历届高考试卷分析及迎考复习建议.ppt

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1、能力应用型命题 命出绝活、命出 新意 绝活：不是“偏”、“难”、“怪”； 而是“能力”难，是“入题容 易、深入难”，绝不是简单 的记忆题。 1. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (a, a / a, the) (NMET 97) 命题方向 2. Is _ here? -No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave. (1993-32) A. anybodyB. somebody C. everybody D

2、. nobody 考 语感 由考查“语言形式”过 渡到考查“语言意识” 要拉开考生的区分度 具体由“两点” 来体现 看谁：语言知识丰富； 语言意识强 3. Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. that 学生没有语言经验 怎么样才能培养学生的语言经验？ 谈化课文，重视阅读 教材是“药引子”：只要课文学过了，就不要再重复 ，教材上的东西不考！ 刘道义问：为什么高考命题离教材越来越远？ 命题组秘书：如果你看到了这点说明我们做对了。 高度重视 选取合适的训练材料 培养适应能力 黄土地学外语，听的高 分没把握 变数的适应， 时间

3、的适应。 2001、2002、2003年高考单项填空 题的特点是：“新”、“活”、“用” 建议：少做旧的套题，所选试题要有新意 词义辨析是单项填空与完形填空的“ 失分焦点” 建议：少做分册补漏，（抛开课本）多两条 线归纳词汇“词义线” “语境线” besides except except for except that apart from beside expect but 精讲完后，一定 要Practise as soon as the moment Hardlywhen No sooner than on + v.-ing once see watch notice observe s

4、tare at glance at mind in after past pass across through across cross can may can be able to will shall should ought to must have to need dare dont cant mustnt neednt dont have to have not to ought to have to used to 情+have+p.p. happen 1.(sth) happen 2. (sth) happen to sb. 3. (sb) happen to do 4. 习惯

5、用语 take place hold take the place of in the place of in place as: like: look like be like seem like 注意：1. 备课一定要注意“含金量” 2. 破初中老师给学生立的规矩 Shurly _ a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it. (wrote/ was writing) 3. 以交际习惯为先 Ill _ a bottle of ink for you. (go to buy/ go and

6、 buy) This story _ in 1919. (happened/ took place) 4. 培养“三个意识”：沟通意识（串） 科学猜测意识（猜） 知识迁移的意识（移） 现在没有“超纲”一说，（考试中心不断发出 信息：考试要建立在篇章的意识上） 2001: work out是词典中第7个用法； Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(考试中心说：这是“ 新包装”) 权重 年度 客观性试题主观性试题 听 力 英语知识运用 阅读 理解 写 作 单项 填空 完形 填空 短文 改错 书面 表达

7、 2001301530401025 2002301530401025 2003301530401025 时量20253540 题型分析 题型分析 分类 年份 句 法 手 段 语 用 综 合 单 句 主从宾从表从定从状从 1999 17116321 2000 24246421 2001 1213541 2002 12114312 2003 1315122 单项填空 交际 复 合 句 并 列 句 二层 次 陈述 “覆盖面+综合性+语境化” 2001/ 0.51 2002/0.50 2003/ 0.52 2004/? 抓好词语辨析这个突破口 了解高考对完形填空的要 求 把握命题的设置 一定量的训练

8、1）词性一样； 2）词义非常接近； 3）与形式和结构关系不大； 4）与语意关系重大。 近几年的完形填空的体裁有 变成“夹叙夹议”的文章。 每年的读速在逐年递增 选材要全面 培养良好的阅读习惯 28456067不要忘了科普文章，增加时 事报道，广告说明文。 培养“扫读”、“跳读”、“从后向 前读”、“不一句一句地读”等能 力。 指导6点：topmain ideadetails(分析、深层化 )作者意图词语的正确理解 故事的发展、文章的推理 能力如何形成？ 三种能力：发现错误的能力、分析判 断能力、纠正错误的能力 七个考点：冠词的使用名词复数 介词、连词的作用形容词、副词 的等级动词时态、形态、语

