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1、,ThemeGallery PowerTemplate,Add Your Company Slogan,病猪皮肤出血充血类传染病,猪皮肤充血或发绀的常见疾病有9种该类疾病包括有：猪瘟、猪副伤寒、猪丹毒、猪肺疫、猪胸膜肺炎、猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征、猪链球菌病、猪附红细胞体病、猪弓形体病。其各自皮肤充血或发绀现象具体分述如下： 猪瘟：常见腹下、四肢内侧等皮薄毛稀处有点状出血或红斑，指压不褪色。 猪副伤寒：通常是在颈部、胸下、腹部、耳尖、尾尖、鼻端和四肢下端等处皮肤呈紫红色，后变蓝色。 猪丹毒：猪丹毒是在胸腹下、股内侧等皮肤较薄处出现红色疱疹，由淡红色逐渐变紫，指压褪色， 猪肺疫：通常表现粘膜发绀，
2、耳根、颈部及下腹等处皮肤发生红斑。 猪胸膜肺炎：一般在发病后期出现心衰和循环障碍，主要表现在鼻、耳、眼以及后躯皮肤发绀。 猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征：临床主要是以断奶仔猪和生长猪，表现皮肤充血，耳、腹下、后腿等部位发紫。 猪链球菌病：发病猪主要是颈、腹和四肢下部皮肤发紫。 猪附红细胞体病：有的病猪皮肤病变体现在四肢特别是耳廓边缘发绀。 猪弓形体病：又名弓浆虫病，皮肤变化表现在耳及体躯下部有淤血。,猪丹毒,猪丹毒病猪的颈部背部皮肤大面积瘀血 猪丹毒是猪丹毒杆菌引起的一种急性热性传染病，其主要特征为高热、急性败血症、皮肤疹块（亚急性）、慢性疣状心内膜炎及皮肤坏死与多发性非化脓性关节炎（慢性）。目前集约
3、化养猪场比较少见，但仍未完全控制。本病呈世界性分布。 【病原】猪丹毒杆菌是一种革兰氏阳性菌，具有明显的形成长丝的倾向。本菌为平直或微弯纤细小杆菌，大小为0.20.4微米0.82.5微米。在病料内的细菌，单在、成对或成丛排列，在白细胞内一般成丛存在，在陈旧的肉汤培养物内和慢性病猪的内心膜疣状物中，多呈长丝状，有时很细。本菌对盐腌、火熏、干燥、腐败和日光等自然环境的抵抗力较强。在病死猪的肝、脾内4159天，毒力仍然强大。露天放置27天的病死猪肝脏，深埋1.5米231天的病猪尸体，12.5%食盐处理并冷藏于4148天的猪肉中，都可以分离到猪丹毒杆菌。在一般消毒药，如2%福尔马林、l%漂白粉、1%氢氧
4、化钠或5%碳酸中很快死亡。对热的抵抗力较弱，肉汤培养物于50经1220分钟，705分钟即可杀死。本菌的耐酸性较强，猪胃内的酸度不能杀死它，因此可经胃而进入肠道。,【流行病学】本病主要发生于架子猪，其他家畜和禽类包括也有病例报告。人也可以感染本病，称为类丹毒。病猪和带菌猪是本病的传染源。约35%50%健康猪的扁桃体和其他淋巴组织中存在此菌。病猪、带菌猪以及其他带菌动物（分泌物、排泄物）排出菌体污染饲料、饮水、土壤、用具和场舍等，经消化道传染给易感猪。本病也可以通过损伤皮肤及蚊、蝇、虱、蝉等吸血昆虫传播。屠宰场、加工场的废料、废水，食堂的残羹，动物性蛋白质饲料（如鱼粉、肉粉等）喂猪常常引起发病。猪
