《边坡加固与你防护(锚杆框架梁)施工作业指导书.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《边坡加固与你防护(锚杆框架梁)施工作业指导书.doc（57页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 边坡加固与防护（锚杆框架梁）作业指导书 1施工准备 核对设计文件及施工现场地质情况，准备施工所需的材料、机具、设备。 测量放线：测量人员准确放出桩孔中线，用木桩定位。 2工艺流程 确定孔位钻机就位调整角度钻孔清孔安装锚杆注浆制作框架梁。3 施工方法及要求 3.1锚杆孔测量放线 按设计要求，在锚杆施工范围内，起止点用仪器设置固定桩，中间视条件加密，并应保证在施工阶段不得损坏。其它孔位以固定桩为准钢尺丈量，全段统一放样，孔位误差不得超过50mm。测定的孔位点，埋设半永久性标志，严禁边施工边放样。 竖梁的具体长度可根据实际边坡高度确定，但锚杆的位置须按等分坡面的长度进行放样，节点间距2m。 3.2
2、 钻孔设备 钻孔机具的选择，根据锚固地层的类别、锚杆孔径、锚杆深度、以及施工场地条件等来选择钻孔设备。岩层中采用MG-100锚杆钻机钻孔成孔；在岩层破碎或松软饱水等易于塌缩孔和卡钻埋钻的地层中采用跟管钻进技术。 3.3 钻机就位 利用50mm脚手架杆搭设平台，平台用锚杆与坡面固定，钻机用三脚支架提升到平台上。锚杆孔钻进施工，搭设满足相应承载能力和稳固条件的脚手架，根据坡面测放孔位，准确安装固定钻机，并严格认真进行机位调整，确保锚杆孔开钻就位纵横误差不得超过50mm，高程误差不得超过100mm，钻孔倾角和方向符合设计要求，倾角允许误差为1.0，方位允许误差2.0。锚杆与水平面交角为25度。钻机安
3、装要求水平、稳固，施钻过程中应随时检查。 3.4 钻进方式 钻孔要求干钻，禁止采用水钻，以确保锚杆施工不至于恶化边坡岩体的工程地质条件和保证孔壁的粘结性能。钻孔速度根据使用钻机性能和锚固地层严格控制，防止钻孔扭曲和变径，造成下锚困难或其它意外事故。 3.5 钻进过程 钻进过程中对每个孔的地层变化，钻进状态（钻压、钻速）、地下水及一些特殊情况作好现场施工记录。如遇塌孔缩孔等不良钻进现象时，须立即停钻，及时进行固壁灌浆处理（灌浆压力0.10.2MPa），待水泥砂浆初凝后，重新扫孔钻进。 3.6 孔径孔深 钻孔孔径110mm、孔深要求不得小于8.15m，孔口偏差100mm，孔深允许偏差为100mm。
4、为确保锚杆孔直径，要求实际使用钻头直径不得小于设计孔径。为确保锚杆孔深度，要求实际钻孔深度大于设计深度0.15m以上。 3.7 锚杆孔清理 钻进达到设计深度后，不能立即停钻，要求稳钻12分钟，防止孔底尖面、达不到设计孔径。钻孔孔壁不得有沉碴及水体粘滞，必须清理干净，在钻孔完成后，使用高压空气（风压0.20.4MPa）将孔内岩粉及水体全部清除出孔外，以免降低水泥砂浆与孔壁岩土体的粘结强度。除相对坚硬完整之岩体锚固外，不得采用高压水冲洗。若遇锚孔中有承压水流出，待水压、水量变小后方可下安锚筋与注浆，必要时在周围适当部位设置排水孔处理。如果设计要求处理锚孔内部积聚水体，一般采用灌浆封堵二次钻进等方法
5、处理。 3.8 锚杆孔检验 锚杆孔钻孔结束后，须经现场监理检验合格后，方可进行下道工序。孔径、孔深检查一般采用设计孔径、钻头和标准钻杆在现场监理旁站的条件下验孔，要求验孔过程中钻头平顺推进，不产生冲击或抖动，钻具验送长度满足设计锚杆孔深度，退钻要求顺畅，用高压风吹验不存明显飞溅尘碴及水体现象。同时要求复查锚孔孔位、倾角和方位，全部锚孔施工分项工作合格后，即可认为锚孔钻造检验合格。 3.9 锚杆体制作及安装 锚杆杆体采用设计要求的螺纹钢筋，沿锚杆轴线方向每隔1.5m设置一对对中支架，保证锚杆的保护层厚度不低于50mm。锚筋尾端防腐采用刷漆、涂油等防腐措施处理。锚杆端头应与框架梁钢筋焊接，如与框架
6、钢筋、箍筋相干扰，可局部调整钢筋、箍筋地间距，竖、横主筋交叉点必须绑扎牢固。安装前，要确保每根钢筋顺直，除锈、除油污，安装锚杆体前再次认真核对锚孔编号，确认无误后再用高压风吹孔，人工缓慢将锚杆体放入孔内，用钢尺量测孔外露出的锚杆长度，计算孔内锚杆长度（误差控制在-30100mm范围内），确保锚固长度。制作完整的锚杆经监理工程师检验确认后，应及时存放在通风、干燥之处，严禁日晒雨淋。锚杆在运输过程中，应防止钢筋弯折、定位器的松动。 3.10 锚固注浆 锚杆注浆采用自孔底向上一次有压注浆，中途不得停浆。实际注浆量一般要大于理论的注浆量，或以孔口不再排气且孔口浆液溢出浓浆作为注浆结束的标准。在初凝前要
7、进行二次补浆。注浆压力不小于0.4MPa，注浆量不得少于计算量，压力注浆时充盈系数为1.11.3。注浆材料宜选用水灰比1:0.51:1的M35水泥砂浆，水泥砂浆采用抗侵蚀性水泥。注浆压力、注浆数量和注浆时间根据锚固体的体积及锚固地层情况确定。注浆结束后，将注浆管、注浆枪和注浆套管清洗干净，同时做好注浆记录。锚杆孔灌浆后至少养护7天，养护期间严禁敲击、摇动锚杆或在杆体上悬挂得物.待锚杆孔内砂浆强度达到设计强度70%后，进行框架梁施工。 3.11 框架制作 框架采用C30砼浇筑，框架嵌入坡面30cm，用人工开挖，石质地段使用风镐开凿，超挖部分采用C30砼调整至设计坡面。横梁、竖梁基础先采用5cm水
8、泥砂浆调平，再进行钢筋制作安装，钢筋接头需错开，同一截面钢筋接头数不得超过钢筋总根数的1/2，且有焊接接头的截面之间的距离不得小于1m。因锚杆无预应力，锚杆尾部不需外露、不需加工丝口、不用螺帽和砼锚头封块，只需将锚杆尾部与竖梁钢筋相焊接成一整体，若锚杆与箍筋相干扰可局部调整箍筋的间距。模板采用木模板，用短锚杆固定在坡面上，砼浇注时，尤其在锚孔周围，钢筋较密集，一定要仔细振捣，保证质量。框架分片施工，横梁每1015m设一道伸缩缝，缝宽2cm，以沥青麻筋填塞。锚头应埋入框架梁中，锚头钢筋与框架纵梁钢筋焊接相连，与纵梁同时浇筑。注意：要在每个框格中心设1根1.5m长的8带钩钢筋挂网，其用30mm风钻
9、成孔，并灌入M30水泥砂浆锚固；框架竖梁、横梁的终点及伸缩缝处，主筋弯起10cm；施工前先做锚杆抗拔试验，试验孔数不少于3孔，要求锚杆抗拔力土层不小于80KN，岩层不小于160KN。 4.框架梁施工4.1施工准备施工现场三通一平工作要完成，进入工作面等施工辅道已经修建完毕；各钢筋、砂石材料已经试验抽检合格；各施工机具已进场并满足施工生产要求；各作业人员已进场并进行技术交底培训；根据工程需要及工程划分，技术人员、管理人员及其他人员均已到位。4.2测量放样各开挖后断面的复测工作已经完成，开挖坡体在人工修整其坡比等达到要求，然后测放出框架纵梁、横梁位置及施作起始范围。4.3基础开挖尽量修整好边坡，凸
10、出地方要削平，按后按框架竖梁、横梁尺寸及模板厚度精确挖出单根梁肋轮廓。其中最下一级边坡平台有网格坡脚基础，测量放线后经监理验收后可开挖。4.4钢筋绑扎4.4.1先施工竖梁，并于接点处预留横梁钢筋，竖梁形成后，再施工横梁。4.4.2在施工安置框架钢筋之前，先清除框架基础底浮碴，保证基础密实，并在底部铺一层1：3水泥砂浆垫层。4.4.3在坡面上打短钢筋锚钉，准备好与砼保护层厚度一致的砂浆垫块。4.4.4绑扎钢筋，用砂浆垫块垫起，与坡面保持一定中距离，并和短钢筋锚钉连接牢固。4.5立模板4.5.1模板采用木板或桥梁板按设计尺寸进行拼装。模板线型在曲线段时每5m放一控制点挂线施工，保证线形顺畅，符合施
11、工要求。4.5.2立模前首先检查钢筋骨架施工质量，并做好记录，然后立模板。4.5.3模板表面刷脱模剂，模板接装要平整、严实、净空尺寸准确，设合设计要求并美观。4.5.4用脚手架钢杆支撑固定模板，模板底部要与基础紧密接触，以防跑浆、胀模。4.5.5检查立模质量，并做好原始质检记录。4.6砼浇筑4.6.1浇筑前应检查框架的截面尺寸，要严格检查钢筋数量及布置情况。4.6.2框架主筋的保护层一定要满足设计要求。4.6.3钢筋宜制成整体长骨架，其制作、搭接、安装要符合设计及技术规范要求。4.6.4浇筑框架砼必须连续作业，边浇筑边振捣。浇筑过程中如有砼滑动迹象可采取速凝或早强砼或用盖模模压住。各竖梁砼应不
12、间断浇筑，若因故中断浇筑，其接缝按通常方式处理。4.6.5锚杆框架的施工是锚杆与砼框架两项工程密切配合的过程。锚杆和框架的相对位置比二者的绝对位置更重要，务必须精确测量，准确定位。4.6.6浇筑框架砼时，应分别从下而上在三个部位制取砼试件各一组，进行试验。4.6.7坡脚基础砼浇筑要符合设计要求，施工时选用30振捣棒振捣密实，顶面用光抹压光。5劳动组织5.1劳动力组织方式：采用架子队组织模式。5.2施工人员应结合现场确定的施工方案、机械、人员组合、工期要求进行合理配置。工 种数量备 注风钻机手8人4套设备锚杆制作、钢筋加工4人框架钢筋绑扎、混凝土浇筑18人包括锚杆安装、灌浆作业人员5人其他辅助人
13、员7-10人坡面清理、框架梁槽开挖等张拉压浆人员8人负责张拉和压浆技术人员2人负责现场测量放样、质量控制等技术作业其中负责人、工班长、技术人员、专兼职安全员必须由我单位正式职工担任，并可根据工程情况适当配备若干劳务工人。6设备机具配置预应力锚索施工主要机具设备表风动凿岩机2台根据锚杆打设深度、直径配备钻头潜空钻1台电动灌浆机1台锚杆灌浆砂浆搅拌机200L1台锚杆砂浆拌和空气压缩机9m31台千斤顶1套150T柴油发电机75kw1套提供施工用电施工吊蓝及配套器具1套设备提升钢筋加工设备1套锚杆加工、框架梁钢筋加工7质量控制及检验7.1质量控制7.1.1严格控制锚点放线，确保其在设计准确位置。7.1
14、.2当出现坍孔时，应及时处理，处理方法是：应立即停钻，取出钻头，灌浆固壁(灌浆压力0.10.2MPa)，初凝后重新扫孔钻进,钻孔完成后必须使用高压风清孔,清除孔内岩粉和积水。7.1.3钻孔过程中应注意锚固段地质情况，确保锚固段地质与设计相符合。如果有不符，应通知监理工程师及设计单位，采取措施进行处理。锚杆孔位置、孔径、倾角、深度允许偏差及检验标准序号项目允许施工单位检查数量检验方法1位置200mm1处全站仪测量2孔径+10，0mm2处尺量3倾角21处导杆法量4深度+200mm1点尺量钻杆长7.2检验7.2.1路基支挡结构工程按铁路路基工程施工质量验收标准（TB10414-2003）进行分部、分
15、项、检验批划分。 7.2.2路基挡护工程的检验项目、检验数量执行铁路路基工程施工质量验收标准（TB10414-2003），其中有耐久性设计要求的混凝土应执行铁路混凝土工程施工质量验收补充标准（铁建设2005160号）。 8安全及环保要求和措施8.1安全要求和措施8.1.1施工前进行技术安全交底，施工中应明确分工，统一指挥。8.1.2各种机械机具应处于完好可靠状态。8.1.3上岗前要做好完全检查工作，由班组长负责，责任到人，互相督促检查，施工人员进入现场应戴好安全帽，操作人员应集中精神，遵守有关安全操作规程。8.1.4机械、电器设备应专人操作。8.1.5电气（焊）操作员应持有操作证。8.1.6边
16、坡加固工程钻孔通常是在脚手架上作业的，为确保脚手架绝对安全稳定，采用双排方式，立杆间距为1.2到1.3m，层高宜为1.2m，重力集中处增加斜向及横向支撑，并设置短锚桩，将脚手架锚固在稳定的岩壁上。8.1.7高空作业应设安全防护措施，在既有线附近作业，应设置行车安全防护。8.1.8风动钻机管路连接应牢靠，避免脱开甩出伤人。8.1.9施工场地平整，脚手架搭设要牢固，防止钻机和其他设备倾斜掉落；及时检查各高压管接头的可靠性，防止高压管爆裂伤人；千斤顶前严禁站人。8.1.10注浆管路应畅通无阻，避免浆液突然喷出伤人，注浆管路不使用时要及时注压清水冲洗干净。8.1.11各设备的电路应经常检查，排除隐患事
17、故安全用电。8.1.12夜间施工要有足够的照明。8.1.13多工种交叉作业时，要组织安排好先后顺序。8.2环保要求和措施8.2.1钻孔干钻过程中必须有吸尘装置，避免尘土飞扬。8.2.2在施工现场常有大量含泥砂和水泥浆的泥浆水，对这部分泥浆水要及时予以处理。一般做法是使其经排水沟流至集水井，清水用水泵从上面抽走，下面的泥砂及时挖出，用专用的罐车运送到大容积的沉淀池，定期抽出池内上层浮水，再处理下面的稀泥。8.2.3封孔注浆前，应先根据钻孔判断其地质情况，了解是否有溶洞，暗河，注浆严格控制注浆量，在保证施工质量的同时，防止浆液污染地下水源及涌出地表的现象发生。8.2.4现场材料集中堆放，施工设备由
18、专人负责管理，防水、排水设施提前修砌，保证现场文明施工的正常进行。57（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the part
19、y, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirem
20、ents, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision proc
21、ess; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of
22、the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regul
23、ations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the part
24、ys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping
25、 series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an impor
26、tant role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive a
27、dvocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent,
28、not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which
29、 many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specifi
30、c, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely
31、 to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision pr
32、ocess the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instruc
33、tions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeti
34、ng to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministrie
35、s and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Comm
36、ittee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulat
37、ions revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee
38、After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of
39、two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious dis
40、cipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party
41、constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the
42、Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the
43、purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 secon
44、d is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all me
45、mbers, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this
46、 one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipl