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1、语言手段12种,写作的目的是考查考生整合信息和信息表达,并用适当短语、句型等语言手段产生出连贯语篇的能力。现介绍十二种常用的语言表达手段，这些语言手段在近年的广东高考题中和各地模拟写作题中出现的频率非常高, 掌握这些语言手段对提高写作能力一定帮助很大。,同位语主要用于介绍人物、事物、地点、产品、书名等。,典型例题 信息点： 书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作者：Amy Chua, 美籍华人, 耶鲁大学教授 中文版：2011年初开始在中国销售(2011年广东高考),信息表达：A book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, w
2、ritten by Amy Chua, an American-Chinese, has been sold in China since the beginning of 2011. (Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother 作a book的同位语, an American-Chinese 作Amy Chua的同位语),1. 用同位语完成句子。 (1)去年, 我被邀请参加一个为“待援助的孩子”(Tuesday Child)举办的一个狂欢节(carnival), “待援助的孩子”是一个帮助艾滋患儿的组织。 Last year, I was invited to part
3、icipate in a carnival for Tuesdays Child, _ _.,课堂练习,an organization that helps children with AIDS,(2) 离2012年还有一个月时间, 但孤星指南(the Lonely Planet)等不及宣布来年十大旅游城市排行榜,孤星指南是世界最畅销旅游指南杂志之一。 There is still more than one month to go before 2012. But the Lonely Planet, _ _ , cant wait to announce its top 10 cities
4、 to travel to in the coming year.,2. 信息点： 姓名：Steve Jobs 别名：苹果教父(godfather) 出生地：美国 加州 三藩市(San Francisco) 出生日期：1955年2月24日 逝世日期：2011年10月5日,信息表达：,2. Steve Jobs, the godfather of Apple, was born in San Francisco, California, the USA on February 24th, 1955 and passed away on October 5th, 2011.,典型例题1信息点： 效
5、应：(这本书)引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论(2011广东) 信息表达：The book has received a heated discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and American educational ways.,要用到的词语有很多, 简单的有about, on, as to等, 复杂的有concerning, regarding, with respect to等。,典型例题2 信息组合： 演讲主题：人与自然 参赛选手：10名学生(2010全国卷I) 信息表达：Ten students will
6、 deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and the Nature”.,1. 翻译: 上周末我校在2600名学生中进行了有关“幸福感”的相关问题调查。 1. Last weekend, a survey about “The feeling of happiness” was carried out (conducted) among 2600 students in our school.,课堂练习,2. 翻译: 最近, 你班就“高三学生是否需要 吃补品(tonics)来保持健康”展开了讨论。 2. Recently we have
7、had a discussion in a class meeting about whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit.,假如你是你校学生会主席李华, 现准备写 一个关于演讲的通知。 演讲题目：如何好好生活 演讲时间：下周六 演讲者：王教授 信息表达： Next Saturday Professor Wang will come to our school to give us a lecture on how to live well.,3. 信息点：,可用短语如according to sb.(
8、根据某人的看法)，in my opinion /in my view(在我看来，我认为)，from ones point of view(在某人看来)，as far as Im concerned(对我而言), as for(至于，就而言)等, 句型有sb believes/ thinks/ claims，sb told us that.，sb pointed out that.(某人指出)等。,专家解读(王教授)：学生近视 (1)发生率：略高于50 (2)人数：世界第一(2009广东) 信息表达：According to Professor Wang, slightly more than
9、half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.,典型例题 信息点：,1. 翻译：我的看法是我们应保护自然资源,减 少环境污染。 1. In my opinion, we should try to protect natural resources and decrease environment pollution. 2. 翻译：依我看, 合作需要有效的交流, 没有它人们会盲目地做事情。 2. From my point of view, coopera
10、tion calls for effective communication, without which people will do things blindly.,课堂练习,3. 要点组合： 你的观点：微博(microblog)提供大量信息, 应根据个人情况谨慎使用 信息表达：As far as I am concerned, microblog provides us with large quantities of information, so we should be cautious while using it according to our personal situat
11、ion.,1. 百分比的表达。如： (1)70% of. (2)seventy percent of. (3)70 percent of the.(注意：考生最易漏用of) 2. 其它一些比例的表达手段。如： (1)一半：half of the. =fifty percent of the. (2)四分之一(25%)：a quarter of =25 percent of the.,(3)四分之三(75%)：three quarters of =75 percent of the. 3. 分数表达法：分子是基数词, 分母是序数词。如： 1/4：one fourth 2/3：two thirds
12、 7/8：seven eighths 五个当中有三个：three out of five，three in five,典型例题 信息点： 相关数据: (1)(目前中国)吸烟人数: 约3,5亿 (2) 分布：男性75, 女性：25(2010广东) 信息表达：Currently China has about 350 million smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 percent are women.,1. The survey shows that _ _(50%的学生)gain happiness from the love of t
13、heir parents or relatives and from the warmth of families.,课堂练习,2. In the study, _ _(800个的青少 年中, 大约有40%)who have been exposed to secondhand smoke had detectable hearing problems.,小学、初中、高中学校每天提供体育锻炼的分布情况： 小学：50% 初中：30% 高中：20% 不提供锻炼的学校：十分之一 信息表达: _ primary schools, _ junior middle schools and 20% of s
14、enior high schools provide physical education each school day while _schools did not require physical education at all.,one-tenth of,50% of,30% of,3. 信息点：,表“排位”要用到的词语有：rank +(the+)序数词, be +the+序数词, be+ in the +序数词+place或 get the +序数词+place等; 也可以用“is the +形容词最高级+范围”来表达。,典型例题 信息点： 基本信息：(1)发生率：略高于50 (2
15、)人数：世界第一(2009广东高考) 信息表达：According to Professor Wang， a little more than 50% of the school children in our country are short-sighted, ranking the first in the world.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：江苏卫视的非诚勿扰(You are the One)这个相亲节目的收视率排第一。 The ratings of Jiangsu TVs You are the One _among all the programs.,ranks (the) fir
16、st,2. 翻译：东京大学(Todai)在所有的日 本大学排行榜中名列第一, 因为她的毕 业生在大公司担任重要位置的数量很多。 Todai _among Japanese universities for the number of graduates who hold important positions in big companies.,ranks the first,李娜的主要成绩： (1)目前世界排名第四; (2)2011年1月澳大利亚网球公开赛(The Australian Open)亚军; (3)2011年6月法国网球公开赛(The French Open)冠军。 信息表达：T
17、he year 2011 has seen her achieve great success: she _ in the Australian Open in January and won the championship in the French Open in June, and _ in women tennis players in the world.,3. 信息点：,is now ranked No. 4,got the second place,短语：advise sb to do.(劝某人做某事) 从句：(1) Sb suggests that. (2) Sb gives
18、 sb a suggestion that. (3) It is suggested that. (4) It is highly advisable that. (5) give sb some advice on.,典型例题 信息点： 专家解读：建议：(中小学生)不要过度用 眼;多参加户外活动(2009广东高考) 信息表达：He suggested that school children avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities. 或 He gave us a suggestion that school chi
19、ldren should avoid overusing their eyes and take more outdoor activities.,或 School children are advised not to overuse their eyes but to take more outdoor activities.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：你对班上同学的建议：学习时尤其是听课时要充分利用眼、脑、口、耳、手等器官共同参与, 这样学习才更有效。 _when studying, especially in class students should make full use of t
