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1、贝雷片+钢木组合梁法施工连续刚构箱梁桥0#段托架工法一、前言连续刚构箱梁桥0#段由于其梁段高度最高、一次性砼浇注方量最大，而且由下构施工转为上构施工，需将施工作业面积扩展数倍，施工难度极大。托架作为承受全部荷载的工作平台，必须保证足够的强度和刚度。我公司在总结和吸收各种施工方法的基础上，采用贝雷片+钢木组合梁法施工0#段托架。该方法利用制式器材贝雷片和工字钢组合成承重平台，并通过预埋件锚固在墩身上；底板模板则通过加强弦杆+方木组合结构以伸臂梁的型式支承在工字钢上；梁段标高通过楔块调整。每个0#段只需一次性投入预埋件，其它构件均可重复使用。该技术应用于京福高速公路福建段层溪号特大桥施工中，取得了
2、良好的经济效益；施工技术的先进性受到业主和社会各界的广泛好评，我们将该技术进行总结整理，形成本工法。本工法叙述时以层溪号特大桥0#段托架为例。二、工法特点1、采用贝雷片代替传统三角形型钢或万能杆件桁架，一方面充分利用了高强材料，保证了工程质量；另一方面，降低了施工难度。工字钢则以伸臂梁的形式承受翼缘板相对较小荷载的同时，部分抵消了主跨内的正弯矩。2、通过预埋构件安装贝雷片，取消了支架，解决了高墩和水上作业的施工难题。3、肋木以伸臂梁的型式代替传统简支梁承受上部荷载，减小了跨径，降低了主跨正弯距，从而降低了材料性能要求。并通过模板、钢材和方木三种材料的有效组合，充分发挥了材料的各自性能。三、适用
3、范围适用于铁路、公路悬臂浇筑梁桥的0#段和现浇段施工，尤其在高墩、水上作业或地势陡峭、地基软弱等情况下，具有广泛的适用性。四、施工工艺(一)工艺原理根据荷载最大工程部位的受力分析，布置悬臂梁的间距和伸臂梁的跨径，在此基础上合理选择材料并分配间距，确保强度及刚度满足设计和规范要求；其它工程部位则据此计算材料数量和间距。对于预埋件，则按抗剪强度和局部抗压强度进行检算。(二)托架布置图（见图1）图1 托架布置图(三)施工工艺流程（见图2）(四)施工要点1、预埋钢板安装（1）钢板加工贝雷片弦杆两根槽钢阴头的间距为80mm，考虑安装误差，钢板厚度选用30mm和10mm两种,按230mm+110mm组合，
4、宽度按局部抗剪强度计算确定，长度按局部抗压强度计算确定。预埋钢板在工厂统一加工，重点保证销孔成孔直径为50mm，误差0.5mm。钢板加工完成并检查无误后，采用焊接法在地面将同一销孔的钢板连成整体。焊接时需提前将贝雷销插入销孔内，保证焊连后销孔中心一致、孔径不变。最后将锚固钢筋焊接在钢板尾端。锚固钢筋选用425级钢筋，长度不小于70cm。所有焊缝的长度及高度必须满足规范要求。（2）钢板预埋位置确定平面位置：贝雷片的数量和水平位置根据各工程部位的荷载谱分析确定后，还应与墩身钢筋和墩顶固结精轧螺纹钢位置比较，如有发生冲突，应避开竖向精轧螺纹钢，可适当挪动钢筋或贝雷片位置，严禁任意截断钢筋。预埋钢板的
5、水平位置则与各贝雷片上下弦杆对应。图2 托架施工工艺流程图施工准备墩身模板、钢筋安装预埋钢板安装墩身砼浇筑贝雷片安装型钢安装模板安装托架预压0#段施工拆除托架材料割除钢板堵塞锚固槽标高：对于底板钢板，预埋标高位置主要考虑以下因素：a、型钢高度；b、方木及楔块高度；c、模板厚度；d、线路纵坡；e、挂篮底模及其纵梁、后下横梁必需的作业空间；对于翼缘板钢板，由于其型钢两端直接支承于底板型钢之上，因此其较底板钢板高差正好为底板型钢高度。(3)钢板就位总体施工顺序：先底板，后翼缘板。各部位施工顺序：墩身模板、钢筋安装合格测量放样定出预埋钢板位置模板开孔安装上排两侧定位预埋钢板安装上排其他预埋钢板安装下排
6、两侧定位预埋钢板安装下排其他预埋钢板焊接预埋钢板对拉钢筋施工预留槽。(4)钢板安装质量保证措施定位预埋钢板的标高及水平采取水准仪配合水平尺检查。并以定位钢板的销孔为基准线，挂线安装其他预埋钢板，确保同排钢板在同一水平面上。安装下排钢板时，除准确丈量上下排钢板销孔的间距与贝雷片上下弦杆销孔的间距（1.4m）完全一致外，还应吊锤球检查上下排钢板的垂直度，以确保贝雷片在同一水平面上。全部钢板最终固定前，应进一步用定位杆检查上下排钢板销孔的间距。定位杆选取顺直的角钢按间距1.4m上下焊贝雷销的方法加工而成。将定位杆依次插入上下对应销孔，如无法顺利插入，应及时调整，确保贝雷片安装顺利。根据受力分析，上排
