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1、提供全套毕业设计，各专业都有设计说明书题目：固定楔块零件的工艺规程及钻2-M8螺纹孔夹具设计摘 要本次设计内容涉及了机械制造工艺及机床夹具设计、金属切削机床、公差配合与测量等多方面的知识。固定楔块加工工艺规程及钻孔的夹具设计是包括零件加工的工艺设计、工序设计以及专用夹具的设计三部分。在工艺设计中要首先对零件进行分析，了解零件的工艺再设计出毛坯的结构，并选择好零件的加工基准，设计出零件的工艺路线；接着对零件各个工步的工序进行尺寸计算，关键是决定出各个工序的工艺装备及切削用量；然后进行专用夹具的设计，选择设计出夹具的各个组成部件，如定位元件、夹紧元件、引导元件、夹具体与机床的连接部件以及其它部件；
2、计算出夹具定位时产生的定位误差，分析夹具结构的合理性与不足之处，并在以后设计中注意改进。关键词：工艺、工序、切削用量、夹紧、定位、误差。全套图纸，加153893706ABSTRCTThis design content has involved the machine manufacture craft and the engine bed jig design, the metal-cutting machine tool, the common difference coordination and the survey and so on the various knowledge.Th
3、e reduction gear box body components technological process and its the processing hole jig design is includes the components processing the technological design, the working procedure design as well as the unit clamp design three parts. Must first carry on the analysis in the technological design to
4、 the components, understood the components the craft redesigns the semi finished materials the structure, and chooses the good components the processing datum, designs the components the craft route; After that is carrying on the size computation to a components each labor step of working procedure,
5、 the key is decides each working procedure the craft equipment and the cutting specifications; Then carries on the unit clamp the design, the choice designs the jig each composition part, like locates the part, clamps the part, guides the part, to clamp concrete and the engine bed connection part as
6、 well as other parts; Position error which calculates the jig locates when produces, analyzes the jig structure the rationality and the deficiency, and will design in later pays attention to the improvement.Keywords: The craft, the working procedure, the cutting specifications, clamp, the localizati
7、on, the error目录序 言1一 零件的分析21.1零件的作用21.2零件的工艺分析2二. 工艺规程设计42.1确定毛坯的制造形式42.2基面的选择42.3制定工艺路线62.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定82.5 确定切削用量及基本工时8三 夹具设计153.1问题的提出153.2定位基准的选择153.3切削力和夹紧力的计算153.4定位误差分析163.5夹具设计及操作的简要说明17总 结18致 谢20参 考 文 献21Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording t
8、o the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99
9、months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county educ
10、ation practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinio
11、ns and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying
12、forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regula
13、tions , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and
14、wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people
15、honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the uni
16、t is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follo
17、w the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational pr
18、actice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always s
19、peak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open
20、the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, no
21、t as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavio
22、r to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxu
23、ry, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe ce
24、ntral and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The
25、units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and
26、 arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigoro
27、usly promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the i
28、mplementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integr
29、ation of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedur
30、es, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and train
31、ing of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, ac
32、cording to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgr
33、ading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financia
34、l investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.21序 言机械制造业是制造具有一定形状位置和尺寸的零件和产品，并把它们装备成机械装备的行业。机械制造业的产品既可以直接供人们使用，也可以为其它行业的生产提供装备，社会上有着各种各样的机械或机械制造业的产品。我们的生活离不开制造业，因此制造业是国民经济发展的重要
35、行业，是一个国家或地区发展的重要基础及有力支柱。从某中意义上讲，机械制造水平的高低是衡量一个国家国民经济综合实力和科学技术水平的重要指标。固定楔块的加工工艺规程及其钻的夹具设计是在学完了机械制图、机械制造技术基础、机械设计、机械工程材料等进行课程设计之后的下一个教学环节。正确地解决一个零件在加工中的定位，夹紧以及工艺路线安排，工艺尺寸确定等问题，并设计出专用夹具，保证零件的加工质量。本次设计也要培养自己的自学与创新能力。因此本次设计综合性和实践性强、涉及知识面广。所以在设计中既要注意基本概念、基本理论，又要注意生产实践的需要，只有将各种理论与生产实践相结合，才能很好的完成本次设计。本次设计水平
36、有限，其中难免有缺点错误，敬请老师们批评指正。一 零件的分析1.1零件的作用固定楔块的作用，待查1.2零件的工艺分析固定楔块有2个加工面他们相互之间没有任何位置度要求。1：以下端面为基准的加工面，这组加工面主要是钻4-12.5孔。2：以2-12.5孔为基准的加工面，这组加工面主要是铣70mm2端面，铣上顶面，车56内孔，钻66圆周上4-M6螺纹孔和钻顶面上2-M8孔。二. 工艺规程设计2.1确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为HT200，考虑到零件在工作过程中经常受到冲击性载荷，采用这种材料零件的强度也能保证。由于零件成批生产，而且零件的轮廓尺寸不大，选用砂型铸造，采用机械翻砂造型，铸造精度为2级，能
37、保证铸件的尺寸要求，这从提高生产率和保证加工精度上考虑也是应该的。2.2基面的选择粗基准选择应当满足以下要求：（1）粗基准的选择应以加工表面为粗基准。目的是为了保证加工面与不加工面的相互位置关系精度。如果工件上表面上有好几个不需加工的表面，则应选择其中与加工表面的相互位置精度要求较高的表面作为粗基准。以求壁厚均匀、外形对称、少装夹等。（2） 选择加工余量要求均匀的重要表面作为粗基准。例如：机床床身导轨面是其余量要求均匀的重要表面。因而在加工时选择导轨面作为粗基准，加工床身的底面，再以底面作为精基准加工导轨面。这样就能保证均匀地去掉较少的余量，使表层保留而细致的组织，以增加耐磨性。（3） 应选择
38、加工余量最小的表面作为粗基准。这样可以保证该面有足够的加工余量。（4） 应尽可能选择平整、光洁、面积足够大的表面作为粗基准，以保证定位准确夹紧可靠。有浇口、冒口、飞边、毛刺的表面不宜选作粗基准，必要时需经初加工。（5） 粗基准应避免重复使用，因为粗基准的表面大多数是粗糙不规则的。多次使用难以保证表面间的位置精度。基准的选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一，他对零件的生产是非常重要的。先选取下端面作为定位基准，。精基准的选择应满足以下原则：（1）“基准重合”原则 应尽量选择加工表面的设计基准为定位基准，避免基准不重合引起的误差。（2）“基准统一”原则 尽可能在多数工序中采用同一组精基准定位，以保证
