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1、microscopicmess13 2015理工b阅读押题机会只给有准备的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 2015年共4篇文章 IllBeBach（综合B）2015 新增 26课讲过 Teaching ；Math, Teaching Anxiety A Sunshade for the PlaneDigital Realm第二十九篇 IllBeBach（理工B新增） Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original wo
2、rks of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to
3、write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First
4、, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. Cope bui
5、lt a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good,
6、but it was a start. Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database., A few years later, Copes computer program, called Emmy, w
7、as ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success!
8、Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of comp
9、osing these days! 注释：1.J.S.Bach：约翰.塞巴斯蒂安.巴赫(德语：JohannSebastianBach，1685年3月31日-1750年7月28日)，巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方现代音乐之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。练习：l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisaboutAclassicalmusic. Bpopmusic. Cdrama. Dcountrymusic.2.Bydevelopingacompute
10、rsoftware,DavidCopeaimedAtobelikeBach.BtostudyBach.Ctowriteanopera.Dtocreateamusicaldatabase3.WhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposersbrain?AItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyitself.BItwritesacomputerprogram.CItcanrecognizeanymusicpatterns.DItcreatesanaccuratedatabase.4.WhoisEmmy?AadatabaseBacomputersoftw
11、areCacomposerwhohelpedDavidDanopera5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatADavidCopeisacomputerprogrammer.BDavidCopelovesmusic.CBachsmusichelpedhimalot.DEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanacomposer.第二十九篇 IllBeBach（理工B新增） Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical mu
12、sic. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30年才 完成这个软件，现在，科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲家J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似，很少 有
13、人能分辨出其中不同。 It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings
14、 compose music. He realized that composers brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the d
15、atabase accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. 这一切始于1980年的美国，那时科普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作出新的旋律于是他 编写了一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先是吸收他们 听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为， 只有伟大的作曲家才能建立好的数据库，并且能熟记于心，从而创造出新的音乐。 Cope built a huge
16、database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was
17、 a start. 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据庳，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。 科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片 段组合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美，但这只是个开始。 Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more. complex music. He also add
18、ed many other composers, including his own work, to the database. 科普知道，他要做的还有很多,他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件，不久它就 能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 A few years later, Copes computer program, called Emmy, was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between th
19、e composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had co
20、mposed the work. 几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科普聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科蓊只用了两个 星期就完成了这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠落。演出获得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最高 的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样创作出这部歌剧的 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like o
21、f her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days! 从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，吿诉她自己哪些音乐是 他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来完成的！练习：l.ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisaboutAclassicalmusic. Bpopmusic. Cdrama. Dcountrymusic.2.Bydevelopingacomputersoftware,DavidCopeaimedAtobelikeBach
22、.BtostudyBach.Ctowriteanopera.Dtocreateamusicaldatabase3.WhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatcomposersbrain?AItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyitself.BItwritesacomputerprogram.CItcanrecognizeanymusicpatterns.DItcreatesanaccuratedatabase.4.WhoisEmmy?AadatabaseBacomputersoftwareCacomposerwhohelpedDavidDanopera5.
23、WecaninferfromthepassagethatADavidCopeisacomputerprogrammer.BDavidCopelovesmusic.CBachsmusichelpedhimalot.DEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanacomposer.答案与题解：1.A第一段的第一句：DavidCope发明了一个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。2.C从第二段的第一句可以看出，David编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。3.D第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数据进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐形式。
24、4.B从第五段第一句可知Emmy是一计算机软件。5.D从本文第一句可知David是一个作曲家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除A;B、C内容没有提及;从本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的创作速度，最后一句，大部分困难的工作都由Emmy来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。第二十九篇 我也能成为巴赫 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软件，它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30年才 完成这个软件，现在，科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲家J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。 这一切始于1980年的美国，那时科普正在写一部戏剧，但是他无法创作出新的旋律于是他 编写了
25、一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢？ 他幵始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们先是吸收他们 听过的所有音乐，然后去除他们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为， 只有伟大的作曲家才能建立好的数据库，并且能熟记于心，从而创造出新的音乐。 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据庳，最开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。 科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模式，然后将片 段组合成新的模式。不久，这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美，但这 只是个开始。
26、科普知道，他要做的还有很多,他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完善他的软件，不久它就 能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。 几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科普聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科蓊只用了两个 星期就完成了这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠落。演出获得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以来最高 的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样创作出这部歌剧的。从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现在依然会给艾米反馈，吿诉她自己哪些音乐是 他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分艰巨的
27、工作是由艾米来完成的！第四十篇 Teaching Math数学, Teaching Anxiety焦虑 理工（B级）教数学，教焦虑1.In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school小学, the psychologists心理学家 at the University of Chicagol Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female
28、 students learn: If a female女 teacher is uncomfortable 不安的,不自在的with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.在最新一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的心理学家Sian Beilock和Susan Levine 发现，女教师的想法和女学生的学习之间有着惊人的联系：如果女教师对自己的数学能力感到焦虑，她的女学生很可能认为男孩子数学比女孩学得更
29、好。2.If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3, said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are
30、better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.如果一直由对数学有焦虑的女教师教授数学，就会对她们的数学成绩产生雪球效应，Levine说。换言之，女孩子们最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。该研究表明，如果女孩子们在一个认为男孩比女孩数学好的环境中成长，那么她们的数学可能会不如在更自信的状态下学得好。3.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, t
31、eachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word anxiety to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.如同学生，教师也会觉得某些学科难学和难教，数学可能对每一个人来说尤其难。这就是研究者所言的焦虑：不自信或担心。4.The new study fo
32、und that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of
33、the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.此研究发现，教师对数学的焦虑能够传染给她的女学生们。该研究的研究对象包括65个女孩，52个男孩和17位在中西部教一二年级的教师。学生们在学年的开始和结束时都进行数学测试，研究者们比较得分。5.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turn
34、ed to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt销售清单5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt销售清单, for example,was probably a
35、nxious about math.研究者们测试学生是否认为数学明星一定会是男孩。然后研究者们测试教师，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑，研究者们问教师们当碰到数学问题诸如阅读销售清单时的感受，如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就感到紧张，那么她很可能对数学存在焦虑。6. Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. On average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls i
36、n the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.平均来说，教师的焦虑不会影响到男孩子。但是，一般说来，如果教女孩子的教师有数学焦虑症，那么女孩子们在学年结束时测试得分比其
37、他的女孩要低。另外，在关于是否认为数学明星应该是男孩的测试中，有20个女孩认为男孩数学比女孩好，这20个女孩的老师都是女性，且都患有数学焦虑症。This is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted解释 as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6, said David Geary, a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.来自密苏里大学的心理学家Davi
38、d Geary说这是一个有趣的研究，但是这只是初步结果，需要用更大的调查样本进行重复验证。练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?根据第一段，芝加哥大学研究结果是什么？A. Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B. Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are n
39、ot as good as boys at math.C. Female teachers math skills have influence over girl students math skills.D. Female teachers confidence信心, 自信in their math skills is related to girls math skills.2. What is implied暗指的 in the third paragraph?第三段暗示什么？A. Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the s
40、ubject due to its difficulty.B. A difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject.C. Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D. Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.LESSON THIRTY(1)人生的自我激励Self-motivation for succe
41、ss If I can not walk, I am going to fly. Never Tell Me Never. - Shepherd一个人的成功有三个重要因素：1. 有勇气，自信。2. 善于学习，好的学习方法。有毅力，学会坚持。3. According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt根据实验, 老师他们可能会对数学感到焦虑,当他们感觉到A. nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.B. hel
42、pless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.C. uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D. hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.B - 查细节关键词的选择1.查细节-从题干中找到关键词是成败的重要一环（就象在百度中搜索一样）2.查细节尽量避免用中心词，和常用词作为关键词3. 如答案A、B、C、D里有3-4个相同的词，便是关键词4. 一般发现A、B、C、D四个选项中，哪个选项出现中心词，一般该选项就是正确答案。4. The sixth
43、 paragraph tells us that the research findings第六段告诉我们研究发现。A. prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students math achievements.B. show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.C. provide strong evidence that math
44、superstars are more likely to be males than females.D. discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achievements.4. 一般发现A、B、C、D四个选项中，哪个选项出现中心词，一般该选项就是正确答案。5. David Geary thinks thatDavid Geary 认为A. the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research proces
45、s.B. the research results need to be retested based再次测试 on a larger sample更大的调查样本.C. the research results need to be reinterpreted 重新解释to be meaningful有意思的.D. the study is well based and produces significant results.词汇：snowball /snub:l/雪球；滚雪球式增长的事 replication/replikein/ n 重复，复现superstar/sju:psta:/ n
46、超级明星练习：1. University of Chicago：芝加哥大学。位于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市，是世界一流的私立大学，创建于1891 年。2. keep getting math-anxious female teachers：一直由对数学有焦虑感的女教师教授数学。此处getting是having的意思，math-anxious指的是上文中提到的对数学没有自信的心理状态。另见第三段最后一句对anxiety的解释。3. snowball effect on their math achievement：在数学成就上的雪球效应。其含义是：在数学上越来越没有信心。4. end up learning math anxiety from their teachers：最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。End up doing something：最终会做某事5. sales receipt：销售清单6. in need of replication with a larger sample：需要用更大的调查样本进行重复验证。replication在量化实证研究中的意思是“重复（实验）”。7. the University