《食品专业英语课件（带翻译）.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《食品专业英语课件（带翻译）.ppt（37页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,本部分教学内容,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acids,20种常见的蛋白质氨基酸,Isoleucine 异亮氨酸(Ile,I),Serine 丝氨酸(Ser,S),Threonine 苏氨酸(Thr,T),Proline 脯氨酸(Pro,P),Lysine 赖氨酸(Lys,K),Aspartic acid 天冬氨酸(Asp,D),Glutamic acid 谷氨酸(Glu,E),Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acid
2、s,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Hydrolysate n.水解产物 Racemic adj. 外消旋的 Isomer n. 异构体 Acylase n.酰基转移酶 Deregulate n.解除管制 Auxotrophic adj. 营养缺陷型的，营养缺陷体的 Intermediate adj. 中间的 n.媒介，中间物 Eliminate v.排除，消除 Analogue n.相似物，类似情况，对等的人 Revertant n. adj. 回复子(的)，回复突变型(的),Lesson 3 Amino acids,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Amino acids are pro
3、duced using a range of technologies including direct fermentation, biotransformation of precursors using cells or enzymes, extraction of protein hydrolysates and chemical synthesis. They have a variety of uses as nutrients and flavours in the food and feed industries.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.1,Par
4、t 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acids,a range of 一系列的，很多的 1. a range of fruit-flavoured toppings （蛋糕上的各种果味配料） 2. Control of a range of food related microorganisms by a multi-parameter preservation system （利用多参数保藏系统控制一系列食品相关微生物） a variety of 多种的，各种各样的 1. a variety of food is sold at a supermarket （超级市场各
5、式各样的食物均有出售） 2. a new variety of apples（苹果的新品种） A series of 一系列，许多,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Table 1 indicates the annual demand, production methods and applications of amino acids in the food industry. Important amino acids with non-food applications include L-arginine, L-gludtamine, L-histidine, L-leucine,
6、L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-valine.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.1,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,While fermentation or biotransformation processes have been developed for production of all amino acids except glycine, L-cysteine and L-cystine, not all of these processes are commercially viable. L-asparagine, L
7、-leucine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and L-cystine are produced by purification of protein hydrolysates.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.2,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Chemical synthesis is more economical for production of optically-inactive racemic mixtures of D- and L-isomers, and D, L-alanine,D,L-methionine, D, L-tr
8、yptophan and glycine are produced in this way. Processing involving amino acylase enzymes may be used to resolve these racemic mixtures.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.2,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Microbial strains from the genera Croynebacterium and Brevibacterium have assumed major importance in the production o
9、f amino acids by fermentation. Natural isolates of these strains can excrete large quantities of glutamic acid. Because of cell metabolic regulatory mechanisms, particularly end-prodcut repression and inhibition, substantial levels of amino acids are rarely excreted by wild-type isolates.,Lesson 3 A
10、mino acids,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Production of commercial quantities of the amino acids has been dependent on the successful development of deregulated mutants. The two most important methods involve use of auxotrophic and regulatory mutants or a combination of the two.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.3
11、,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Auxotrophic mutants, which lack the enzyme needed to form the regulatory effector metabolite (often the end-product), many accumulate and excrete the metabolic intermediate which is the substrate for the eliminated enzyme. A lysine auxotroph, for example, lacks an enzyme in the pat
12、hway necessary for lysine synthesis and requires lysine, or a metabolic precursor which can be converted to lysine, for growth.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,End-product inhibition by the amino acid product of an unbranched biosynthetic pathway may be avoided by the development of reg
13、ulatory mutants, having an altered feedback-insensitive key enzyme, thus allowing accumulation of the particular amino acid.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Analogues of the end-product, which are also capable of inhibition of the sensitive key enzyme, may be used in screening methods f
14、or selection of analogue-resistant or regulatory mutants. Revertants may be selected from auxotrophic mutants (apparently lacking the key regulatory enzyme) which produce a modified deregulated enzyme.,Lesson 3 Amino acids,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acids,1. 熟练掌握20种常见的氨基酸的英文单词 2. Indicat
15、e, show等的用法 3. 掌握相关构词法。如： optically-inactive 无光学活性的 end-product 终产物 wide-type 野生型的 analogue-resistant 类似物抑制,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 3 Amino acids,071班翻译 Reading Material 1 072班翻译 Reading Material 2 注意： 1、请按段落进行翻译。即每一段英文对应每一段中文。 2、作业下周四交。,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
16、,coagulum n. 凝结物，凝固物 lactose n. 乳糖 stir v. 搅拌 Lactobacillus n. 乳酸杆菌 Bulgaricus n. 保加利亚乳杆菌 Streptococcus n. 链球菌 Thermmophilus n. 嗜热链球菌 Stimulating adj. 刺激的，有刺激的 Casein n. 干酪素，酪蛋白 Sodium n. 钠 Flora n. 区系 Intestinal adj. 肠的，肠内的，（疾病）侵袭肠的,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,You have 5 minutes t
17、o read Paragraph 1,and then answer the following questions: 1.What does “this fermented dairy product” mean? 2. What does “the aforementioned cultures” refer to?,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Yogurt,the starter culture contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
18、,Yogurt is another well-known fermented dairy product that forms an important part of the human diet in many parts of the world. In the United States alone, 1979 sales figures indicated that more than 565 million pounds of this fermented dairy product were sold.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.1,P
19、art 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Depending on the system of manufacture and the nature of the coagulum, yogurts may be classified as being of two main types, set or stirred. Two lactose-fermenting bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, are used as the starter culture to make yogurt. Equal
20、 numbers of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus are desirable for flavor and texture production.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.1,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,classify v. 1）将（某事物）编排、分类；2）将某人（事物）归类 习惯表达方式： be classified (by/according to) classify sb./sth. (as sth.),Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,e.g. 1)Yogurt may
21、 be classified set and stirred according to the system of manufacture and the nature of the coagulum. 2)They are classified in sorts.(它们是按品种分类的。),Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,starter culture 发酵剂 e.g. Study on High Activity Lyophilized Starter Culture of Yoghurt（高活性酸奶冻干发酵剂的研究 ）,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,leave
22、n n. 酵母, 促使渐变的因素 vt. 使发酵, 渐变 【医】 发酵剂, 曲,同义词,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,The lactobacilli grow first, liberating the amino acids glycine and histidine and stimulating the growth of streptococci. The production of the characteristic flavor by the aforementioned culture is a function of time as well as the sugar
23、content of the starting yogurt material.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.1,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Commercially, yogurt is made from a mix of whole, partially defatted milk; condensed skim milk; cream; and nonfat dry milk. Milk fat levels in such preparations range from 1.0% to 3.25%. Only products conta
24、ining a minimum of 3.25% milk fat are labeled yogurt. Those with 0.5% to 2.0% or less than 0.5% milk fat are labeled low-fat and nonfat yogurts, respectively.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.2,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,a minimum of 至少，最低，最起码 e.g. 1.He smoke a minimum of ten cigarettes a day. （他每天至少抽10支烟。）
25、2. Are ample exercise and a minimum of food measures for cancer prevention?(充足的锻炼和少量的食物可以防癌吗？),Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,a maximum of /less than /at most,近义词,more than 多于，高于 ；at least，至少,反义词,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,In addition to milk fat, other milk ingredients are found in yogurt. These include casein
26、, sodium and calcium caseinates, whey, and whey protein concentrates. Additives of several kinds are also permitted in commercially produced yogurt, such as nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners, coloring, stabilizers ( for smooth texture and longer shelf life), and fruit preparations for flavoring.,Les
27、son 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.2,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Fruit preparations for blending in yogurt are specially designed to meet the marketing requirements for different types of yogurt. The types most commonly marketed include the sundae style (fruit preserves are layered on the bottom of containers) and
28、 the Swiss style (fruit preparations are thoroughly blended in yogurt after culturing).,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.2,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,The product is prepared by reducing the water content of either whole or skim milk by at least one fourth (may be done in a vacuum pan following sterilization
29、of milk), by adding about 5% milk solids followed by water reduction (condensing). The concentrated milk is then heated to 82-93 for 30-60minutes and cooled to around 45.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.3,either,or,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,The yogurt starter is now added at a level of around 2% by volume
30、and incubated at 45 for 3-5 hours followed by cooling to 5 . The titratable acidity of a good finished product is around 0.85-0.9%, and to get this amount of acidity the fermenting product should be removed from 45 when the titratable acidity is around 0.65-0.7%.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.3,
31、Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,“大约”的几种表达方法 at a level of around/around about e.g. The yield was reduced by about 5 percent. The yield was reduced to 95 percent. approximate,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Good yogurt keeps well at 5 for 1-2 weeks. The coccus grows first during the fermentation follo
32、wed by the rod, so that after around 3 hours, the numbers of the two organisms should be approximately equal.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Higher amounts of acidity, such as 4%, can be achieved by allowing the product to ferment longer, with the effect that the rods will exce
33、ed the cocci in number. The streptococci tend to be inhibited at pH values of 4.2-4.4, whereas the lactobacilli can tolerate pH values in the 3.5-3.8 range.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.3,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,Yogurt and other cultured dairy foods are excellent sources of high-quality protein and ce
34、rtain B-complex vitamins and minerals. In addition to the nutritional importance of yogurt, it has been found to be of value in maintaining a balance in the intestinal microbial flora.,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Para.4,Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读,1、掌握有关酸奶知识的固定表达短语和句子. （ fermented dairy product发酵乳制品 ， starter culture 发酵剂， skim milk 脱脂乳，dry milk,奶粉， milk solids 牛奶固形物the concentrated milk炼乳 ） 2、能熟练掌握“大约”（a minimum/maximum of），“classify” ,“culture”等的用法。 3、掌握描述试验过程的英文撰写手法。,Lesson 4 Yogurt Fermentation,Thank you for your cooperation!,