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1、Book One,Unit 1,Book One,Content,Warming-up,Reading,Writing,Text A,Text B,Book One,Warming-up-1,Have you heard of the Second Life? Watch the video and then have a discussion about it.,Book One,Group discussion 1. Questions: 1) Do you often surf on Internet and do you rely on it in everyday life ? 2)
2、 How do you make use of the cyberspace? 3) What do you think is the best way to avoid undesirable materials, such as pornography, in cyberspace? 2. Each group appoint one representative to give a presentation about the groups discussion. You can also find some ideas from the map on the next page.,Wa
3、rming-up-2,Book One,Warming-up,Book One,Text A CYBERSPACE: IF YOU DONT LOVE IT, LEAVE IT Esther Dyson,Book One,ReadingText A,Text Study,Main Idea & Structure,Sentence Analysis,Language Points,Book One,Main Idea and Structure,First reading: Scan the text and try to catch the main idea. The following
4、words are for your reference to organize the idea: Cyberspace, voluntary, composition, communities, evolvement, identify, labeling, individual choice, responsibility,Second reading: read the passage again and try to identify the structure of this passage.,For reference,For reference,Book One,This te
5、xt defines the nature of cyberspace and holds that it is a voluntary destination. Cyberspace features free communication, a large variety of information and service, and communities. These communities evolves just the way terrestrial communities do and only self-sustaining will prosper. To make the
6、cyberspace a better place, people need to define and identify different communities, and to label undesirable material. While enjoying individual choices, people should also undertake individual responsibilities.,Main Idea,Book One,Structure,Part I (Para. 1-5),Part II (Para. 6-9),Part III (Para. 10-
7、12),Part IV(Para. 13-16),Main idea: The introduction of cyberspace and its nature,Main idea: The feature and composition of cyberspace,Main idea: The evolvement of cyberspace communities and their internal management mechanism,Main idea: People need to define and identify space communities so as to
8、avoid undesirable materials,Book One,1 Something in the American psyche loves new frontiers. We hanker after wide-open spaces; we like to explore; we like to make rules but refuse to follow them. But in this age its hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the nei
9、ghbors. 2 There is such a place: cyberspace. Formerly a playground for computer fans, cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency: schoolchildren, flirtatious singles, Hungarian-Americans, accountants. Can they all get along? Or will our fear of kids surfing for dirty pictures behind thei
10、r bedroom doors provoke a crackdown?,Paras.1-2,Book One,Paras.3-4,3 The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate.2 Real estate, remember, is an intellectual, legal, artificial environ
11、ment constructed on top of land. Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping mall, between red-light zone3 and school district, between church, state and drugstore. 4 In the same way, you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate. Some pr
12、operty is privately owned and rented out; other property is common land; some places are suitable for children, and others are best avoided by all citizens. Unfortunately, its those places that are now capturing the popular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice
13、 on how to steal credit cards. They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place. Good citizens jump to a conclusion: Better regulate it.,Book One,Paras.5-6,5 But before using regulations to counter indecency it is fundamental to interpret the nature of cyberspace. Cyberspace isnt a frontier where wicke
14、d people can grab unsuspecting children, nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers. In this kind of real estate, users have to choose where they visit, what they see, what they do. Its optional. In other words, cyberspace is a voluntary destinationin r
15、eality, many destinations. You dont just get “onto the Net”; you have to go someplace in particular. That means that people can choose where to go and what to see. Yes, community standards should be enforced, but those standards should be set by cyberspace communities themselves, not by the courts o
16、r by politicians in Washington. 6 What makes cyberspace so alluring is precisely the way in which its different from shopping malls, television, highways and other terrestrial jurisdictions. But lets define the territory:,Book One,Paras.7-8,7 First, there are private e-mail conversations, similar to
17、 the conversations you have over the telephone. These are private and consensual and require no regulation at all. 8 Second, there are information and entertainment services, where people can download anything from legal texts and lists of “great new restaurants” to game software or dirty pictures.
