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1、2016年高考一轮复习英语时态经典讲座（一）,引言 高考一直侧重对动词各种用法的考查，其中又以考查动词的时态和语态为重中之重。考生要通过特定的语境进行判断，选择使用正确的时态和语态。考生在日常学习中要理解和区别各种时态和语态，注重将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习和运用。 今天我们将把课程标准和高考大纲规定的必考时态，在这里归纳梳理，希望对你们大有帮助。,一般现在时 1表示客观事实或普遍真理（不受时态限制） The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 2. 表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作，且常与usually，always，every day, twic
2、e a week, seldom, sometimes等表频率的时间状语连用。 John sometimes sits up very late. 约翰有时很晚才睡。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们经常互帮互助。,3表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。 I know what you mean. 我明白你的意
3、思。 Smith owns a car and a house. Smith有车和房子。 4. 如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.如果明天下雨，我将不去那儿。,【高考链接】 Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturday.（2012安徽卷33） A. keeps B. keep C
4、. have kept D. had kept 【解析】选 A。考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意为：沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一，它的一些商店从周一至周六二十四小时营业。keep在此处意为“使，使得”。根据句意可知，此句是表示一般客观情况，应该使用一般现在时；由于主语是Walmart，谓语应该用单数，故选择A项。,“Life is like walking in the snow“, Granny used to say, “because every step .” （2012全国卷I 23） A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 【解析】
5、选 C。考查时态。根据Life is like walking in the snow可知，后半句应用一般现在时。所以选C。句意：祖母过去经常说：“人生就像在雪地里行走，因为每一步都能显现出来”。,一般过去时 1. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。（往往暗示现在“已不再这样”。） 它一般与yesterday，just now，last week，ago等时间状语连用；也可与由when等连词引导的时间状语从句一起使用（或有上下文语境暗示）； She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend. 昨晚她和她的男
6、友一起去看电影。 When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there 当我在乡下时，经常去拜访那里的老朋友。,2表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 Sorry，I didnt know you were here不好意思，我不知道你在这。（现在已经知道）,【高考链接】 kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. （2012，重庆，22） A. will take
7、 B. took C. had taken D. take 【解析】选 B。考查时态。句意为：Kevin，你看起很着急。有什么事吗？嗯，我刚刚参加了一场考试，现在正在等结果。由句意“我现在正在等结果”可知，参加考试是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。will take是一般将来时；took是一般过去时；had taken 是过去完成时，表示的是发生在过去某个动作之前的动作；take是一般现在时。故选B。,After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. （2012山东卷 28） A. had started B. ha
8、s started C. started D. starts 【解析】选 C。考查时态。句意为：杰克发送了一些电子邮件后，开始从事于他的方案。After引导时间状语从句，意为在之后，从句的动作发生在主句之前。在本题中，从句用了过去完成时，因此主句中发生的动作应该在过去完成时之后，故用一般过去时，故选C。,一般将来时 1.“will do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼将会死。 2.“be going to+动词原形”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外，还可以表示说话人根据已
9、有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。 They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。,3.“be about to+动词原形”表示“即将”，因此，它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。 The English evening is about to start英语晚会即将开始。 4.“be to+动词原形”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等”。 Theres to be a slide show this afternoon. 今天下午要放幻灯片。 You are to hand in your p
10、apers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。,5. 有些动词例如：go，come，begin，leave，arrivereturn，take等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。 Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 星期天我要去西藏。,【高考链接 北京22 】 1. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting 【解析】选 C。考查时态。句意为：到你读完这本
11、书的时候，你的饭菜就会凉了。by the time引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用的是现在完成时，说明主从句的动作是发生在将来的动作，主句应用将来时。,【高考链接 湖南卷 25】 2. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 【解析】 选 C。考查时态。句意为：关上通往恐惧的门之后，你会很快地看到通往信心的大 门。本句考查固定句式：do sth. and you will “做某事，就会
12、”。C项一般将来时；符合题意。A项为一般过去时；B项现在完成时； D项现在进行时。,过去将来时 过去将来时一般由 “助动词would(第二、三人称)/should(第一人称)+动词原形“构成。 1、表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。 I thought they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。 2、表示过去的某种习惯行为 He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常坐几个钟
13、头什么事也不做。 He would come to see us on Sundays.过去星期天他经常来看望我们。,3、过去将来时的其它表达法 （1）was/were going to 表示过去的打算和意图 He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期开始工作。(打算) 表示没有实现的打算和意图 He was going to come last night, but it rained. 他打算昨晚来，但下雨了。(没实现) I thought the film was going to be interesting. 我想这部电
14、影会很有趣的。(结果不是),（2）was/were to+动词原形 这种结构通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。 At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life. ( 注定要发生的事情)那时他不知道辞职将会成为他生活的转折点。 She said she was to take up the position. (表示打算)他说他打算上任。 She said she was to have taken up t
15、he position. ( 计划但未能实现) 他说他本打算上任。,（3）was/were about to动词原形 was/were about to动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。 The meeting was about to be held when the light went out. 会议就要举行这是灯灭了。 （4）表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情。 I didnt know you were coming.我不知道你会来。,【高考链接 山东卷 34 】 The manager was
16、concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 【解析】选 D。考查时态。句意为：听说两个他信任的工人要离开，经理很忧虑。leave意为“离开”，是表示趋向的动词，用在将来时中时要用be leaving来表示，一般不用will/would leave；根据时态可知用过去将来时，故选D。,现在进行时 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作，由“be+现在分词”构成。 What are you doing? 你
17、在干什么？ He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他目前在教英语，也在学中文。 2. 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天她要去北京。,1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. - You _ something. A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left 2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time
18、 to help you with your math. - Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write,4. He _ at the mee
19、ting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak 5. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself. A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to 6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had
20、 time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working 8. - What _ when I phoned you? - I _ my work, and I wanted to go out. A. have you done
21、; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished 9. - Have you finished the report? - No. I _ it all this week. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing 10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing,