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1、必修一必修一 Unit 1 ANNES BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. A
2、nne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont w
3、ant to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if its because I havent been able to be
4、 outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here. For example, one evening when it was so
5、warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the wi
6、ndow had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. its no pleasu
7、re looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Your, Anne Friday, 10 July 1942 When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and
8、already waiting for us. All the rooms were full of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and lay down on
9、 their beds. But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once. The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy and Margot we
10、re too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy. FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAII Every culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first settled the islands long ago, aloha had a very specia
11、l meaning. That is “to be with happiness”. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you
12、should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell stronger. Its believed tha
13、t the islands can be a paradise when the people live in peace. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talk
14、ing about all those who live on the islands. Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the isla
15、nds are also given lies. When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home. Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship. Unit 2 THE ROAD TO MODERN E
16、NGLISH At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today
17、, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this kind of example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. Id like to com
18、e up to your apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different the English spoken today. It was based more on German th
19、an the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to
20、 make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to American. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big chang
21、es in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For exa
22、mple, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. during that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of
23、people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell. STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, Indi
24、a and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the r
25、adio you will hear differences in the way people speak. When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA,
26、 two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect
27、. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialects as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Although many Amer
28、icans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects. THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. T
29、hen people could spell word in different ways which you might find it interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasnt made 必修一必修一 Unit 1 ANNES BEST F
30、RIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in
31、Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont want to set down a series o
32、f facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that
33、 Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here. For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on pu
34、rpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The d
35、ark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. its no pleasure looking through these a
36、ny longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Your, Anne Friday, 10 July 1942 When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting for us. Al
37、l the rooms were full of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and lay down on their beds. But Daddy and
38、 I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once. The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried t
39、o eat, and Daddy and I were too busy. FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAII Every culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first settled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is “to be
40、with happiness”. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The
41、 land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell stronger. Its believed that the islands can be a par
42、adise when the people live in peace. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who li
43、ve on the islands. Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the islands are also given lies. W
44、hen they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home. Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship. Unit 2 THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 1
45、6th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak Englis
46、h as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this kind of example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartment. So
47、 why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at
48、 present. Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocab
49、ulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to American. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign