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1、.重点单词识记1civilization /sIvlaIzeIn/ n文明2found /fand/ vt.兴建，创建3pour /p(r)/ vi.涌流，倾泻；vt.倒出(液体)4disaster /dIzst(r)/ n灾难5commercial /kml/ adj.商业的，贸易的6ruin /ruIn/ n废墟；毁坏；vt.破坏，毁灭7beneath /bIni/ prep.在之下8material /mtIrIl/ n材料；物质；adj.物质的9ceremony /sermnI/ n仪式，典礼10march /mt/ vi.&n.前进，进发；游行11ahead /hed/ adv.(时
2、间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先12corrupt /krpt/ vt.使腐化，使堕落；adj.贪污的，腐败的13trial /traIl/ n审讯，审理；试验；考验14unfortunate /nftnt/ adj.不幸的，遗憾的unfortunately adv.不幸地，遗憾地，可惜地15decorate /dekreIt/ vt.装饰，装潢decoration n装饰；装饰品16destroy /dIstrI/ vt.毁坏，摧毁destruction n毁灭，摧毁17wealthy /welI/ adj.富有的，富裕的wealth n财富；财产18cultural /kltrl/ ad
3、j.文化的culture n文化 19remains /rImeInz/ n遗物，遗迹，遗骸remain v保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留remaining adj.剩余的20explode /Ikspld/ vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸，爆裂21extreme /Ikstrim/ adj.极度的；极端的extremely adv.极其；极端；非常22complain /kmpleIn/ vi.抱怨complaint n抱怨，埋怨；投诉23solution /slun/ n解决办法，解答solve vt.解决；解答24expression /Ikspren/ n表达；表情，神色；词语ex
4、press vt.表示；表达；n.快车；速递25declare /dIkle(r)/ vt.宣布，宣称declaration n宣布，宣告，宣言26memorial /mmrIl/ n纪念碑，纪念馆；adj.纪念的memory n记忆；记忆力；回忆27educate /edkeIt/ vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家28aware /we(r)/ adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的awareness n意识；认识；知道unaware adj.没意识到，不知道，未察觉29judge /dd/
5、 n法官，审判员；裁判员；v.断定；判断；判决judgement n判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决30poison /pIzn/ n毒药，毒物；vt.毒害，下毒poisonous adj.有毒的.重点短语识记1take over夺取；接管，接替，接任2be decorated with被装饰3cut down砍倒；削减；删节4in good condition状况良好；情况很好5take place发生；举行6declare war against/on.对宣战7in memory of纪念8no doubt无疑，确实9rise up against起义，反抗10stand in ones
6、path阻碍某人11stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事12come down with患(病)13think of.as.把看作；认为是14have had enough of.受够了，对已厌烦透了15take sb.to court把某人告上法庭.经典原句默写与背诵1We are in Italy now，and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.我们现在在意大利，明天将游览庞贝。2Near the city was a volcano.城市附近有一座火山。3It turns out that after the ash cove
7、red the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。4It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.人们相信，它是在公元200年到公元400年之间被风沙渐渐覆盖了。5
8、The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sandwhat a pity!这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，那导致楼兰这座城市被沙尘埋葬多遗憾啊！1As a judge，he has good judgement and never judges (judge) a person by his appearance.2The young teacher has received a goo
9、d education，that is to say，he is well educated (educate)3He was unfortunate (fortunate) enough to lose his job just after his wife had a baby.4The night view of Shanghai，whose beauty is beyond expression (express)，attracts tourists all over the world.5He left as a poor，workingclass boy but returned
10、as a wealthy (wealth) man.6Their house was completely destroyed (毁坏) in the earthquake and they became homeless.7Hearing the gun，the thief got over the wall and fled (逃跑) away.8When the headmaster declared (宣布) the sports meeting open，all the students applauded loudly.9Most teenagers are not well aw
11、are (意识到的) of the danger of playing computer games.10We held a party on Christmas Eve at a hall decorated (装饰) with colourful balloons and flowers.1fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在方面运气好fortune n.机会，运气；财富；命运；际遇make a fortune发财；致富seek/try ones fortune碰运气He was extremely fort
12、unate to survive.他能活下来真是万幸。He was unfortunate to lose in the final round.他不幸在最后一轮输了。夯实基础用fortune的适当形式填空(1)Dont leave that to fortune.(2)Central London is fortunate in having so many large parks and open spaces.(3)Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes，fortunately no one was hurt.2flee from
13、从逃走flee the responsibility逃避责任The family fled from the burning house.那家人从燃烧的房子里逃出来了。He fled his hometown during the war.战争期间他逃离了家乡。夯实基础翻译句子小偷们已经逃离了这个城市，所以对于警察来说逮捕他们将会很难。The thieves have already fled the city，so it is difficult for the police to arrest them.3in ruins毁坏；成为废墟fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎brin
14、g.to ruin使失败；使毁坏Heavy smoking ruined his health.过度吸烟损害了他的健康。The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。夯实基础用ruin的适当形式填空(1)Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined.(2)It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.(3)This country was once proud of its educ
15、ation system.Now it seems to be in ruins.4beyond expression无法形容without expression毫无表情give expression to表达；表现；把表达出来express oneself表达自己的意思However，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.但是一些课文里生词和短语太多，这对我们来说有点难。(2012辽宁书面表达)特别提醒(1)express表示“表达，表示”等，习惯上不接双宾语，可用exp
