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1、英 文 摘 要 的 写 法,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineerin
2、g,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,为了了解专业期刊对写作风格的规定，Kirkman随机抽查了500份医学和生物学英文期刊的“作者须知”，统计表明，82
3、的期刊没有文风方面的规定；在18给出文体规定的“作者须知”中，有13.8%期刊就人称、语态等方面的表达提请作者参照相关的体例手册或教材，3.8的期刊规定了论文中各部分的人称变化情况，只有0.4的期刊要求使用非第一人称和被动语态。此外，为确保能够进行（双盲）形式的同行评议，有12种期刊（2.4）告诫作者在稿件中不要使用可识别作者身份的自引（如“In our earlier work”）,或其他有关可识别出作者所在单位的信息，但并不排斥使用第一人称和主动语态。 可见，为简洁、清楚地表达研究成果，在论文摘要的撰写中不应刻意回避第一作者和主动语态。,化工专业英语 Special English for
4、 Chemical Engineering,不同摘要类型举例： 3.1 报道性摘要 来源：The p21 CDK-interacting protein CIP1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.Harper J W, et al. Cell, 1993, 75(4): 805-816, 截至2002年底，总共被引3247次。 The cylin-dependent kinase Cdk2 associates with cylins A, D, and E has been implicated in the cont
5、rol of the G1 to S phase transition in mammals. To identify potential Cdk2 regulators, we have employed an improved two-hybrid system to isolate human genes encoding Cdk-interacting proteins (Cips). CIP1 encodes a novel 21 kD protein that is found in cuylin A, cylin D1, cyclin E, and Cdk2 immunoprec
6、ipitates. P21CIP1 is a potent, tight-binding inhibitor of Cdks and can inhibit the phosphorylation of Rb by cylin A-Cdk2, cylcin E-Cdk2, cyclin D1-Cdk4, and cyclin D2-Cdk4 complexes. Cotransfection experiments indicate that CIP1 and SV40T antigen function in a mutually antagonistic manner to control
7、 cell cycle progression.,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,3.2 指示性摘要 来源：Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Carmeliet P. Nature Medicine, 2000,6(4), 389-395. 截至2002年底，总共被引290次。 Endothelial and smooth muscle cells interact with each other to form new blood vessels. In this re
8、view, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of endothelium-lined channels (angiogenesis) and their maturation via recruitment of smooth muscle cells (arteriogenesis) during physiological and pathological conditions are summarized, alongside with possible therapeutic applicti
9、ons.,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,3.3 报道指示性摘要 来源：Density-functional thermochemistry. The role of exact exchange.Becke A D. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1993, 98(7):5648-5652。截至2002年底，总共被引7966次。 Despite the remarkable thermochemical accuracy of Kohn-Sham density-functional theories
10、 with gradient corrections for exchange-correlationsee, for example, A D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 2155(1992), we believe that further improvements are unlikely unless exact-change information is considered. Arguments to support this view are presented, and a semiempirical exchange-correlation func
11、tional containing local-spin-density, gradient, and exact-exchange terms is tested on 56 atomization energies, 42 ionization potentials, 8 proton affinities, and 10 total atomic energies of first-and second-row systems. This functional performs significantly better than previous functionals with gra
12、dient corrections only, and fits experimental atomization energies with an impressively small average absolute deviation of 2.4 kcal/mol.,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,3.4 结构性摘要 来源：Effect of Atovastatin on Early Recurrent Ischemic Events in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Schwartz G G, e
13、t al. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association, 2001, 285(13), 1711-1718.截至2002年底，总共被引159次。 Context Patients experience the highest rate of death and recurrent ischemic events during the early period after an acute coronary syndrome, but it is not known whether early initiation of treatment
14、with a statin can reduce the occurrence of these early events. Objective To determine whether treatment with atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, initiated 24 to 96 hours after an acute coronary syndrome, reduces death and nonfatal is chemic events. Design and Setting A randomized, double-blind trial conducted fr
15、om May 1997 to September 1999, with follow-up through 16 weeks at 122 clinical centers in Europe, North America, South Africa, and Australasia. Patient A total of 3086 adults aged 18 years or older with unstable angina or non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction.,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical En
16、gineering,Interventions Patients were stratified by center and randomly assigned to receive treatment with atorvastatin (80mg/d) or matching placebo between 24 and 96 hours after hospital admission. Main Outcome Measures Primary end point event defined as death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction,
17、 cardiac arrest with resuscitation, or recurrent symptomatic myocardial ischemic with objective evidence and requiring emergency rehospitalization. Results A primary end point event occurred in 228 patients (14.8%) in the atorvastatin group and 269 patients (17.4%) in the placebo group (relative ris
18、k RR, 0.84%; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.70-1.0; p=0.048). There were no significant differences in risk of death, non fatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest between the atorvastin group and the placebo group, although the atorvastatin group had a lower risk of symptomatic ischemic with ob
19、jective evidence and requiring emergency rehospitalization (6.2% vs 8.4%; RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.95; p=0.02). Likewise, there were no significant differences between the atorvastatin group and the placebo group in the incidence of secondary outcomes of coronary revascularization procedures, worsen
20、ing heart failure, or worsening angina, although there were fewer strokes in the Conclusion Four patients with acute coronary syndrome, lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, reduces recurrent ischemic events in the first 16 weeks, mostly recurrent symptomatic ischemia requiring rehospitalization.,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,化工专业英语 Special English for Chemical Engineering,