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1、动词与动词短语,2014高考英语语法复习专项 之四,1动词短语为主，动词为辅 在近几年所考查的动词与动词短语的题中，考查动词短语的占多数。 2考查动词的词义辨析 包括常见动词用法辨析，近义词辨析，词形相近词辨析，用法相近词辨析。 3考查动词短语辨析 主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词短语的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词的考查，出现频率较高的词有：get，turn，make，put，go，give，break，cut，come，look，keep，bring，show，pick，hold，fall，carr
2、y，pull，catch，call，take等。 技巧点拨： 动词与动词短语的考查实际上是词汇知识与语言环境的考查，因此我们要注意以下两个问题： 1熟记考试大纲词汇的意义与用法 分析近几年的高考试题，我们发现，尽管动词与动词短语的考查非常丰富，但是万变不离其宗，都没有脱离考试大纲，因此对考试大纲中动词与其短语的熟练掌握是我们解决问题的关键。在动词与短语单项填空题中我们出错的原因大部分是对其意义掌握不全面。 2分析语言环境，做到对症下药 在搞明白了各选项的意义后，我们要充分分析题干，然后依据题干所含的语境确定选项。,动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的
3、重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用。其考点主要涉及以下几个方面： 1. 考查动词的词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析，近义词辨析，词形相近词辨析等。 2. 考查动词的搭配形式。如：动词与名词的搭配，动词与介词、副词的搭配等。 3. 考查动词短语辨析。主要包括同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析、 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词副词介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词的考查，出现频率较高的词有：get, turn, make, put, go, give, break, cut, co
4、me, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pull, catch, call, take等。 4. 考查系动词。动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。 2012年除了要重视动词的基本考点外，还要重视以下几个方面的难点： 1. 易
5、混的基础动词及其词组。 2. 与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法。 3. 部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法。,【解析】 B 句意：我可以忍受房子不整洁，但是如果不干净的话我会厌恶。考查动词短语辨析。put up with忍受。come up with想出；turn to转向，求助于，翻到；stick to坚持。,1. 2011课标全国卷 I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. Acome up with Bput up with Cturn to Dstick to,2. 2011课标全国卷 William fou
6、nd it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to _. Adisappear Bfall Cfail Ddamage,【解析】 C 句意：威廉发现阅读越来越难，因为他的视力开始衰退。考查动词的词义区别。fail在这里表达“（指健康）衰退，变弱”，符合题意。disappear消失；fall落下；damage损坏，毁掉。,3.2011陕西卷 Some insects _the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. Atake in Btak
7、e off Ctake on Dtake out,【解析】 C 句意：有些昆虫呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色，目的是保护自己。考查动词短语辨析。四个选项的意思分别如下：A欺骗，吸收；B脱掉，起飞，成功；C呈现；D拿出。因此选择C项。,4.2011全国卷 Mary, I _John of his promise to help you. Atold Breminded Cwarned Dadvised,【解析】 B 句意：玛丽，我已经提醒过约翰他答应过帮你的事情。考查动词搭配。tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事； remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事； warn sb
8、. of sth.警告某人关于某事；advise sb. to to sth.建议某人做某事。故选B。,5.2011湖北卷 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _our thinking. Adirect Blimit Cchange Dimprove,【解析】 B 句意：我们要想成功，知识和学习是很重要的，但它们也可能限制我们的思考。考查动词词义辨析。direct指导；limit限制；change改变；improve改进。由but可知，前后意义上是转折关系，故选
9、B项。,6.2011湖北卷 The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never _ with criminals.” Anegotiate Bquarrel Cargue Dconsult,【解析】 A 句意：部长说：“我们准备和任何合法政党开展商讨，但决不会与罪犯谈判。” 考查动词词义辨析。negotiate谈判；quarrel争吵；argue辩论；consult咨询。根据句意应选A项。,11.2011天津卷 I_ a bank account after I made
10、1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation. Aborrowed Bopened Centered Dordered 【解析】 B 考查动词词义。open a bank account意为“开了一个银行账户”。句意为：暑假期间，我做兼职挣了1 000美元之后，就开了一个银行账户。borrow借；enter进入；order定购，命令。,12.2011辽宁卷 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre_ to be asleep. A. supposed B. known C. thou
11、ght D. considered 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。根据句意“汤姆，你不在床上在干什么？你_在睡觉。”四个选项分别意为“应该”、“被认识，被作为”、“被考虑”与“被考虑为”，由句意可知答案为A。,13.2011福建卷 Id prefer to_ my judgement until I find all the evidence. A. show B. express C. pass D. reserve 【解析】 D 本题考查动词辨析。根据语境“我在找到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断。”可知选D。,14.2011安徽卷 As the story_， the truth ab
12、out the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins Bhappens C. ends D. develops 【解析】 D 考查动词辨析。句意为：随着故事的发展，关于那个奇怪的人物的真相慢慢地被发现了。空白处应填develop，表示“发展”。,15.2011辽宁卷 You are old enough to_ your own living. Awin B. gain C. take D. earn 【解析】 D 本题考查动词辨析。earn ones living的意思是“自谋生计”，符合句意“你已经足够成熟了，应该自谋生计了”。,16
13、.2011四川卷 I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet. Alook up Blook at Clook for Dlook into 【解析】 A 本题考查动词短语。look up意为“（在词典、参考书等中）查找，查阅”，故选A。B意为“看”；C意为“寻找”；D意为“调查”。,17.2011天津卷 She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. Aturned down
14、Bdealt with Ctook after Dcame across 【解析】 D 考查动词短语辨析。come across偶然遇到。句意为：昨天她在商场购物时偶然遇到了一位老朋友。turn down拒绝；deal with处理；take after 长得像；都不符合语境。,18.2011江苏卷 You look upset. Whats the matter? I had my proposal_ again. A. turned over B. turned on C. turned off D. turned down 【解析】 D 考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“移交”；B项意为“打开
15、”；C项意为“关闭”；D项意为“拒绝”。根据句意“你看上去很悲伤。出什么事了？”“我的提议又被拒绝了。”可知选D项。,19.2011浙江卷 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to，but I suppose Ill just have to _it. Amake the best of Bget away from Ckeep an eye on Dcatch up with 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：这所学校不是我原本想要读的，但我想我不得不好好利用。make the best of表示“好好利用”；get away f
16、rom表示“逃离”；keep an eye on表示“监视，关注”；catch up with表示“赶上，跟上”。,1.The news has _ that an earthquake will arrive before daybreak. Agot out Bgot round Cgot up Dgot away,【解析】 1. B “消息传开了：地震在天亮之前到来。”get round在这里的意思“（消息）传开”。,2.Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _ in the last six months. Aadded Bjum
17、ped Craised Dgathered,【解析】 B jump在这里是“上升”的意思，相当于rise。A、C均有一定干扰性。add意思是“增添”，指把某物（数）加到某物（数）上。raise也有“提高”的意思，但raise是及物动词，因此应该用被动语态have been raised。,3. When my grandpa was young, he had to _ several miles a day to school since he had no money to take a bus. Acover Btake Cget Dmake,【解析】 A 语意：我爷爷年轻的时候，他不得
18、不每天走几英里到学校，因为他没有钱乘公共汽车。cover意为“行走（一段路程）”，符合语意。,4. Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music. Acalled in Bcalled on Ccalled out Dcalled up,【解析】 D “当你听一首特别的歌或一段音乐时，旧的回忆经常被勾起来。”call up意思是“征召（服役）；召唤；传（讯）；使人想起；提出（议案等）；打电话给”；call on 意思是“号召，呼吁，请求，约请”；call in 有“召集，召来，招请；收回
19、，来访”等意。call out 有“出动，唤起，引起，大声叫出来”等意。,5. Thats a lovely dress. Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I dont _ the color. Ainterest in Bcare for Cplease with Dfond of,【解析】 B care for 在这里是“喜欢”的意思。也可以用be interested in，be pleased with, be fond of, 因此其他答案不正确。,6. The folk song concert
20、 was so well _ that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day. Aaccepted Brecognized Creceived Dpromised,【解析】 C receive在这里是“对作出反应”。A有一定干扰性，accept表示主观接受某物，因此不合题意。,7. The square is so large that hundreds of cars can park there and still leaves room to _. Aspare Bspend Cstore Dsave,【解析】 A 句意：广
21、场非常大，成百上千辆车停在那里，还有地方空出来。spare在这里是“空出，抽出（时间）”等；spend 意思是“花费”，store “储存”，save“节省”，因此A项正确。,8. John _ almost all of his records to his friends, but he still had a very few left. Aput away Bset aside Cturned in Dgave away,【解析】 D 句意：约翰几乎把他所有的唱片都馈赠给了他的朋友们，但他还剩一些。put away 把收拾起来放好；set aside 搁置一边；turn in 上交，交
22、还；give away 赠送。结合题意，此处选用gave away。,9. He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to_ what they said about his latest book. Ahear of Bsee to Clook up Dfind out,【解析】 D find out查清，弄明白；hear of听说；see to 处理，应付；look up查寻（单词等），参考，因此D项正确。,10. The womans skirt was too long. She had to _. Alet it o
23、ut Btake it in Clet it in Dtake it out,【解析】 B take in 有“改小，欺骗”的意思。如 This coat needs to be taken in a bit。let out 有“释放，泄露”等意思；let in 意思“让（某人）进来”；take out 有“取走，取出”的意思，因此其他答案不合题意。,11. It is required that all traffic participants should _ the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster. Aperform Bobs
24、erve Csupport Dpossess 【解析】 B 考查动词词义辨析。此处observe the traffic rules是固定表达，意为“遵守交通法规”，据此选B项。,12. We _ to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry. A. manage Btend Cintend Dattempt 【解析】 B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们匆忙做事的时候，我们常常会犯错误。 manage意为“管理；成功做”；tend意为“常常；倾向于”；intend意为“打算”；attempt意为“企图”。根据句意选B项。,13. For most
25、Americans, their 18th birthday _ the end of one part of their life and beginning of another. Apredicts Btells Cmarks Dsigns 【解析】 C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数美国人来说，他们的18岁生日标志着一部分生活的结束和另一部分生活的开始。此处mark意为“标志”。,14. The new policy will _ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge. Adiscoun
26、t Bsupport Capprove Dbenefit 【解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费，这将使老人们很受益。benefit意为“使受益，对有用”，符合语境。,15. After _ the luggage at the railway station, we left for the exhibition hall in a taxi. Aclaiming Bdemanding Cdeserving Dobtaining 【解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在火车站认领过行李后，我们乘出租车去了展览大厅。此处claim表示“认领”。后三项分别表