39、各表面的位置精度，避免因基准变换产生的误差，简化夹具设计与制造。（3）“自为基准”原则 某些精加工和光整加工工序要求加工余量小而均匀，应选择该加工表面本身为精基准，该表面与其他表面之间的位置精度由先行工序保证。（4）“互为基准”原则 当两个表面相互位置精度及自身尺寸、形状精度都要求较高时，可采用“互为基准”方法，反复加工。（5）所选的精基准 应能保证定位准确、夹紧可靠、夹具简单、操作方便。以已经加工好的12.5孔和一端面为定位精基准，加工其它表面及孔。主要考虑精基准重合的问题，当设计基准与工序基准不重合的时候，应该进行尺寸换算，这在以后还要进行专门的计算，在此不再重复。2.3制定工艺路线制订工
40、艺路线的出发点，应当是使零件的几何形状、尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求能得到合理的保证。在生产纲领已确定为成批生产的条件下，可以考虑采用万能型机床配以专用夹具，并尽量使工序集中在提高生产率。除此以外，还应当考虑经济效果，以便使生产成本尽量降下来。 制定以下两种工艺方案：方案一1铸造铸造2时效处理时效处理3铣铣下端面4钻钻4-12.5孔5铣铣70mm2端面6铣铣上顶面7车车56内孔8钻钻66圆周上4-M6螺纹孔9钻钻顶面上2-M8孔 10钳去毛刺11检验检验12入库入库方案二1铸造铸造2时效处理时效处理3铣铣下端面4铣铣70mm2端面5铣铣上顶面6钻钻4-12.5孔7车车56内孔8钻钻66圆周上4
41、-M6螺纹孔9钻钻顶面上2-M8孔 10钳去毛刺11检验检验12入库入库工艺方案一和方案二的区别在于方案一先加工下端面，然后利用加工好的端面为基准加工底端面上的工艺孔，再利用12.5孔作为定位基准，加工其他端面和孔，工序安排紧凑合理，而方案二采用下端面，上顶面，然后再加工其他的孔，这样不利用定位基准的选择，不能更好的保证加工精度要求和位置度要求。综合考虑我们选择方案一。具体的加工路线如下1铸造铸造2时效处理时效处理3铣铣下端面4钻钻4-12.5孔5铣铣70mm2端面6铣铣上顶面7车车56内孔8钻钻66圆周上4-M6螺纹孔9钻钻顶面上2-M8孔 10钳去毛刺11检验检验12入库入库2.4机械加工
42、余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定固定楔块零件材料为HT200生产类型为大批量生产，采用铸造毛坯。1、 不加工表面毛坯尺寸不加工表面毛坯按照零件图给定尺寸为自由度公差，由铸造可直接获得。2、 固定楔块的端面由于固定楔块端面要与其他接触面接触，查相关资料知余量留2mm比较合适。3、固定楔块的孔毛坯为空心，铸造出孔。孔的精度要求介于IT7IT8之间，参照参数文献，确定工艺尺寸余量为2mm2.5 确定切削用量及基本工时工序：铣下端面 1. 选择刀具刀具选取不重磨损硬质合金端铣刀，刀片采用YG8,，。2. 决定铣削用量1） 决定铣削深度 因为加工余量不大，一次加工完成2） 决定每次进给量及切削速度 根据X
43、51型铣床说明书，其功率为为7.5kw，中等系统刚度。根据表查出 ，则按机床标准选取750当750r/min时按机床标准选取3） 计算工时切削工时：，则机动工时为 工序：钻4-12.5孔机床：Z525立式钻床 刀具：根据机械加工工艺手册表10-61选取高速钢麻花钻12.51)进给量 取f=0.13mm/r2)切削速度V=2434m/min. 取V=15m/min3)确定机床主轴转速ns= 382r/min与382r/min相近的机床转速为400r/min。现选取=400r/min。所以实际切削速度=5) 切削工时，按工艺手册表6.2-1。 t=i ;其中l=60mm; =4mm; =3mm;t
44、= =0.429min工序：铣床70mm两端面1. 选择刀具刀具选取不重磨损硬质合金套式面铣刀，刀片采用YG8,，。2. 决定铣削用量1） 决定铣削深度 因为加工余量不大，一次加工完成2） 决定每次进给量及切削速度 根据X51型铣床说明书，其功率为为7.5kw，中等系统刚度。根据表查出 ，则按机床标准选取750当750r/min时按机床标准选取3） 计算工时切削工时：，则机动工时为工序：铣上顶面1. 选择刀具刀具选取不重磨损硬质合金端铣刀，刀片采用YG8,，。2. 决定铣削用量4） 决定铣削深度 因为加工余量不大，一次加工完成5） 决定每次进给量及切削速度 根据X51型铣床说明书，其功率为为7
45、.5kw，中等系统刚度。根据表查出 ，则按机床标准选取750当750r/min时按机床标准选取6） 计算工时切削工时：，则机动工时为.工序：车56内孔1) 切削深度 单边余量为Z=2mm 2) 进给量 根据机械加工工艺手册取f=0.8mm/r3) 计算切削速度其中：=342, =0.15, =0.35, m=0.2。修正系数见切削手册表1.28,即 =1.44 , =0.8 , =1.04 , =0.81 , =0.97。所以 1.440.81.040.810.97=89m/min 4) 确定机床主轴转速ns= 753r/min与753r/min相近的机床转速为750r/min。现选取=750
46、r/min。所以实际切削速度= 5) 切削工时， t=i ;其中l=25mm; =4mm; =0mm; t=i=x2=0.966(min)工序：钻顶面上2-M8孔选用高速钢锥柄麻花钻（工艺表3.16） 由切削表2.7和工艺表4.216查得 （切削表2.15） 按机床选取 基本工时： min攻螺纹M8mm： 选择M8mm高速钢机用丝锥 等于工件螺纹的螺距，即 按机床选取 基本工时：三 夹具设计为了提高劳动生产率，保证加工质量，降低劳动强度，需要设计专用夹具。由指导老师的分配第9道工序的钻顶面上2-M8孔的钻床夹具。3.1问题的提出 本夹具主要用于钻顶面上2-M8孔，精度要求不高，和其他面没有任何为主度要求，为此，只考虑如何提高生产效率上，精度则不予考虑。3.2定位基准的选择本道工序加工钻顶面上2-M8孔，精度不高，因此我们采用已加工好的56孔定位，采用心轴和挡销定位，端面限制3个自由度，心轴限制2个自由度，挡销限制1个旋转方向的自由度，这样空间的六个自由度就限制完全了，同时采用开口压板压紧工件，因为孔径自身较小，切削力较小，因此不在采用其他的辅助定位，压板的压紧力即可以满足要求。3.3切削力和夹紧力的计算由于本道工序主要完成工艺孔的钻孔加工，钻削力。