18、These places are like bookstores, malls and movie houses places where you go to buy something. The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff (especially pornography) is not sent out to people who dont ask for it. Some of these services are free or included as part of a b
19、roader service like CompuServe or America Online; others charge and may bill their customers directly.,Book One,Para.9,9 Third, there are “real” communitiesgroups of people who communicate among themselves. In real-estate terms, theyre like bars or restaurants or bathhouses. Each active participant
20、contributes to a general conversation, generally through posted messages. Other participants may simply listen or watch. Some services are supervised by a moderator; others are more like bulletin boardsanyone is free to post anything. Many of these services started out unmoderated but are now imposi
21、ng rules to keep out unwanted advertising, extraneous discussions or increasingly rude participants.,Book One,Para.10,10 Cyberspace communities evolve just the way terrestrial communities do: people with like-minded interests band together. Every cyberspace community has its own character. Overall,
22、the communities on CompuServe tend to be more professional; those on America Online, affluent young singles; Prodigy, family-oriented. Then there are independents like Echo, a hip, downtown New York service, or Womens Wire, targeted to women who want to avoid the male culture prevalent elsewhere on
23、the Net. On the Internet itself there are lots of passionate noncommercial discussion groups on topics ranging from Hungarian politics (Hungary Online) to copyright law.,Book One,Para.11,11 Whats unique about cyberspace is that it allows communities of any size and kind to flourish; in cyberspace, c
24、ommunities are chosen by the users, not forced on them by accidents of geography. This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments dont have.4 Most people are stuck in the country of their birth, but if you dont like the rules of a cybe
25、rspace community, you can just sign off. Love it or leave it. Likewise, if parents dont like the rules of a given cyberspace community, they can restrict their childrens access to it.,Book One,Para.12,12 Whats likely to happen in cyberspace is the formation of new communities, free of the constraint
26、s that cause conflict on earth. Instead of a global village, which is a nice dream but impossible to manage, well have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members inclinations without interfering with anyone elses. The possibility of a real market-style evolu
27、tion of governance is at hand. In cyberspace, well be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in; others will restrict access to members who qualify on
28、 one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that cant survive either because people lose interest or get scared off will simply wither away.,Book One,Paras.13-14,1
29、3 In the near future, explorers in cyberspace will need to get better at defining and identifying their communities. They will need to put in place and accept their own local governments apart from terrestrial governments, just as the owners of expensive real estate often have their own security gua
30、rds though they can call in the police to get rid of undesirable customers. 14 Then what should be done about undesirable material in cyberspace? What to do, for instance, about pornography? The answer is labeling, besides banning, questionable material. It makes sense for cyberspace participants th
31、emselves to agree on a scheme for questionable items, so that people or automatic filters can avoid them. Its easy enough for software manufacturers to build an automatic filter that would prevent you or your child from ever seeing the undesired item on a menu. (Its as if all the items were wrapped,
32、 with labels on the wrapper.) Someone who posted pornographic material under the title “Kid-Fun” could be sued for mislabeling.,Book One,Paras.15-16,15 Without a lot of fanfare, private enterprises and local groups are already producing a variety of labeling services, along with kid-oriented sites l
33、ike Kidlink and Kids Space. People differ in their tastes and values and can find services on the Net that suit them in the same way they select books and magazines. Or they can wander freely if they prefer, making up their own itinerary. 16 In the end, our society needs to grow up. Growing up means
34、 understanding that there are no perfect answers, no all-purpose solutions, no government-sanctioned safe havens. We havent created a perfect society on earth, and we wont have one in cyberspace either. But at least we can have individual choice and individual responsibility.,Book One,1. its hard to
35、 find a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about the neighbors. (Para. 1, Line 2-3) “Worrying about the neighbors” implies that wherever you go and whatever you do, you must consider whether you will disturb other people or not. 译文：很难找到这样一个地方，你自己可以随心所欲， 而又不必担心影响到你的邻居。,II. Senten
36、ce Analysis,Book One,2. It might help to leave behind metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate. (Para. 3, Line 1) leave behind: choose not to take (sth. or sb.); abandon 把丢弃在后面，丢弃， 抛弃 e.g. In their withdrawal, much of the heavy equipment had to be left behind. 在撤退时，他们不
37、得不把许多重型装备丢弃。 “Highways” and “frontiers” are both metaphors of the cyberspace. A metaphor (比喻) is a figure of speech (修辞格) in which a term is used to indicate something different by implicit comparison.,Book One,Paraphrase: It might help us (to understand what cyberspace is) if we think of it as real
38、 estate rather than as highways and frontiers. Or: (To understand what cyberspace is) it might be helpful to forget about metaphors of highways and frontiers and to think in terms of real estate instead. 译文： 我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作 一个巨大的庄园。,Book One,3. . people can download anything from legal t
39、exts and lists of “great new restaurants” to game software or dirty pictures. (Para. 8, Line 1) “anything from . to.” means a wide variety of something. Here it refers to a wide variety of information available in cyberspace. “Legal texts”, “lists of new restaurants”, “game software”, and “dirty pic
40、tures” are just some examples. 译文：人们可以从中下载各种信息，从法律文件、“大 型新饭店”名单，到游戏软件、下流图片，无 奇不有。,Book One,4. This freedom gives the rules that preside in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments dont have. (Para. 11, Line 3) This is a complex sentence, it has two attributive clauses. “.t
41、hat preside in cyberspace.” modifies “the rules”; “. that rules in terrestrial environments dont have” modifies “a moral authority”. preside: vi. exercise control or authority 管辖，掌管 e.g. preside over a meeting 主持会议 preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点 The manager presides over the business of this store. 经理管理这店业务
42、。 译文：这种自由赋予主宰信息空间的准则一种道义上的权威，这种权 威是地球空间里的准则所没有的。,Book One,5. Cyberspace communities evolve just the way terrestrial communities do. (Para. 10, Line 1) evolve: vi. to undergo gradual change; develop 发展；经历逐渐的变化 过程 e.g. an amateur acting group that evolved into a theatrical company 一个发展成为戏剧公司的业余演出团体 “j
43、ust the way terrestrial communities do” 是方式状语，而“terrestrial communities do” 是定语从句，修饰the way。,Book One,Paraphrase: Cyberspace communities develop just in the same way in which terrestrial communities do. 译文：信息空间里群体的演变过程正如陆地社会团体的演变过程。,Book One,6. Love it or leave it. （Para.11, Line 5） This sentence is
44、 the short form of the title“If You Dont Love it, Leave It”. Paraphrase: If you love it, you can stay with it, or if you dont love it you can leave it (Thats up to you, its personal choice). 译文：出入自由。,Book One,Language Points,Book One,affluent adj. wealthy, rich 富裕的,富足的 近义词: abundant, ample, rich e.g
45、. affluent suburbs with large houses and tree lined streets 房子宽敞，街道绿树成荫的的富裕郊区 We live in an affluent society. 我们生活在一个富裕的社会中。 n. a branch that flows into the main stream 支流 近义词: offshoot, anabranch , distributary e.g. This is an affluent of the Yangtze River. 这是长江的一条支流.,Book One,例题: _ he may be, but
46、he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. A. Poor B. Happy C. Affluent D. Prosperous 句意：尽管他可能是富裕的，但他一点不知道该付多少小费 给看门人和清理卧室的女服务员。,C. Affluent,Book One,a young person who is extremely clever or good at doing something 奇才，天才 近义词: genius e.g. a mathematical prodigy 数学天才 a child/i
47、nfant prodigy 天才,神童 Mozart was a child prodigy. 莫扎特是个神童。 That child prodigy begin to compose at the age of five. 那个神童五岁就开始作诗了。,2. something or somebody strange and wonderful 奇迹，奇观；奇异的的事情；奇异的人，非凡的人 近义词: marvel, wonder prodigies of endurance 耐力的奇迹 a prodigy of learning 非凡的学者 a prodigy of energy 精力异常充沛
48、的人 e.g. Critics were not gammoned by this latest prodigy. 评论家不为最近发生的反常的事所欺骗。,prodigy n.,Book One,1. having or expressing a very strong feeling , especially belief in an idea or principle （尤指对某种思想、原则）具有强烈感情的, 激昂的 e.g. A passionate speech against injustice. 一个反对不公正的激昂的演讲。 Lewis is a passionate supporter of womens rights. 刘易斯是女权运动的狂热支持者。 His passionate speech had an effect on our emotions. 他的热情的演讲打动了我们的感情。,2. very eager, intense 热切的，强烈的 e.g. His early experience turn him into a passionate social reformer 他早年的经历使他变成了一个狂热的社会改革者。,passionate adj.,Boo