9、态词 语的准确应用句子结构 明白考什么？ 分类复习（发现能力）； 对比指导（判断能力）； 单句入手（练几百句差不多了，再上文章） 综合强化 对策： “必争不让”： “指导性作文”是教育部给这道题 的定性。 “中国式英语”失分最多的结症 要解决“输入量”的问题 不要把重点放在批 改，要放在组织背 诵上，建议采用多“ 面批”的办法。 1. (2001-21) Good morning, Grand Hotel. Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. _. A. What can I do for you

10、?B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter?D. At your service. 交际语用型： 2. (2002-23) You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont say D. didnt say 对情景做出反应 (response)，旨

11、在 单纯检测考生的 语用能力。 以对话为语境依 托，目的却在考 查语法、词法等 。 0.46/ 0.39 (43.2% 选D：听候您的吩咐) 交际综合型： 又如：（2003- 35） - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chanceD. Not at all 又如：（2003-32） - Theres coffee and tea: you can have _. - Thanks. A.either B. ea

12、ch C. one D. it sl esp. AmE (as an answer) no; certainly not: “Please do this for me.” “No way, man: do it yourself!” Longman P.748 3. (1998) They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. sawB. watched C. noticedD. observed 4. (2003-21) Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A

13、. unlessB. sinceC. although D. when 5. (1996) Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a; 不填 B. the; anC. the; theD. 不填; the C/ U? S! 关键点： 检测点： 语境化： 0.11/ 0.49 S = nouns that are special singular nouns and can be used with a or an but not with one. T

14、hey can not be counted, and have no plural form. eg. Have a think about it. have a swim/a talk make an answer From: LONGMAN DICTIONATY 6. (2002-22) Excuse for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. so B. andC. butD. yet 7. (2002-31) We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to

15、_ it. (It might be valuable.) A. hold on toB. keep up with C. turn toD. look after 并列句： 常用连词有：so, and, when, while, or, but等， 其中but的使用频率最高 ，约占75% 8. (2002-26) Jumping out of _ at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A. 不填，theB. 不填，an C. an, anD. the, the 简单句： 两个特点：一是题干趋 于加长，以充分提供语 言环境，二

16、是主要用来 检测非谓语动词。 9. (2003-30) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 10. (1998-25) European football is played in 80 centuries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. makingB. makes C. madeD. to make 又如：_, Angk

17、or Wat is worth visiting, especially after sunset. A. It is said thatB. As is said C. We all knowD. It is well known to all 二层次陈述： 11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001-34) A.ItB. AsC. ThatD. What 两个句子依次而述，其中 一句作为另一句选择项的 语境信息。有时，去除信 息句可能会出现多个答案 。 运用标点手

18、段： 标点符号一般不能创设 语意环境，却能创设语 言的结构环境。 单项填空题：语法选择题 单项填空题虽仍以检测基础知识为主，但那枯 燥的单纯语法和词法检测题已荡然无存，每道题都 设置了一个特定的微型语境，语境成了选择的重要 信息，而（语法）结构形式的满足相对被大大淡化 了。这就意味着对语法、基础词汇等和教学不应该 停留在机械的讲解和操练的层面上，而应该尽可能 地创设不同的语言环境，做到“活教”、“活学”。考 生只有具备了足够的语言经验和语用经验，才能灵 活自如地主宰单项填空题。 1) Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. - Why

19、 _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me （2003-34） 2) A left luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003-30） A. should B. can C. must D. will 3) Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving hi

20、s car. A. must B. can C. need D. may （2002-25） 特点： 题干加长 考点转移 最佳答案 题型分析 调节“阅读理解”难度的手段： 选材 总词量 背景:文化意识 获取信息 设题 2001: (1509+826)2335/ 66.7wpm 2002: (1483+775)2258/ 64.5wpm 2003: (1454+739)2193/62.7wpm 结构: 篇章 语句 内容: 思想内涵 思维空间 词汇: 数量？ 处理能力！ 考查阅读技巧 教学大纲（1993年） ：5060wpm 达到上限 新教学大纲：70wpm (本届高三学生) “无速则无用” 课程