16、ress sth.to sb.。(2)express后一般不接that从句，但可接疑问词引导的从句。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)She was beautiful beyond expression.(2)He looked at me without expression.5be/become aware of知道；明白；意识到be made aware of sth.使知道，使清楚as far as Im aware就我所知Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat?你知道你坐在我的帽子上了吗？夯实基础Ordinary woman thoug
17、h she is，she tries every means to make people aware of(使人们意识到) the importance of the environment conservation.6on the basis of在基础上base vt.以为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在；以为基础；n.根基，基底；底座；根据，出发点；基础base.on/upon.把建立在；以为根据be based on/upon以为根据(基础)basic adj.基础的；基本的The basis of a good marriage is trust.美满婚姻的基础是信赖。Actua
18、lly，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。One should always base his opinion on facts.人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。夯实基础用base的适当形式填空(1)Youll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.(2)Were going to be meeting there on a regular basis.(3)Basing an important decision more on
19、 emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.7 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth.or decide a result of sth.)judge sb./sth.(to be).判断某人(事)judging from/by.根据判断in ones judgement依某人看来Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。夯实基
20、础 同义句改写In my judgement，all of them are to blame.(1)In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion短语改写句子)(2)As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern短语改写句子).单项填空1What are you mailing，Ryan?A textbook a new method of teaching physics.I want my friends to take a look at it.Ais based
21、on Bbased onCbasing upon Dwhich based upon答案B解析形容词短语based on a new method.作后置定语修饰a textbook。将D 项改为which is based upon也对。2 the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club.ATo judge by BJudged fromCJudge by DJudging from答案D解析考查固定短语judging from/by.“根据判断”。.选词填空1At this rate，the fore
22、st will be completely destroyed within the next 30 years.2The expression on his face told me that he was angry.3She slipped away without his being aware of it.汉译英1 遗憾的是当我用现金付我买的鞋子的账时，我发现我的手袋没了。(unfortunately)(2012湖南书面表达)Unfortunately when I want to pay for my shoes in cash，I found my handbag gone.2
23、在九月十号下午，我们中的一些人用纸花和气球装饰我们的教室。(decorate)(2012陕西书面表达)On the afternoon of September 10，some of us decorated our classroom with paper flowers and balloons.3除此之外，我还擅长表达自己。(express) (2010天津书面表达)Besides this，I am good at expressing myself.3 我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(2010大纲全国书面表达)Im writing to
24、invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.1After the death of Michael Jackson，some famous musicians held a concert in memory of him.2Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.3He is running for chairman of the board.He is determined t
25、o defeat anyone who stands in his path.4Mary came down with a bad cold and had to see a doctor.5The people of the whole country rose up against the invaders and drove the enemy out of their country.6Who will take over now that Tom has resigned?1take apart拆散，拆开take along带一起去take away拿走take back取回；归还t
26、ake on雇用，承担，呈现take off(飞机)起飞；突然开始成功；开始走红；脱(衣服等)；休假take in接受，接待，吸收，理解，包括，轻信，注意到，欺骗Was it in 1948 that the government took over the railway in Great Britain?英国政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？夯实基础用take短语填空(1)Im sorry I take back what I said.(2)The child was taken away from school.(3)The manager will take on a new secr
27、etary.(4)Its going to rain; youd better take along a raincoat with you.(5)I hear the business is really taking off.2have a good/bad memory for.对记忆力好/差in favor of支持in terms of就而言，在方面in praise of赞扬in charge of负责in need of需要in place of代替She has a good memory for dates.她对日期有很好的记忆力。She set up a charitabl
28、e fund in memory of her father.她设立了一项慈善基金以纪念她父亲。夯实基础用上述短语填空(1)Some people are in favor of reform，while others are against it.(2)The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.(3)The poem is in praise of her virtues.(4)Well make a new director in place of him.(5)The gift to the Isra
29、el museum is being made in memory of Michael Bromberg.3in doubt怀疑，未确定beyond doubt无疑的without doubt必定make no doubt对毫不怀疑Hes made some great movies.Theres no doubt about it.他拍了一些非常出色的影片。这一点是毫无疑问的。特别提醒doubt后接宾语从句时，若主句为肯定句，则从句用 if 或 whether 连接；若主句为否定句或疑问句则从句用 that 连接。doubt作名词，主句为肯定句时后接whether引导的同位语从句；主句为否
30、定句时后接that引导的同位语从句。夯实基础I doubt hell change his mind.Athat BwhetherCwhat D/答案B4come up with想出，拿出(办法)come off it闭嘴；别胡说了come about发生,come to总计；被想起come across被传达、理解，偶然发现、遇见Our children all came down with the flu last week.上星期我们的小孩全部得了流行感冒。The bill came to $30.账款总计30美元。夯实基础用上述come短语填空(1)I came down with f
31、lu and was unable to go to work.(2)I cant come up with any better ideas now.(3)How did it come about，do you know?.选词填空1Mr.Smith will have to stay in hospital for a good while.Dont worry.Henry will take over his duties.2He set up the charity in memory of his late wife.3I looked at it and found that i
32、ncluding the wine，the bill came to $70.汉译英她到达那里时必定给我们打电话。(no doubt)No doubt shell call us when she gets there.用所给词的适当形式填空1My English is poor.Im afraid that I cant make myself understood(understand)2Their house was painted white(white)3Nobody but Tom and Jane was(be) there last weekend.4Dont leave th
33、e water running(run) while you brush your teeth.5Whether we go to the party or not depends(depend) on the weather.6Neither Chinese nor maths is (be) easy for us to learn.7What he said is (be)right.8The secretary and headmaster is (be) speaking at the meeting now.1表示地点、方向、时间等的介词短语放在句首时，若句子的主语是名词而不是人称
34、代词时，往往用全部倒装结构。,表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over there，there，now，then，here，first等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，也用全部倒装结构。Now，here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。There she goes.她去那儿了。夯实基础单句改错(1)Here comes it.Here it comes.(2)At the top of the hill the tiny church stood.At the top of the hill stood the tiny
35、church.2 It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。(1)It turns/turned out that.原来是；结果是(2)It turns/turned out to be.原来是；结果是It tu
36、rned out that she was a friend of my sister.她原来是我姐姐的朋友。夯实基础完成句子(1)The job turned out to be harder than we thought.这工作结果比我们想象的要难。(2)It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.结果他的兄弟死于心脏病。.单项填空1Here ！Here with a young lady.Acomes my brother；comes heBmy brother comes；he comesCcomes my brothe
37、r；he comesDmy brother comes；comes he答案C解析表示方位的副词here位于句首，且第一句的谓语动词为comes，主语是名词my brother，该句要全部倒装；第二句主语是代词he，故主谓不倒装。2The moment the 30th Olympic Games open，the whole world cheered.Adeclared Bhave been declaredChave declared Dwere declared答案D解析the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语the 30th Olympic Games与谓语是被动关系，所以首先可
38、排除A、C两项。而B项是现在完成时，不符合题干的时态要求。3All the employees except the manager to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged答案D解析encourage与employees是动宾关系，要用被动语态。all the employees作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。.汉译英那只鸟飞走了。(副词位于句首的倒装)Away flew the bird.1All the scientific evidence that increasing use
39、 of chemicals in farming damaging our health. (2012湖南，35)Ashow；are Bshows；areCshow；is Dshows；is答案D解析句意为：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多化学物质的使用正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence“证据(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词应用单数形式shows；宾语从句的主语是use“使用(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词要用is。2The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南，21)Aexpressing Bexpr
40、essedCto express Dto be expressed答案C解析句意为：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。ability后通常跟动词不定式(短语)作后置定语，故排除A、B两项；此处the ability与express是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动意义，故排除D项。3The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved for other purposes. (2011安徽，27)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere答案D解析句意为：这家工厂使用了65%的原料，其余的被省下来用作其他用途。题
41、中the rest of which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代raw materials。the rest of“其余的，剩余的”作主语时谓语动词取决于其后所跟的名词，而which指代剩余的raw materials，是复数名词，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式，根据前半句中的谓语动词used可知从句也要用一般过去时，所以选D项。4John opened the door.There he had never seen before. (2010陕西，17)Aa girl did stand Ba girl stoodCdid a girl stand Dstood a girl答案D解析
42、句意为：约翰敞开门，一个他以前从来没有见过的女孩站在那里。以here，there，up，down等副词开头且主语为名词的句子通常用全部倒装语序，即把谓语动词提到主语的前面。5Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南，33)Ais BareChas Dhave答案C解析句意为：听摇滚音乐会中的大声的音乐已导致一些青少年失聪了。本题主语为动名词短语，故谓语动词用单数，根据主谓关系可知，此处应是主动语态，故C项正确。.单项填空1His father sent him t
43、o Germany .Ato educate BeducatingCeducated Dto be educated答案D解析句意为：他父亲送他到德国去求学。此处为目的状语，故用不定式，可排除B、C两项；不定式和其逻辑主语him之间为被动关系，故用被动式。2For a moment nothing happened.Then all shouting together.Avoices had come Bcame voicesCvoices would come Ddid voices come答案B解析当某些副词如then，now，here，there，up等置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要用
44、完全倒装形式。3What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film quite early，so we to the bookstore after that.Afinished；are going Bfinished；goCfinishes；are going Dfinishes；go答案C解析第一空电影放映的时间是确定的，英语中对于事先安排好的事，且主语为物时可以使用一般现在时表示将来；第二空主语为人可以用进行时表将来。4Although she believed that she had a good chance of recovering，the doctor said that few， ，could come back to normal after getting this disease.Aif any Bif soCif not Dif ever答案A解析句意为：医生说，如果有的话，得了这种病也很少能恢复到正常。if any相当于if there w