20、he brain, eyes, ears, hands, and other organs for joint participation, which will make their study more efficient.,It is my suggestion that,2. 翻译：因此我强烈地建议那些同学不要沉迷于这些网络活动而把更多的时间花到有意义的活动中去, 如锻炼身体。 Therefore, I strongly _ _ get addicted to these online activities and spend more spare time on meaningful
21、 activities, such as taking exercise.,你给Jack的建议： (1) 制定学习计划, 尽力把心思放到学习上； (2)多和同学交流学习经验, 以提高学习成绩。 信息表达：To improve your study, I think it is very important for you to make a good plan for you study and put your heart into study. Besides, _ you communicate with your classmates so that you can learn the
22、ir experience and improve your own study.,3. 信息点：,I suggest that,表示提示或提醒的表达有： Sb reminds / warns us that.(某人提醒我们) Sb reminds / warns us(not)to do sth(某人提醒我们做/不要做某事),典型例题 信息点： 专家解读：(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关(2009广东高考) 信息表达：He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also related to short-sightednes
23、s.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：提醒大家不要轻易在网上透露个人信息和不要随意打开不认识的人发来的文档。 _to keep secret our personal information, including our real name, phone number, email address and so on, and not to open any files from a stranger.,We are reminded,2. 翻译：Alex提醒我们不同国家的各种领 域的时事新闻不仅丰富我们的知识, 同时帮助我们明智地思考我们的人生。 _ news and current affairs
24、on various fields from different countries not only enrich our knowledge but also help us think wisely about our life.,Alex reminds us that,3. 信息点： 温馨提醒：有效期：一个半月; 过期后果自负。 信息表达: _ that you have to undertake the responsibility after one and a half month.,We would like to remind you,这种表达方式也有很多。如： 1. be
25、 connected with/to 2. be related to 3. be relative to 4. be relevant to 5. have something to do with 6. be in/with relation to 7. be associated with 8. be linked to 9. be bound up with,典型例题 信息点： 专家解读：(4)特别提示：如何握笔也和近视有关(2009年广东高考) 信息表达：He particularly reminded us that how to hold a pen is also relate
26、d to short-sightedness. (is related to 可用上面所有的表达方式代替),课堂练习 1. 翻译：教育专家认为这事关教育公 平的问题, 应从学生实际出发。 Educational experts think that this standard _ the educational fairness so it should be based on the reality of students.,is connected with,2. 翻译：如果对老师的评价(evaluations)与学生的成绩联系起来的话, 良好的教育就成了一句空话。 If teachers
27、 evaluations _ students grades, good education will just become empty talk.,are connected to,3. 信息点： 食品安全：最令人担忧的问题, 与我 们的健康息息相关。 信息表达：Food safety is the most worrying problem because it _ _our health.,表目的的表达手段很多, 用作不同的成分有不同的表达。 1. 用谓语表达：aim/intend to do sth(目的是, 旨在) 2. 用状语表达： (1) so as to /in order
28、to /in an effort to do.(为了做某事) (2) with the purpose of doing sth(带着的目的, 为了) (3) in hopes/the hope of(怀着的希望) (4) with dreams of doing(带着的梦想) (5) with the goal of doing sth(目的是),3. 用不定式作表语表达： (1) The purpose of doing sth is to do.(做某事的目的是) (2) Our goal is to do.(我们的目标/的是) (3) The aim is to do.(目的是) 4.