5、丹毒一年四季都有发生，有些地方以炎热多雨季节流行得最盛。本病常为散发性或地方流行性传染，有时也发生暴发性流行。 【临床症状】一般将猪丹毒分为急性败血型、亚急性疹块型和慢性型。急性败血型：此型最为常见，以突然暴发、急性经过和高的病死率为特征。在流行初期有一头或数头猪不表现任何症状而突然死亡，其他猪相继发病。病猪体温达到4243，稽留不退，体弱，不愿走动，躺卧地上，不食，有时呕吐。结膜充血，眼睛清亮。粪便干硬呈栗状，附有粘液。小猪后期有的发生下痢。严重的呼吸增快，粘膜发绀。部分病猪皮肤发生潮红继而发紫，以耳、颈、背等部较为多见。病程短促，可以突然死亡。有些病猪经34天体温降至正常以下而死。病死率8
6、0%左右，不死者转为疹块型或慢性型。哺乳病原：,和刚断乳的小猪发丹毒时，一般突然发病，表现神经症状，抽搐，倒地而死，病程多不超过1天。亚急性疹块型：此型症状比急性型较轻，其特征是皮肤表面出现疹块，俗称“打火印”。病初精神不振，食欲下降，口渴，便秘。体温升高至41以上。通常于发病后23天后在胸、腹、背、肩、四肢等部的皮肤发生疹块，呈方块形、菱形或圆形，稍突起于皮肤表面，大小约一至数厘米，从几个到几十个不等。初期疹块充血，指压褪色；后期淤血，紫蓝色，压之不褪。疹块发生后，体温开始下降，病势减轻，经数日以至旬余，病猪自行康复。慢性型：一般由败血型或疹块型或隐性感染转变而来，也有原发性。常见的有慢性关
7、节炎、慢性心内膜炎和皮肤坏死等几种。慢性关节炎主要表现为四肢关节（腕、跗关节较膝、髋关节最为常见）的炎性肿胀，病腿僵硬、疼痛。以后急性症状消失，而以关节变形为主，呈现一肢或两肢的破行或卧地不起。病猪食欲正常，但生长缓慢，体质虚弱，消瘦。病程数周或数月。慢性心内膜炎主要表现消瘦，贫血，全身衰弱，喜卧，厌走动，强使行走，则举止缓慢，全身摇晃。听诊心脏有杂音，心跳加速、亢进，心律不齐，呼吸急促。此种病猪不能治愈，通常由于心脏麻痹突然倒地死亡。慢性型的猪丹毒有时形成皮肤坏死。常发生于背、肩、耳、蹄和尾等部。局部皮肤肿胀、隆起、坏,死、色黑、干硬、似皮革。逐渐与其下层新生组织分离，犹如一层甲壳。坏死区有
8、时范围很大，可以占整个背部皮肤；有时可在部分耳壳、尾巴、末梢、各蹄壳发生坏死。约经23个月坏死皮肤脱落，遗留一片无毛、色淡的疤痕而愈。如有继发感染，则病情复杂，病程延长。 【病理变化】败血型：主要以急性败血症的全身变化和体表皮肤出现红斑为特征。鼻、唇、耳及腿内侧等处皮肤和可视粘膜呈不同程度的紫红色。全身淋巴结发红肿大，切面多汁，呈浆液性出血性炎症。肺充血、水肿。脾呈樱桃红色，充血、肿大，有“白髓周围红晕”现象。消化道有卡他性或出血性炎症，胃底及幽门部尤其严重，粘膜发生弥漫性出血。十二指肠及空肠前部发生出血性炎症。肾常发生急性出血性肾小球肾炎的变化，体积增大，呈弥漫性暗红色，纵切面皮质部有小红点
9、。疹块型：以皮肤疹块为特征变化。疹块与生前无明显差异。慢性型关节炎：是一种多发性增生性关节炎，关节肿胀，有多量浆液性纤维素性渗出液，粘稠或带红色。后期滑膜绒毛增生肥厚。慢性心内膜炎：为溃疡性或呈椰菜样疣状赘生性心内膜炎。一个或数个瓣膜发炎，多见于二尖瓣膜。它是由肉芽组织和纤维素性凝块组成的。,Click to edit title style,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Conten
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