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1、 你的首选资源互助社区Unit 2Growing pains重点单词【1】辨析suggest, advise, request, order(1) suggest与advise都是动词“建议”，它们后面的宾语从句都用虚拟语气(shouldv.), should可以省略。advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”，advise不能用suggest替换，但可以说suggest sb./ones doing sth.。I advise that he (should) go at once.我建议他马上动身。I suggested going in my car.我建议坐我的
2、车去。(2) request, order等动词后接的宾语从句中，也常用“should 动词原形”作谓语，should可省略。They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted.他们要求每砍伐一棵就要补栽两棵树。(3) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested从句，此时从句也常用“should 动词原形”作谓语，should可省略。It was ordered that the army be sent to the front.部队接到命令，他们立即要被派往前线。 名词sugge
3、stion, advice, order, request等后接同位语从句或这些词在表语从句中作主语时，从句也用“should 动词原形”作谓语，should可省略。He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.他同意我提出的更改日期的建议。【注意】若suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。He _ to stay at home and have a good rest.他建议我们待在家里并好好休息。The professor suggested that paren
4、ts _ their children every day when they stepped into the college.教授建议父母不要在孩子进入大学后每天给他们打电话。The smile on his face suggested that he _ (be) happy to meet her again.advised us(should) not phonewas【2】 explain vt. 解释，说明explain sth. to sb./explain to sb. sth. 向某人解释某事explain that 从句Will you please explain t
5、he third paragraph again to us?请您把第三段再给我们解释一下好吗？I explain that an ambulance would be coming soon.我解释说救护车很快就到。explain yourself 为自己的行为作解释I really dont see why I should have to explain myself to you.我真不明白我为什么非要向你解释我的行为不可。explanation n. 解释，说明the explanation for sth. 对某事的解释对初学者解释这个问题很难。_Alex解释说他的汽车出了毛病。_
6、我想不出他缺席的任何理由。_It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. Alex explained that his car had broken down.I cant think of any possible explanation for his absence.【3】 charge n. 费用；价钱，v. 要求收费；索价；将(电池)充电；指控，控告The fruit seller charged me too much money.这个水果商赚了我太多的钱。Does your car battery charge ea
7、sily?你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗？charge sb. with 指控某人；赋予某人职责(或任务)in/take/have charge (of) 控制(局面、组织、人群)；掌管，负责(主语一般是人，是主动的)in/under the charge of 在的掌管下/由照看(相当于in ones charge, 逻辑主语是被动的) Who is in _charge of the factory? It is in _ charge of my brother.A. the；/ B. the; theC/；/ D/; theShe was complaining that the sel
8、ler was _ too much for the coat.A. spending B. offeringC. costing D. chargingD D【4】 deserve v. 值得，应受的deserven./to do 值得(做)deserve doing/to be done 值得被做deserve to be punished/punishment 应该被罚Good work deserves good pay.良好的工作表现应该得到丰厚的报酬。He certainly deserves to be sent to prison if he continues to do i
9、t.如果他再继续这样做的话，的确应该被送去坐牢。Nobody thinks he _ our help so we wont give him any hand.A. deserves B. worthC. deserve D. worthsAdeserve 值得，为动词；worth 值得的，为形容词。【5】 spare vt. 节约，省出；adj. 多余的，剩下的；空闲的Do you have any spare change for the phone?你有零钱打电话吗？Could you spare me five pounds?你能给我5英镑吗？We had an hour to sp
10、are so we looked round the shops.还有1个小时的剩余时间，所以我们逛商店。spare no efforts/pains 不遗余力spare ones life/spare sb. his life 饶某人一命in ones spare time 在某人的业余时间Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare you must learn to _.A. support B. careC. spare D. shareDlearn to share 学会分享。【6】 forbid vt. (forbade, forbidd
11、en) 禁止，不许forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事(不能说forbid to do)forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事Its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的。the Forbidden City 紫禁城My parents forbid me to stay the night out.我父母不准我在外面过夜。You are all forbidden to leave.你们都不准离开。Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents di
12、d not _ her to do so.A. forbid B. allowC. follow D. askBforbid禁止；allow允许；follow跟着，跟随；ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。 【7】 argument n. 争论；辩论The students had a long argument with their teachers about their uniforms.学生们就他们校服的事和老师进行了很长时间的辩论。argue v. 争论；争辩argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人为某事争论He argued with t
13、he taxi driver about the fare.他与出租车司机为票价争论起来。argue that 主张，认为She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.她认为我们的努力将会是浪费时间。argue for/against 赞成/反对He argued for the fiveday workweek.他赞成一周上5天班。argue sb. into / out of 说服某人做/不做某事We argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服他不继续这样危险的
14、旅程。我们和服务员就账单发生了争吵。_他认为他们需要更多的时间来完成项目。_他们说服他撤回了投诉。(argue into)_We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.【1】 be supposed to do 按照义务、规则、规律或约定“理应，应该”He is supposed to arrive before 6 oclock
15、.他应该6点之前到。be supposed to do常表示“本应该发生(而实际并未发生)”，有时也可使用“be supposed to have done”，相当于should have done。He is supposed to have arrived by now.此刻他应该到了。(1)以suppose开头的句子表示“如何，怎么样”，用来提出建议。Suppose we hold an English evening?我们举办一场英语晚会怎么样？(2)supposing/suppose if 倘若，假使，可引导条件状语从句。Supposing/Suppose your friends
16、knew it, what would they think?倘若你的朋友们知道这件事，他们会作何感想？(3)连锁问句What do you suppose you will do after school?你放学后想做什么？ Why did you go to the wrong office? Well, I forgot which room I was _ to go to. A. demanded B. hopedC. supposed D. suggestedCbe supposed to do意为“应该做/被认为做”；demand语气太重；hope后不能接双宾语，即不能说hope
17、 sb. to do sth.；而suggest只能是suggest sb. doing建议某人做 【2】辨析do with, deal withdo with (sb./sth.) 处置； deal with 处理；打交道；涉及，当表示“怎样处置”时，do with用what提问，deal with用how提问。How to deal with the waste from the factory is a serious problem.怎样处理这家工厂的垃圾是一个严重的问题。What did you do with my umbrella?你把我的伞怎么了？deal with 还可以表示
18、“论及，涉及，与打交道”。This book dealt with the ancient history of Rome.这本书论及罗马的古代史。do with 还可以表示：(1) 以将就，以对付过去(与助动词连用，不可用被动语态)Butter is so expensive that we had to do with margarine in those days.那时候，奶油非常贵，所以我们都已人造黄油来将就。(2) 忍受(与cannot连用；不可用被动语态)If theres something I cant do with, its untidiness.如果说有什么东西我无法忍受
19、的话，那就是不整洁。 _ have you done _ my table? I have thrown it away.A. What; with B. How; withC. What; for D. How; forA用do with 表示“怎样处置”， 用what提问。 【3】 remindof 提醒；使想起 I want to remind you of the rules for school parties.关于学校晚会，有几个规定我想提醒你们。rob sb. of sth. 抢某人东西cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人疾病inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某
20、事accuse sb. of sth. 谴责某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that/what 从句 “提醒某人某事”或“使某人想起某事”。They reminded me that they had promised to buy me a car.他们使我想到，他们承诺过给我买一辆车。This reminded us what we should do.这提醒我们该做什么。当我们离开时，请提醒我关掉空调。_这股气味使我想起了法国。_地址若有变动请随时通知我们。_He got a letter from his mother, whi
21、ch _ him of his home.A. remembered B. forgot C. thought D. remindedPlease remind me to turn off the air conditioner when we leave.That smell reminds me of France.Please inform us of any changes of address.D根据句意和宾语him后的of his home，只有动词remind符合。【4】insist on / upon (doing) sth. 坚持做某事She insisted on not
22、 telling me her telephone number.她坚持不告诉我她的电话号码。The scientist insisted on an exact figure.这位科学家坚持要得到一个精确的数字。insist有两个含义，其用法也不同：(1)作“坚持要；一定要”讲时，后面的从句用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，其中should可省略。They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once.他们坚持要我们立刻开始工作。(2)作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态。He in
23、sisted that he had put the file back in the case.他坚持说他已经把文件放回到盒子里了。He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being calledD句意：他总是坚持要别人叫他Turner医生而不是Turner先生。insist on后接名词或动名词。【1】 Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very
24、 slowly.埃里克跟在后边跑了进来，身后跟着一只狗慢慢地走着。followed by为过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示被动含义。若现在分词作伴随状语，则表示主动或进行的概念。The boy spent the night, locked in the room.这个男孩被锁在房间里度过了一整夜。He sat in the corner of the room, crying sadly.他坐在房间的角落里伤心地哭着。【2】 The room is a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.房间一片混乱，
25、地上四处是比萨盒子，水池里堆着没洗的盘子。此句中with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink用的是with的复合结构，这里是“with名词介词短语”的形式。The English teacher came into the classroom, with a book in her hand.英语老师手里拿着一本书走进教室。“with复合宾语(即O.O.C.)”在句子中充当状语或定语。其中宾语补足语除了可以由介词短语充当外，还可以是分词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、不定式短语。They came to a farmhouse
26、 with a big tree in front of it.他们来到一所其前有一棵大树的农舍前。(定语)They came to a farmhouse with their equipment on their backs.他们背着自己的装备，来到一所农舍前。(状语)(1) with名词/代词分词With the exams coming next week, I have no time to play.下周考试就要来临了，我没时间玩了。(2) with名词/代词形容词He likes to sleep with the window open.他喜欢睡觉时把窗开着。(3) with名
27、词/代词副词The young couple sat there in silence, with the light on, for nearly half an hour.这对年轻的夫妇开着灯，一言不发坐在那儿近半个小时。(4) with名词/代词不定式With no one to talk to, the girl felt bored and cried under the quilt alone.没有人可以交谈，这个女孩感到很乏味并且一个人躲在被子里哭了起来。(5) with名词/代词名词With her son still (being) a schoolboy, she has
28、to work hard to support his study.儿子还在上学，她不得不努力工作以维持他的学业。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishingC. having finished D. was finished_ only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. (2010江
29、西会昌中学高三月考)A. For B. WithC. As D. Because窗户敞开着，我们可以感觉到凉爽的风吹到我们脸上。_妈妈在外，我不得不自己做饭。_ A句意：约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。考查with复合结构。根据句意，工作应该是被完成，所以排除B、C两项。with复合结构中，所缺部分作宾补，D项只能作谓语。故选A项。A句意：约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。考查with复合结构。根据句意，工作应该是被完成，所以排除B、C两项。with复合结构中，所缺部分作宾补，D项只能作谓语。故选A项。 B该题应选with，构成“withn
30、.to do”复合结构。 With the windows open, we can feel the cool wind blowing against our face. With Mum out, I have to cook meals on my own.【3】 Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel, who has his arms crossed and looks angry.埃里克坐在床上看着双臂交叉，表情气愤的丹尼尔。has his arms crossed为have/get sth. done 结构，该结构有两层含义：(1) 使某事
31、被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是自己做，也可能让别人做)(2) 遭遇，经历(此事非主语的意愿)Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.你最好把那颗蛀牙拔掉。I must have/get my homework finished first before going out to play.出去玩之前我得把我的作业先做完。He was about to go on a trip and would have his luggage delivered the next day.他即将去旅行，第二天得去托运行李。have sth. to be done
32、 有要做(动作不是主语发出)have sth. to do 有要做(动作由主语发出)have sb./sth. do (将要求已经)做have sb./sth. doing 让一直做The old woman _ her handbag _ on her way home yesterday.那位老妇人昨天在回家的路上被偷了手提包。We _ the machine _ the day before yesterday.我们前天请人把机器修好了。The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up
33、B. picks upC. pick up D. picking upIf you have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs.A. came B. comingC. to come D. having comehad; stolenhad; repairedC句意：导演让她的助理为会议去买一些热狗。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。have sb./sth.后可以接do/doing/done三种形式。本句中her assistant与pick up之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示将来动作，因此用动词原
34、形。而doing表示“动作正在进行”；done表示“被动”，因此排除A、B、D三项。B句意：如果你们让非法移民不断涌入，当地许多工人将会失业。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该句是have sb. doing“让某人一直干某事”结构，故选B项。了解句子成分与词类之间的关系句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。(1)主语(Subject)主语是一个句子所述说的主体。在句子中可以作主语的词有：名词、代词、数词、v.ing分词、 不定式、从句等。 To master a foreign language requires time and effort.掌握一门外语需要花时间和气力的。
35、Never in my life have I heard or seen such a thing.我一生从来未听说也从未见过这种事情。(2)谓语(Predicate)谓语是由一个动词或动词短语构成的，一般在主语之后。This book was first published in 1999. 这本书出版于1999年。They live in the suburbs of Shanghai. 他们住在上海市郊。(3)宾语(Object)宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象。一般在谓语之后。宾语有以下几种：直接宾语：直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、v.ing分
36、词、不定式和从句。I dont know if the news is true. 我不知道这消息是否真实。(从句)间接宾语：有些及物动词根据意义需要有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物。指人的叫间接宾语，一般用人称代词或表示人的名词表示；指物的叫间接宾语。Ill send Charles another ticket. 我会把另一张票送给查尔斯。复合宾语：有些动词除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语合在一起组成的结构，叫做复合宾语。They made him captain of the ship. 他们让他当了船长。 (4)表语(Predictive)表语放
37、在系动词之后，用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态。可作表语的词有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.ing分词、v.ed分词和从句等。I was surprised at the news. 我听到这个消息时很吃惊。(v.ed分词)(5)补语(Object complement)补语又叫宾语补足语，位于宾语之后，用以补足宾语的内容使句子意义完整。可用作补语的词有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、v.ing分词和v.ed分词等。They found the boy in the well. 他们在井里发现了这个男孩。(介词短语)(6)定语(Attribute)修饰名词、代词以及
38、相当于名词的其他词的词、短语或从句，称为定语。可作定语的词有：形容词、代词、数词、名词、所有格、非谓语动词以及从句。This is a glorious but difficult task. 这是一个光荣而艰巨的任务。(形容词)This is the place where he was born. 这是他出生的地方。(从句)(7)状语(Adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语和状语从句以及全句的词、短语或从句称为状语，可位于句首、句中、句尾。作状语的有：副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句。A man is truly happy only when he is useful t
39、o society. 人只有当他对社会有用时，才会真正感到快乐。(副词、从句)Compared with yours, what Ive done leaves much to be improved. 和你相比，我做的事还有待改进。(分词)请指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1. ,He, kept, me, waiting, half a day,.2. ,Last weekend,， I, helped, my grandparents, prepare their trip to Beidaihe,.3. ,The students, who are going to take the courses, have, at least, three years of English learning experiences,. 4. ,What was once regarded as impossible, has now become, a reality,. 5. ,I, will go to, the English Corner, with them, to practice my spoken English,.1主语谓语宾语宾语补足语状语2状语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语3主语定语谓语状语宾语4主语谓语宾语5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语目的状语