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1、,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。 如： Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit. 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。,October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was fou
2、nded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。,2非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如： a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Zhe rong, where I live, is beautiful.,Teach
3、ers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Zherong , where I live, is b
4、eautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略,非限制性定语从句,The town where I live is beautiful. Zherong, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,能否省略,3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句
5、的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。 eg. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。 析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。,eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all th
6、e people present. 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。,4.as 引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,wh
7、ich,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的限制性定语从句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we
8、all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),5、除which外,还可用when, where, who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。 例如: After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 毕业后,我决定留在重
9、庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。,6.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 eg.This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的女孩。 先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。 eg.A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。 先行词a new girl friend在非限制性定
10、语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom。,7. 比较： a) She has two brothers who are working in the city. She has more than two brothers. 她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。 b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. She has only two brothers. 她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。,下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。 a) He will wear no clothes which will make him d
11、ifferent from others. 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。,8.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,