7、钢板承受拉应力，为弥补钢板与砼之间的抗剪强度，在上排对应预埋钢板上加焊425级钢筋，形成相互间的对拉。为确保日后钢板割除不露出砼面，不致于影响墩身外观。预埋钢板紧贴墩身周围采取粘贴泡沫板的方法预留凹槽。为保证作业空间，凹槽深度不小于3cm，凹槽宽度应保证距钢板边不小于10cm。2、贝雷片安装墩身模板拆除且砼达到2530Mpa后，即可安装贝雷片。吊装采用塔式起重机和倒链配合进行。贝雷销打入后，应同时将保险插销插入以防止销子脱落。同侧全部贝雷片安装就位后，安装上下加强弦杆。安装上加强弦杆时需注意将弦杆螺栓孔板置于底面，使连接加强弦杆与桁架弦杆的弦杆螺帽不致外露。最后采用210槽钢按贝雷片间距钻眼，
8、将全部贝雷片栓接于支撑架孔，以增强横向稳定性。3、工字钢安装工字钢直接支承在贝雷片上，工字钢的数量按结构受力分析确定，水平间距则根据上承模板肋木的跨径需要确定。工字钢正式吊装前首先对应每个贝雷片支点处加焊厚度不小于1cm的钢板作为加劲肋。吊装机械设备选用塔式起重机和倒链。吊装按先底板后翼缘板和先内侧后外侧的顺序进行，为保证上承面积，将工字钢两两拼接在一起。为确保工字钢整体受力和抗倾覆稳定性，可采用“骑马螺栓”将工字钢与贝雷片连成一体。“骑马螺栓”的具体作法是：采用直径不小于20的圆钢加工成U形，前端加工螺纹，U形钢的长度和宽度满足将工字钢和贝雷片卡住即可。U形钢筋卡住后，采用厚度不小于20mm
9、的窄钢板两端钻眼穿入U形钢，并用双螺帽反扣于贝雷片上弦杆。4、底模安装考虑施工方便，0#段模板一般选用木模。因此，选用大块方木加工成楔块调整纵坡，布置方向同工字钢。为减少非弹性变形，要求方木材质坚硬且表面平整。为避免失稳，方木应尽量选择规格较大的以减少层数，同时，楔块最小厚度不应小于5cm。底模肋木如全选钢材，受模板强度制约，钢材间距不宜太大，钢材性能不能充分发挥且造成模板难以固定；如采用木材，材料性能难以满足强度、刚度要求。如采用钢木组合成伸臂梁，则克服了上述缺点。施工中注意以下几点：（1）根据箱梁荷载谱，底模肋木宜顺桥向布置；伸臂梁的跨径由荷载最大工程部位的受力分析确定。并根据各工程部位的
10、受力状况，进一步确定钢木数量及间距。（2）选取的型钢和方木的高度应一致，且钢木组合强度和刚度应同时满足规范要求；（3）为便于底模和腹板外模固定，底板最外侧和模板的纵向接缝下应采用方木作为肋木。5、托架拆除托架的拆除按安装的逆序进行。为保证工程质量和加快工程进度，托架拆除一般可以分成三个阶段。（1）0#段砼达到设计强度的70%后，拆除翼缘板托架；（2）0#段砼张拉完成后，视挂篮底模后锚系统高度及必要的操作空间，拆除底模直至工字钢；（3）悬浇段施工到2#段，即挂篮底模系统推移至1#段后，即可进行底板贝雷片拆除和预埋钢板割除作业。最后，采用高标号水泥砂浆将预留槽封闭。五、材料(见表1)表1 托架主要
11、材料数量表序号材料名称规格型号单位数量说 明1贝雷片/上下加强弦杆制式器材片/根24/48数量根据0#段悬臂段及施工荷载重量计算确定2工字钢I36a12m根12用于底板，长度不短于桥面宽度3工字钢I25a12m根12用于翼缘板，长度不短于0#段长度4槽钢106m/4m根4/4用于贝雷片横向连接，长度根据最外侧两片贝雷片距离确定5A3钢板70022030/10块(224/24)焊接成7cm厚钢板作为贝雷片上弦杆预埋件,端部钻250圆孔用以贝雷片和加强弦杆连接6A3钢板50022030/10块(224/24)焊接成7cm厚钢板作为贝雷片下弦杆预埋件, 端部钻250圆孔用以贝雷片和加强弦杆连接7A3
12、钢板厚10mm块若干工字钢与贝雷片支点处加劲肋板8II级钢筋25根若干预埋钢板对拉锚固钢筋9I级钢筋20根若干工字钢与贝雷片支点处“骑马螺栓”10方木2020cm根若干0#段纵坡调整,数量根据贝雷片与模板肋木之间高度和托架宽度确定11方木、加强弦杆高度h=10cm根若干模板肋木,长度根据0#段悬臂段长度确定,根数根据0#段悬臂段荷载重量计算确定六、机具设备(见表2)表2 托架使用主要机具设备表序号材料名称规格型号单位数量说 明1塔式起重机QTZ40台1材料场内垂直及水平运输2倒链2T台2构件调整就位3倒链1T台4构件临时固定4钢筋切断机GQ40台1钢筋加工5钢筋弯曲机GW40台1钢筋加工6钢筋
13、调直机GT4-14CK1钢筋加工7交流电焊机BX1-401台2钢筋、钢材焊接8气割设备套1钢板切除9自动安平水准仪台1钢板定位高程观测七、劳动组织（见表3）表3 托架劳动组织安排表序号作业组主要工作内容人 数技术人员技术工人普通工人1技术组施工组织设计现场技术指导、质量控制及安全检查32测量组托架平面位置及高程测量123钢筋组托架钢筋、钢材加工及安装1224模板组模板制作、安装、调整及拆除1235起重组材料吊装及拆除154八、安全措施1、施工前应制定详细的施工组织设计和高空作业安全保证措施，并对起重、焊接等特殊工种的工人，进行专门的安全操作培训。所有操作人员进行明确分工，并建立岗位责任制。劳动
14、分工尽可能稳定，不准在操作前临时调换工作，以免由于技术不熟练而发生意外事故。2、施工现场悬挂醒目的安全警示牌，禁止非施工人员进场。施工操作人员进入现场时佩戴安全帽，作业时按规定使用劳保用品，高空作业必须系安全带。3、根据起吊重量、高度、回转半径等各项参数，合理选择塔吊。吊装前必须严格检查起重设备各部件的可靠性和安全性，并进行试吊。4、吊装现场严格实行统一指挥。吊装过程中除现场指挥人员外，任何人都不得指挥操作。吊装作业区严禁非工作人员进入，所有人员均不得在起吊和运行的吊物下站立。5、高空作业时，设置防护设施，防止落空坠落。所有多余的物件均全部清除。6、电焊机等应有接地装置，施焊前检查设备和电线是
15、否漏电。九、质量要求1、工程施工所用的各种原材料、机具设备的试验、检验和验收均执行现行的公路施工技术规范和质量验收评定标准。2、托架设计时，不仅强度必须满足结构受力的安全系数不小于2，而且悬臂端的最大弹性变形不宜大于3mm。同时对工字钢等结构性材料的抗倾覆稳定性进行验算。3、墩身砼强度达到25Mpa以上后，托架才能开始安装；墩身砼达到100%设计强度后，才能进行托架预压试验。4、预埋钢板销孔的加工和安装精度作为现场质量控制的重点，横向确保销孔标高在同一水平线上，竖向确保间距与贝雷片的销栓孔对应，且在同一垂直线上。5、托架全部安装完成后，必须按不小于100%施工总荷载对托架进行充分预压，以消除非
16、弹性变形；同时分析整理出托架受力的弹性变形方程，为立模标高提高依据。十、效益分析1、利用制式器材拼装托架平台，加快了材料周转使用，减少了钢材加工量，节约了资源。2、利用高强材料代替普通钢材，光面钢板辅助以螺纹钢筋对拉锚固，提供了安全可靠的施工环境。3、通过预埋件安装托架，避免了地基处理和支架搭设，降低了施工难度，加快了施工进度。4、以京福高速公路福建段层溪号特大桥为例，采用贝雷片+钢木组合伸臂梁作为连续刚构箱梁0#段和现浇段托架，较传统三角形型钢桁架施工0#段和支架法施工现浇段节约工程费用约41.2万元。5、本工法在层溪号特大桥施工过程中，受到了福建省高速公路指挥部和业主的一致好评，并组织全线
17、人员现场观摩，为企业赢得了良好的信誉。十一、工程实例京福高速公路福建段层溪号特大桥全长284.5m，桥型布置为（72.513072.5）米预应力混凝土连续刚构桥，上部结构为单箱单室变高度连续刚构箱梁，采用挂篮悬浇施工。墩身均为矩形薄壁空心墩，最高墩高63m。0#段总长度10m，其中悬臂长度各2.75m；总高度7m。根据受力分析和现场施工条件，贝雷片（上下带加强弦杆）底板每侧布置8片、翼缘板每侧布置4片。贝雷片与墩身预埋钢板栓接。正面、侧面贝雷片上分别铺设6根I36a、I25a工字钢。底板工字钢上垫2020cm方木和楔块以调整标高及线路纵坡，肋木采用加强弦杆和1010方木组成伸臂梁。现浇段长6.
18、5m，梁高3.0m。除上弦杆预埋钢板锚固无法实现对拉，而采取加长锚固钢筋和增设钢筋网片的方法提高抗剪强度外，托架其余施工方法均与0#段相同。全桥0#段、现浇段各四个，托架平均施工周期7天，经精心控制，整体线形平顺，轴线误差小于3mm，标高误差小于2mm。为最终全桥合拢误差仅为9mm创造了良好的开端。56（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of
19、 comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and
20、Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party
21、 rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modi
22、fied the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres ho
23、nest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflec
24、ts the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit o
25、f the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation
26、 and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition
27、, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulatio
28、ns repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to
29、strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other
30、 countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline
31、for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party member
32、s and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of
33、the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of
34、 the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (are
35、a) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved
36、by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the
37、 Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and
38、 October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amend
39、ment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secret
40、ary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the par
41、ty constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party consti
42、tution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general r
43、ules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rule
44、s the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent tradi
45、tional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and disc