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1、Focus on Korea,Korean Identity, History and Politics,Map of Korea Today,King Sejong and the Invention of Hangul,Hangul: The Korean Alphabet,The South Korean Flag,Three components of a nation: the land, the people, and the government,The North Korean Flag,Blue: desire for Peace Red: revolutionary spi
2、rit White: purity, dignity, strength Star: Korean workers Party White disc: universe,South Korean money today,Money is called Won Exchange rate is about 1000 to 1,North Korean Money,Called Won Exchange rate: 2.15 to 1,Origins of Korean People,Members of the Altaic Language Group, emigrated from near
3、 Lake Baikal,King Chi Wu “Red Devil” of the Baidal kingdom ( 3,000 B.C.),Stone tools,Excavation of the Go-Choson kingdom (3rd to 1st Millennium B.C.,Prehistoric dolmens in Korea,Chessboard type dolmens in the South,Mountain dolmens,Dan-gun and the mythological origins of the Korean people,Koreas Bro
4、nze Age: 10th century B.C.,Bronze mirror and bronze rattle,Koreas Iron Age: 300 B.C.,Proto Three Kingdoms Period,Jar coffins,Three Kingdoms: Koguryo, Paekche and Silla: 3rd Century A.D to 668 AD,Paekche: Tribes in Southwest begin to unite around 3rd century A.D.,Threat by Chinese Wei dynasty caused
5、tribes to unite Paekche depended upon alliances with Yamato (Japan) and Kaya to retain independence Buddhism became important,Brick tomb of King Muryeong of the Paekche dynasty,Silla: Unification begun in 57 BC but first ruler was King Naemul (356AD),Grew in Koreas Southeast, separated form Paekche
6、(and Chinese influence) by mountains Engaged in military struggles with Paekche and Kaya, absorbing Kaya in the 6th century Characterized by strong, independent women, including Queen Sondok ( 632-647) Scientific advances, especially in astronomy,Cheomseongdae: observatory from 647: old Silla Kingdo
7、m,Silla, 5-6th centuries, Heavenly Horse Tomb,Koguryo: Expanded with fall of Chinese Han dynasty to control Manchuria and North Korea by 391,King Kwanggaeto conquered 65 walled cities and 1,400 villages,Ancient capital of Koguryo (Jip-ahn),General Ulichi Mundak, most famous Koguryo general (7th cent
8、ury),Koguryo Womens attire (based on cave painting),Carriage from wall tomb (Koguryo),Hunting scene from 6th century Koguryo tomb,Koguryo tomb,Buddhism was introduced in the 4th century: relics of early Buddhism,Confucianism became the basis of three kingdoms governments,Confucian temple: gate and m
9、ortuary house,Confucian academy in present day North Korea,Modern Confucian Ceremony,Unified Silla Kingdom: 668-918,Silla and the Tang Dynasty of China,Tang helped Silla to conquer first Paekche and then Koguryo Silla then had to resist Chinese control for the next 300 years! New political, legal an
10、d educational institutions Domestic and foreign trade (China and Japan) flourished Medicine, astronomy and math flourished,Geongju: Capital of Unified Silla,Today an open air museum, one of Koreans World Heritage sites.,Kim Yu-shins tomb: one of Sillas unifiers,Bell from Geongju (Capital of unified
11、Silla),Tomb of the Heavenly Horse,Gold work: Girdle with Pendants,Pottery: Incense burner,Buddha sculptures,Zodiac figures: The Boar,Hwangnyong pagoda: destroyed by Mongols,Sarira Reliquaries,Sokkuram Grotto,Bulgaksa Temple,Plan of Bulgaksa,Bulgaksa Temple,Parhae Kingdom,Established by General from
12、Koguryo Fought and contained Silla Rued parts of Manchuria and North Korea Eventually defeated by Kitan uprising in 10th century,Koryo Dynasty: 918-1392),General Wang Kon: founder of dynasty,Collapse of Silla gave opportunity to create new dynasty Threatened by Kitan Liao tribes Thriving commercial,
13、 intellectual and artistic activities (100 years) Imitates Chinas Song dynasty Ally against Kitan,Koryo Intellectual Achievements,Great strides made in printing and publication 1234: invention of movable metal type Craving of the Buddhist Tripitaka in wood blocks Painting became important art form P
14、ottery production: celadon glazes form important export commodity,Carving of the Tripitaka Koreanna in Haeinsa monastery,Map of Haeinsa (Haein Monastery),Haeinsa Main Hall,Haeinsa Stupa (reliquary),The Making of Korean Celadon,Celadon ware: Koreas trade goods,Painting became an art of the literati,M
15、ongol Invasion of Korea,1258: Koryo overthrown by Mongols 1279: Korea incorporated in to the Yuan empire of China 1392: Choson (Yi) Kingdom founded Cultural Flourishing and struggle for independence,Korea: Part of the Yuan Dynasty: 1279-1368,Khubilai Khan: conqueror of China and Korea Enlists Korean
16、s in attempt to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281 Defeat by divine winds: Kamikazi Koryo kings marry Mongol princesses,General Yi Song-gye founds the Choson Dynasty,Moved the capital from Kaesong to modern day Seoul (Hanyang) Gate to Gyeongbokgung Palace,Gyeongbokgung Hall,Economic and political repress
17、ion of Buddhism,Land reform stripped monasteries of land -land not on tax rolls -peasant tenant farmers on land owned by temples Political attacks stripped monasteries of power -great power in Koryo -great corruption in monasteries Results: decline in religious fervor and Buddhism,Triumph of Confuci
18、anism,Creation of the hereditary Yangban class Rule by literati Use of Confucian rituals in governmental business Confucian schools and development of Confucian philosophy,Choson dynasty: 1392-1910,The Yangban class: literati rule both civil and military functions,Brush holder and tablet,Portrait of
19、 an official,Gateway to Suwon Confucian Temple,Confucian temple lecture hall,Inner Shrine of Confucian Temple,Portrait Hall: Pictures of Confucius and disciples,Ondul Underfloor heating: Koreas conquest of winter,18th and 19th century porcelian,Suwon walled city,Approaching one of the gates,Southwes
20、t Secret gate,Command Post,West Gate,Japanese invasions: 1592 and 1597,Admiral Yi invents the turtle boat,Decline of the Choson Dynasty:17th and 18th centuries,Attacks by Japanese and Manchus Weak rulers Economic depression Sirhak movement: practical philosophy Discontented scholars and government o
21、fficials Coming of Western ideas Natural Calamities,Korea: the Hermit Kingdom,Forced opening to the West and to Japan Japan forced Korea to sign an unequal treaty (1876), opening three Korean ports and giving Japanese citizens extraterritoriality China and Japan both try to control Koreas foreign re
22、lations Western powers seeks trade and treaties,Japanese conquest of Korea,Japan and China struggle for support at the Korean court The Tonghak rebellion (1894) is the excuse for the Sino-Japanese War over Korea The resulting Treaty of Shimonoseki gave Japan hegemony over Korea Japan forces passage
23、of measure designed to prevent more uprisings Korea reforms: abolishes classes, liberates slaves, abolishes civil service exams,Korea becomes a Japanese colony,The Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905 results in Russia “ acknowledging Japans paramount political, military and economic interest in Korea” I
24、n the Taft-Katsura Agreement (US and Japan) gives Japan a free hand in Korea in exchange for Japan giving the US a free hand in the Philippines. In 1910: Japan annexes Korea as its second colony,Japan annexes Korea: 1910,Korea under Japanese rule,Japan disbands the Korean Army,Koreans protest Japane
25、se occupation and call for Korean Independence,World War II and Koreas Role,Great Repression in the 1930s Build up industry in the North to serve Japanese War aims Build up agriculture in the South: Rice shipped to Japan Forced recruitment of Korean soldiers Forced recruitment of Korean women to ser
26、ve as “comfort women” Western thought replaces traditional thought Education in Japanese,The Japanese surrender and the division of Korea,Russia takes surrender in the North US takes surrender in the South,North and South Korea: temporary or Permanent,Truman and Stalin agree to divide at 38th parall
27、el Truman and Stalin agree to 5-year trusteeship during which Korea prepare for full independence Joint US-USSR commission set up to administer Korea Protests from Korean political parties, both right and left,Economic Problems,Heavy industry in North Agriculture in South South dependent upon North
28、for electricity to run its lights and industries South depends upon Northern coal for fuel Most industry had been owned by Japanese: now bereft of managers Great influx of refugees: several million return to Korea,Changing US policy,1947; convinced that the Communists would lose in China, decide to
29、rebuild Japan as ally in Asia Worsening Cold War with Berlin blockade (1848): end of co-operation with Russia Syngman Rhee sets up first Korean government in South (1848 South Korean Army formed) US withdraws most troops from Korea, June, 1949,North Korea: a success story (1945-1950),Communist Party
30、 under Kim Il-Sung forms first provisional and then permanent government Reorganizes and strengthens armed forces Rebuilds industry with Soviet help,The Korean War: 1950-1953,Post-War South Korea: Road to Democracy,Rule of Syngman Rhee: 1946-1960 Rebuild Southern industry and agriculture Massive Ame
31、rican aid Constant opposition to his political repression Improved education at all levels: student revolts bring down government Democratic interlude: 1960-1961: military junta takes over and Park Chung Hee rules 1961-1979 Koreas economic progress continues,Koreas economic miracle,Transition from m
32、ilitary rule to democratic rule: 1980s and 1990s. Large industrial conglomerates emerge similar to the Japanese Zaibatsu of war years Korea emerges as a “tiger” of Asia Korea intends to beat Japan Highly literate and homogeneous society,North Korea: Communism and Isolation,Kim Il-Sung: The Great Leader,Kim Il-Sung and his anti-Japanese partisan army,Kim Il-Sung leading the nation,Celebration of Kims birthday,Juche: the North Korean way to Independence,Kim Jong-Il: The Dear Leader,Rapprochement with the South: Kim Jong-Il and Kim Dae Jung,