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1、高考基础语法复习,构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生,一、合成,由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。 1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ,2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunbu
2、rn 3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand .,一、合成,二、转化:,动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) cl
3、ean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.,由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.,三、派生：,1.表示否定意义的前缀,dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- an
4、tiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的),由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。,2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside, 2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn,5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward 6)
5、 over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import,2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀,under-, 表示“在下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(
6、上坡),1re-“又,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super“在上；加之” superman, supermarket,3.表示其他意义的前缀:,Practice (I):,从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.,book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty,reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free,Pract
7、ice (II):,rain(形容词) _ agree(反义)_ nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_ recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_ hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_ visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _ eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_ America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese
8、,Practice (III):,Fill in the blanks with proper words.,With the (1)_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the p
9、roblem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _ to their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _ is
10、 caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.,development,and,of,by,out,factor,harm,but,pollution,against,