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1、1,宾语从句,2,什么叫宾语？,宾语就是位于及物动词或介词之后的名词性结构，包括名词，代词等等。 1）I like apples. 2 ) They are talking about me. 判断一个词是不是宾语，首先要看它是不是跟在及物动词或介词后面；其次要看它是不是名词或代词。,3,一、宾语从句,宾语从句就是将原本位于及物动词或介词后面的名词或代词换成一个简单句。 I like apples. I like (that you get my gift ) . 括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓宾”结构，它是整个句子充当及物动词like的宾语。,4,简单句：They are
2、 talking about me. 宾语从句： They are talking about （who newly come to our class）. 括号内的那一个简单句就叫做宾语从句，而且它是“主谓”结构，它是整个句子充当及介词 about的宾语。,5,二、宾语从句三要素,连 接 词,时 态,语 序,6,（一）连接词,1.that 2.whether/if 3.连接代词 who whom whose what which 4. 连接副词when why where how。,7,当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导,that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。结构式为：主语+及物
3、动词+that+从句，例如： 合并句子： He could finish his work before supper. He said. He said that he could finish his work before supper,8,当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导，意为“是否”,结构式为：主语+及物动词+if/whether +从句 合并句子：Does he still lives here after so many years? I dont know. I dont know if whether he still lives here after
4、 so many years,9,只能用whether的情况,1、具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether。 合并句子：1) Will he come or not? Let me know. Let me know whether he will come or not,10,2、介词之后用whether,合并句子： 1）Does he like English? I am interested. Im interested in whether he likes English 2) Can we finish the work on t
5、ime? We are thinking. Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time,11,不定式前用whether,I dont know whether to go He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train,12,whether置于句首时，不能换用if,Whether this is true or not，I cant say,13,If 与whether 的区别,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care
6、 of _ he is handsome. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether,14,如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导,Please tell him. Which class are you in . 宾语从句： Please tell him which class you are in . What does sh
7、e like most? Do you know? 宾语从句：Do you know what she likes most?,15,He asked me. Whom was I waiting for? 宾语从句：he asked me whom I was waiting for. Whose advice should I take? I cant decide. 宾语从句：I cant decide whose advice I should take.,16,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, wh
8、y引导的宾语从句,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,17,（二）语序,宾语从句复合句的无论主句或从句都可以是陈述句，也可以是疑问句。但无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。陈述句语序就是“主语在前，动词在后”(史称:主前动后)。陈述句语序的常见正确表达式为: a 主语+动词 b 主语+
9、助动词(has/have)或情态动词+实义动词,18,Can you tell me where you were born? (you是主语，were是动词，主前动后，满足表达式a,) Can you tell me where were you born?,19,判断从句是否是陈述句语序的小技巧：,把从句单独拿出来，如果构成合乎语法规范的疑问句，如一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，那这个语序必定不是陈述句语序。 1、She told me that would she like to go with us. 从句 would she like to go with us, 加上一个问号，就是完整的特
10、殊疑问句，那它就是疑问句语序，而不是陈述句语序。正确说法应为：She told me that she would like to go with us.,20,2、Miss Green didnt tell us where did she live in 2008. 从句where did she live in 2008,加一个句号，就是完整的特殊疑问句，那它就是疑问句语序，不是陈述句语序。正确的说法应为：Mr Green didnt tell us where she lived in 2008.,21,（三 ） 时态(时态一致性） 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根
11、据具体情况来确定，可以是 _时态。 I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow. Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?,任 何,22,2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. so
12、on.,过去,23,3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 _ 时态。例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.,一般现在,24,三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换,1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 I hope that I can receive your e-mail. I hopeto receive your e-mail.,25,2、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，
13、且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。 eg: She doesnt know what she should do next. She doesnt know_. 3、当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可 简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 eg: Will you please show me how I can work it out? Will you please show me _. 4、当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb.
14、 (not) to do sth 结构。 eg: Please be quiet. What did Bill say? He asked us to be quiet.,what to do next,how to work it out,26,简化宾语从句常用方法,方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
15、We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.,27,方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.,28,方法三: 当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾
16、语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。 I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.,29,四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓 语动词是think， believe, guess, supp
17、ose等时，要将从句的否定 词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动 词用肯定式。 eg: I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (6) I dont believe he has finished the work, _? (7) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。,has he,didnt he,3
18、0,Do you know _? A. where does she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live 2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will do,C,B,巩固练习：,I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。,31,4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find
19、_? what Lily was B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily,C,3.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. if he lives here,C,32,5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.,A. took B. take C. takes D. wil
20、l take,6 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.,A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled,A,C,33,7. Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. which,A,8. Could you tell me _?,A. when will they leave Beijing,B. when would they leave Beijing,C. wh
21、en they will leave Beijing,D. when did they leave Beijing,C,34,II.改错：,1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,_,Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.,2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,_,Father told me the sun always rises in the east.,3.He doesnt know that when she
22、can come back.,_,He doesnt know when she can come back.,35,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear he _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 19
23、48. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,36
24、,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you te
25、ll me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,37,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.
26、” Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will say at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,38,6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?”
27、 Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,39,宾 语 从 句 小 结,一.结构 1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构:主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分 2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分 3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分 二主从时态关系 主句 从句 一般现在时 一般过去时 3.(特殊):任何时态 (客观、自然现象) 三.语序：陈述语序,时态不变,时态相应变化,一般现在时,40,Goodbye!,