21、标准：（8级）读速未提要求，但对阅读量 要求高：除教材外，课外阅读量应 累计达到36万字。 总词数短文词数试题词数 199516391001638 19961613977636 199717231159564 199818151002813 199922111316895 200024031526876 200123351509826 200222581483775 200321931454739 考试说明建议使用阅读时间：35分钟 2000-C Decision-thinking is not unlike poker -it often matters not only what you

22、think , but also what others think you think what you think they think you think . The mental process(过程 ) is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers . decision-thinking:决策论要求： 用英文读懂有相当思想内涵的东西，不是为了“哈哈笑” 另外，素质教育

23、的需要：英语教学是为了给学生提供广 阔的思维空间 (2) the game theory 以及两种不同的games (3) 关于business decision 的特点 分类 年份 由构词法产生新 词 合 计 两纲不做要求的 生词(短语) 合 计 合 成 词 转 化 词 派 生 词 已注 汉语 的生 词 未注 汉语 的生 词 陌生 的人 名、 地名 1999531826116623 200010333461427849 200173314112301355 台湾对高中学生的词汇量要求？ 7500 词汇量最终决定我们的语言运用水 平！ 老师的当务之急？ 不在数量，而在如何培养学生的处 理词汇的

24、能力。 如何判定“非关键词”或“关键词” (2000-B) treat: 对待、治疗 (The wife) treated (her husband): 招待 （2001-A） Shanghai: Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedan

25、s, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56. The words “deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans ” used in the text refer to _. A.cars in the makingB. car rental firms C. cars for rentD. car makers (2000-A) New York , 10 November 5:27 p.m. ,

26、yesterday . Biggest power failure in the citys history . *Thousands of people got stuck in lifts . Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building . “There were twelve of us . But no one panicked . We passed the time telling stories and playing word ga

27、mes . One man wanted to smoke but we didnt let him . Firemen finally got us out.” * “It was the best night weve ever had.,” said Angela Carraro . who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street . “We had lots candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays . The place was fu

28、ll and all night , in fact , for after we had closed , we let the people stay on and spend the night here.” * The zoos had their problems like everyone else . Keepers worked through the right . They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm . While zoos had problems keeping warm

29、, supermarkets had problems keeping cool . “All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manger of a store in downtown Manhattan . “They were worth $50,0000.” * The big electric clock in the lobby(大厅) of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started(滴答) again at 5:25 this mornin

30、g . It was almost on time. 51. Throughout the period of darkness , Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _. A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened 52In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro ? AShe had a taste of adventure. BBurning candles brightened the pl

31、ace. CBusiness was better than usual. DMany people stayed the night in her restaurant. 53How long did the power failure last? ANearly 12 hours. BMore than 12 hours. CNearly 24 hours. DMore than 24 hours. 影响阅读能力的几个因素： 词汇量：阅读扩大词汇提高阅读能力 识别幅(Recognition Span)(指眼睛注视焦点词的同时，能够吸收该词左右两 边的词的范围) 识别小则容易造成看了后面的却

32、忘记前面的现 象，从而不得不多次回读。以短语、意群、句子甚至段落 为视读单位的扫读训练。 阅读习惯：scan, skim 思想高度集中、避免回视、避免出 声朗读、更不能通过翻译成汉语来帮助理解。 知识面 语言、语法知识 良性循环 难度：2001/ 0.40 2002/ 0.44 2003/ 0.49 2004/? 短文改错 0.45 0.50 之间 技巧： “题按行出，错从句看” 错从文看：考虑行文逻辑 效度/信度：最佳题型 客观题：信度好，但效度不好； 书面表达题：效度好，信度如何？ (1999) The Problem with Television Now I cant watch mu

33、ch television but a few years 86._ ago I was used to watch it every night. I was often 87._ a little tired after a days work and watch TV 88. _ demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 89. _ too many people among my family. Some wanted 90. _ to see the programme while others preferred 91. _ another. I am happy with any programme but 92. _ the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93. _ was no way of settling the matter except by 94. _ selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 95. _ one 91. one /another 0.08/ 0.3