29、 用从句表达： (1) so that.(以便) (2) in order that.(为了) (3) in the hope that.(怀着的希望),典型例题 信息点： 目标：所有室内公共场所无烟 实施时间：2011年1月1日起(2010广东) 信息表达：This decision, which aims to make all indoor public places smoke-free, will come into effect from the first day of 2011. 或This decision, aiming to make all indoor public
30、places smoke-free, will be carried out from January 1, 2011.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：为实现目标要采取的措施：努力学习考上理想的大学。(2010四川) _, I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.,In order to reach the goal,2. 翻译：这课的目的是为了体验中山大学的生活, 我充分感觉到做大学生的美妙。 _ at Zhongshan University. I f
31、ully felt the sweetness of being a college student.,The aim of the class was to experience life,3. 信息点： “无车日”(Car-free Day)是一项节能环保的活动 活动时间：每年9月22日 参与者：全国108个城市 活动目的：提高人们节约能源与保护环境的意识 信息表达：_ _, Car-free Day is launched in 108 cities in China on September 22 every year.,介词短语：because of, due to, owing t
32、o, thanks to, for the reason that+从句 从句：because, as, since, so.that. 句式：The reason for/why.is that. (的原因是),典型例题 1. 你的偶像及理由。(2007广东) As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.,专家解读：(1)原因：很复杂 (2)治疗：没有哪一种药物能治愈近视(2009广东) 信息表达：He also pointed out that th
33、e causes for short-sightedness are so complicated that no medicine can cure it. 或 Due to the complication of shortsightedness, no medicine can cure it, Professor Wang told us.,2. 信息点：,课堂练习 1. 翻译：由于他的精湛的技术, 他赢得最 有价值球员奖, 并被选入棒球名人堂。 _, he won the most valuable player award and was elected to the Baseba
34、ll Hall of Fame.,Because of his excellent skills,2. 翻译：部分大学为什么吸引力下降：部分大学办学质量差、学生上学学费高、毕业生就业难等。 _ some colleges have become less attractive _the educational quality of some colleges is poor, the tuition fee is high and its hard for college graduates to get jobs. 或Due to the poor educational quality o
35、f some colleges, high tuition fees and difficult employment for college graduates, some colleges have become less attractive.,is that,The reason why,3. 信息点： 人们饮食的变化原因： 原因一：人们富裕，有钱买贵重食品; 原因二：人们更加注意食品的质量, 好的食品对身体有益。,信息表达：Why are there changes in peoples diet? I think _. First of all, people are becomi
36、ng rich and they have more money to buy more expensive food with better nutrition. The second reason is that people pay more attention to the quality of food, because they know good food is of great benefit to their health.,there are two reasons,对比的表达手段也是常用的表达手段, 主 要有： 1. while 2. in comparison to 3
37、. compared with/ to 4. in comparison 5. in contrast,典型例题 信息点：,男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异(2007年广东) 信息表达：The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys favour sports stars.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：相比球类运动和其它流行体育项目, 慢跑更有效, 且不那么耗时。 _ball games and other popular sports, jogging i
38、s more efficient and less time-consuming.,In comparison with / compared with,2. 翻译：与传统贺卡相比, 电子贺卡有许多优点。 _the paper ones, electronic cards have a large number of advantages.,Compared with,3. 信息点： 25%的同学在家上网查找资料, 60%的同学聊天或打游戏。 信息表达: The survey shows that 25% of our classmates search the Internet for ma
39、terials for their study, _60% of them chat or play games.,while,表达手段有： 1. such as/ like/ such.as.(后接名词、动名词, 不能接句子和动词原形) 2. For instance, ./ For example, .(前后有标点, 后接句子) 3. Take sb or sth for example/ Take sb or sth as an example(用于举一个例子),典型例题 举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。(2011江苏) Actually there is a lot I can do
40、to share mothers daily burden. For example, I can help my mother with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself after school.,课堂练习 1. 翻译：很多中国学生面临很多体质 问题，诸如肥胖、近视等。 Many Chinese students are facing a number of physical problems, _obesity, and short-sightedness, etc.,
41、such as /like,2. 翻译：就拿我班的同学来说吧, 有些担 心自己个子小, 有些为自己胖而苦恼, 其 他同学因为自己不漂亮而沮丧。 _. Some worry about their small size; some get annoyed that they are fat; and others are upset that they are not beautiful.,Take my classmates as an example,3. 信息点： 举例：春节期间, 把剪纸贴在门窗上, 表达 快乐, 希望得到好运。 信息表达：_, Chinese people always put paper cuts on doors and windows to express our happiness during the Spring Festivals and to hope for good luck.,For example,Thank you !,