27、示“要求”、“值得”、“获得”，都不符合语境。,16. Would you mind repeating that? I didnt quite _. A. catch on Bmake up Cfind out Dtake over 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你介意再重复一遍吗？我不太明白。catch on意为“理解；明白”；make up意为“组成；编造”；find out意为“找出；查明”；take over意为“接管”。根据句意选A项。,17. Many children are _ in the countryside when their parents flood i
28、nto the cities for jobs. Aleft behind Bleft off Cleft aside Dleft out 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多父母涌入城市找工作而把孩子留在乡下。leave behind意为“把留下”，符合语境。leave off意为“中断，停止（做某事）”；leave aside意为“搁置一边”；leave out意为“不包括，不提及”。,18. His first baby was born soon after he got married, which seemed to have _ his sense of responsib
29、ility. A. brought down Bbrought out Cturned down Dturned out 【解析】 B 考查动词短语辨析。bring out意为“使显示出来”。句意为：婚后不久他的第一个孩子就出生了，这好像使他的责任感显现了出来。bring down意为“打垮，击败”；turn down意为“调低，拒绝”；turn out意为“结果是，证明是”。,19.I believe it is the only solution to this problem. Thats debatable, I think. I can _ five other solutions
30、that are as good as that. Acome up with Bmake up with Clive up to Dkeep up with 【解析】 A 考查动词短语辨析。come up with意为“提出，想出”；make up with意为“和重归于好”；live up to意为“达到，符合，不辜负”；keep up with意为“赶上，跟上”。根据题干内容可知，A项符合语意，即“我可以想出五种和那个一样好的解决方法”。,一、动词分类一览表,二、动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨
31、异及不同短语的辨异。 动词短语构成一览表：,【考点一】考查助动词的用法 助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have (has, had), do (does, did), will (would), shall (should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 （1）助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法,（2）助动词have (has, had)的用法,（ 3）助动词do (does, did) 的用法,【考点二】常考的变化类系动词辨析,【考点三】
32、考查主动形式表被动意义的用法 1. 感官动词 feel, look, smell, sound, taste 无被动形式。 Cotton feels soft. The flowers smell sweet. His coat feels very soft and smooth. Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2. need, want, require, deserve(应得/值得), be worth, not bear(经不住) 其后跟非谓语动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名
33、词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。 The book is worth reading. These young seedlings require/need/want looking after (= require/need/want to be looked after) carefully. The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned.,3.不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语+系动词+形容词+不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, comfortab
34、le, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive, etc.)，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do. (=Its easy to do the work.) 4.有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。 1) take place, happen, break out等。 A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 2)介词形式表示被动 “be + under +名词(repair/ trea
35、tment/ question): 表示某事“在进行中”。 The building is under construction. The whole matter is under discussion(=is being discussed).,5. to do 形式表示被动 -a. 在某些固定句型中 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 2）It（This, That）beaanadj. n. to do 3）There be n. to do 4）n. beadj. to do 5）n. betooadj. to do 6）n. be adj. enough to
36、do I have much work to do. There is a lot of work to do. Give him some books to read. This book is too difficult to understand. The tree is too tall to climb. Would you like something to drink? It is easy to learn English. English is easy to learn. b. 某些动词, 如to blame（责备）用主动式表被动意义。 Who is to blame fo
37、r starting the fire?,(6)一些常见的动词如cut，drive，drink,keep, number, open，pay, prove，read，sell, wash，wear，weigh，write 也常用主动形式表示被动意义： sell /wash/clean/burn/cook +等连用, 描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。 cant /wont lock /shut /open /act /write/cut /wear The door wont open.这门打不开。 It cant move.它不能动。 The matter will k
38、eep until morning. The dictionary sells for 50 yuan. The book sells well. The pen writes quite smoothly. My new pen writes well. This meat cuts easily. These clothes wash easily.,动词和动词短语,一些常用行为动词的用法比较,1lay和lie,He lied to me that he had finished his homework. 他向我撒谎说完成作业了。 He laid the baby on the bed.
39、 他把婴儿放在床上。,2arise，rise和raise,The river has risen by several metres. 河水上涨了好几米。 Its difficult raising a family on a small income. 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。,3hang的用法,He hung his clothes on the wall. 他把衣服挂在墙上。 The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged. 杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。,4可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的常用动词 accuse(控告)，chea
40、t(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)， rob(抢劫)，warn(警告) This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片使我想起了学校生活。 The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding. 5可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.” 的常用动词 blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢
41、) Forgive me for saying so，but I think thats nonsense. 原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。 I dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。,【考点四】考查易混短语的用法 动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。 1. Agree短语 sb. agree with sb.某人同意某人的话/意见 sth. agree with sb. 某物/某事适应某人 agree to the plan/decision/arrangement 同意计划/决定/安排 agree
42、 on sth. 就达成共识 agree to do sth. 同意干某事 2. Break短语 break away (from)（与）脱离；改掉（习惯） break down（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；分解（强调化学变化） break in/into 闯入 break off折断；断绝 break out （fire, disease, war, etc.）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战争等） break up 打碎；分裂；分解(强调化学变化),3. Bring短语 bring about 引起，造成；实现 bring back 拿回/使回忆起来 bring down 使倒
43、下；降低 bring in挣得；介绍引进 bring on 引起, 导致 bring out 揭示，揭露 bring .to light 揭露； 使了解到 bring up 抚养；呕吐 4. Call短语 call at + sp.拜访某地 call on/upon +sb. 访问，拜访某人 call for 要求；需要 call in 召集；请来 call off取消 call up打电话；令人想起 5. Carry短语 carry on 进行；进行下去 carry out贯彻，执行 carry through 顺利完成，顺利实现,6. Come短语 come about 发生；造成 com
44、e across偶遇 come along 加油/快点/进展/进行 come on 快点 come into effect(force)生效 come to oneself 苏醒过来 come into being 形成；产生 come into power开始执政 come out 出来；出版；结果 come around/round 恢复知觉；绕道而来 come up 靠近；被提到；发生 come up with 提出（主意，计划等） 7. Cut短语 cut down 砍倒；削减 cut in （on）插嘴；插入 cut off 切断； 断绝 cut up 切碎 cut through
45、抄近路走过； 刺穿,8. Get短语 get up 起床 get away 离开 get down to 开始认真考虑 get down 击落；记下 get in到达；收获 get off 下车；脱下 get out 出去，离开；泄露 get over克服 get through 接通电话；用完；做完；通过 get along/on(with) 融洽相处；进展 9. Give短语 give away泄露；出卖 give in让步，投降；交上 give off 发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等) give up 放弃(念头、希望等) give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)；用尽，精疲力竭 10. Go
46、短语 go against 反对； 违反； 不利于 go down下降 go by (从旁)走过；顺便走访 go off 离开；爆炸 go with伴随；与相配 go in for 参加；爱好 go over (对进行)仔细检查；润色；复习 go through仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过,11. Keep短语 keep an eye on 注意；监视 keep away from 不让接近 keep back阻止；隐瞒 keep down 镇压；保留 keep in mind 记住 keep on 继续 keep up with跟上；不落后 keep to 遵循；坚持 keep in touch with与保持联系 keep .to oneself 对守口如瓶 12. Look短语 look ahead 向前看；着眼未来 look after 照顾，照看 look back 回头看；回顾 look around 四处看 look down upon 看不起；轻视 look out 小心；当心 look on 旁观；观望 look into 调查 look through 浏