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1、专题六 词汇运用 热点考点透视 近几年中考对词汇的考查重点是：名词的复数及所有格的用法；序数词的构成及用法；形容词、副词的用法及其比较级、最高级的用法；人称代词主格和宾格的用法；名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法；动词的各种时态和语态。考查方式一般有四种：1.单词拼写；2.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空；3.用方框内所给选项的适当形式填空；4.根据首字母完成短文。,方法技巧点拨 这个题型，主要考查单词的拼写形式。在做题时，首先要读懂题意，再按要求填写恰当的词性和词形。题型除了考查学生的基本功之外，还要求学生注意其涉及到的语法现象。,典题分类讲练 类型1 补全单词 做此类题目首先要正确地写出
2、所给汉语注释所对应的英语词汇，然后再从语法的角度来确定词汇的正确形式。如果所填的是名词，要注意名词的单复数形式；若是动词，则要考虑其时态和语态；如果所填的是形容词、副词，就要考虑其比较等级的形式。 【例1】The girl _(花费)a lot of time collecting stamps last year. 【解析】句意为：“去年这个女孩在收集邮票上花了许多时间”。故用spend 的过去式形式。 【答案】spent,随堂演练 1.（2011浙江金华）Whos _(高)，Lucy or Lily? 答案：taller 2.（2011贵州铜仁）Would you mind _(重说)yo
3、ur suggestions? I didnt hear it clearly. 答案： repeating 3.（2011广西桂林） Do you know what the p_of China is now? Its over 1.3 billion. 答案： population,4.（2011山东烟台）If there were more trees on the earth，there would be l_ pollution. 答案： less 5.（2011山东泰安）Youd better keep your v_ down when talking in public. 答
4、案： voice 6.（2011山东济宁）Let me _(描述)how it happened. 答案： describe,类型2 词类转换 解此类题目，应着重从语法角度考虑。如是名词，一般考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。形容词和副词，这两类学生极其容易混淆，做题时要仔细分析，慎重选择究竟用哪一种词，并且要考虑它们的比较等级。若是动词，则要首先考虑其语态(主动和被动)和时态(八大时态)；其次是动词的变化形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。若是数词，则要根据语境确定用基数词还是序数词。如是代词，则要考虑人称代词的主格和宾格、名词性和形容词性的物主代词、反身代词；还要考
5、虑所用词的单复数。,B.（2011辽宁沈阳）阅读短文，然后用短文括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 Believe it or not: the more TV you watch，the 1._ (little) happi- ness you get.This is the result of a new study.It shows that unhappy people watch more TV than happy people. Well，you may say that you enjoy 2._ (watch ) TV.In fact, TV gives you happiness
6、 for a short time,but unhappiness for a long time. Why? It is because，if you watch TV，you cannot take part in many other good 3._(activity)And sometimes，if you are unhappy,you 4._ (usual) prefer being a couch potato(整天坐在沙发上看电视的人)，right? Watching TV is relaxing to you. Then if you want to be happy，wh
7、at should you do? You can read newspapers，visit 5._ (you) friends，go to parties, .but dont watch television all the time.Now turn off the TV，and take a walk outside.Its the 6._ (one) step to being happy!,less,watching,activities,usually,your,first,类型3 根据短文中的首字母填空 此类题型除了要结合前面两种技巧外，还要考虑整篇文章的文意。 【例3】 根
8、据短文内容填入适当的单词，使短文的意思完整。每格限填写一个英语单词，要求开头第一个字母与所给的字母相同。 All around the world，people drink tea.But tea does not 1.m_ the same thing to 2.e_.In different countries people have very different 3.i_ about drinking tea.,In China people always have tea 4.t_ with their friends.They may drink tea at any time of
9、 the day.They only put tea leaves in their cups.They 5.p_ the tea with 6.n_ else in it. Tea is also 7.i_ in Japan.It is very 8.p_there. People drink tea every day.But they have it in a way different from that in China. In the USA people drink tea at breakfast or after 9.m_. They usually use tea bags
10、 to make their tea.Making tea with bags is faster and 10.e_than making it with tea leaves in teapots.,【解析】本题属于限词填空题。它将短文中若干个词抽出时留下该词的第一个字母作为提示和限制，要求根据短文的意思和首字母将单词拼写完整。解题时先跳过空格，通读全文。根据首句的意思，很快就能推测出本文的主题是关于茶文化的，不同的国家喝茶的时间和方式各不相同。理清文章的脉络和大意后再认真复读短文，利用空格所给的首字母提示结合上下文的内容，先确定所填词的意义，再考虑其正确的形式。比如第4空所在的句子，其内
11、容是：在中国人们总是和朋友(一起)喝茶。,根据句子意思加上空格上所给首字母t的提示，很容易判定所填的词为together。再比如第7空和第8空所在的两个句子，讲的是日本人喝茶的情况。根据后面的句子“日本人每天都喝茶”，可以反推茶在日本既重要又普及，再根据这两空所给的首字母i和p的提示，可以确定该填的词为important和popular。第9空填入meal时应考虑其复数形式。第10空填入easy时要考虑用其比较级，因为空格后有“than”提示了这是一个比较等级的句子。 【答案】1.mean 2.everyone 3.ideas 4.together 5.prefer 6.nothing 7.i
12、mportant 8.popular 9.meals 10.easier,A.（2011江苏徐州）根据短文内容和所给的首字母，写出短文中所缺的单词，使短文完整、合乎情景。 Hi everyone，Ive been in Xuzhou for over a week now.Im having a 1.g_ time.During the first 2.f_ days I visited some tourist attractions Yunlong Lake，Yunlong Hill，Guishan Han Tomb(汉墓)，etc. Most 3.p_ were crowded with
13、 tourists，so yesterday I went shopping and I 4.b_ some souvenirs.Today I went to an interesting art gallery.I got lost on my 5.w_ back to the hotel，but it didnt matter I found a really good market 6.w_ lots of small shops.I ate in the hotel the first night，but usually I go out and have dinner in a r
14、estaurant 7.b_ the food is fantastic.Ive 8.s_ a lot of money，but its certainly worth it.I like people in Xuzhou.They are 9.s_ nice people! Ive taken many photos so youll be able to see10. f_ yourself when I come back home next Wednesday.See you then! 答案：1.good 2.few 3.places 4.bought 5.way 6with 7.b
15、ecause 8.spent 9.such 10.for,B.（2011江苏南京）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 As we know，museums are building where many valuable and important objects are kept so that people can go and see them.For example，art museums are places where people can learn about 1.v_ cultures.More and more popular “design museums” tha
16、t are opening today，however，perform quite a different role.2.U_ most art museums，the design museum shows objects that are easily found in our daily life，such as fridges and washing machines.,The 3.a_ of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits(展品)Being diff
17、erent from the art museum visitors，design museum visitors 4.s_ feel frig- htened or puzzled.This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why massproducts(批量产品) work and look as they do，and how design has 5.i_ the quality of our lives.Art museum exhibits，on the other hand，would most pro
18、bably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something 6.b_ their understanding.,Several new design museums have opened their doors in 7.r_ years.Each of these museums has tried to satisfy(满足) the publics growing interest in the field with new 8.i_.Londons Design Museum,for example,shows a colle
19、ction of massproduced objects from electric typewriters to a group of Italian fishtins.The choices open to design museums seem 9.f_ less strict than those to art museums,and visitors may also sense(感觉到) the humorous part of our society while walking around such exhibits as interesting and unusually attractive toys 10.c_ from our everyday life.,答案：1.various 2.Unlike 3.advantage 4.seldom 5.improved 6.beyond 7.recent 8.ideas 9far 10.collected 温馨提示：请用活页作业,