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1、广东省江门至肇庆公路G10标袋装砂井施工方案1、 砂井设计 设计的袋装砂井分前、后两部分，前方码头区位于河堤外，需吹填砂使地面达到 0.5m1.0m高程后变水上施工为陆上施工。河堤内大面积陆域则已通过水罗吹填（砂）使地面平整到了 0.5m标高。设计砂井顶标高亦为 0.5m，砂井打设后可分层分区填至标高6.0m左右堆载预压。 根据设计布置，码头后方的堆场、仓库、道路等均需作软基处理，码头位置40m范围需吹填出水面后再加固。港区仓库和拆装箱库的外墙及防火中心线两侧各预留2。5m并暂不处理，以利今后桩基础施工。 采用7cm袋装砂井加固软基，砂井中心距为1.30m，呈正方形布置，堆场、仓库、道路等不同
2、区域处理深度不同，从前方大堤内侧向后方陆域410m范围共划分为18.5m、21.5m及23.7m三种工度砂井区，设计数量分别为19万，35.2万，39.2万延米，累计需打设砂进约4.3万根，94万延米。 按设计要求，软基加固后即堆载预压，要求在6.0m标高预压，原地面的均衡沉降量第一年达到2.53.0m，第二年为0.250.35m，第三年后即工后沉降控制在0.080.10m，承载能力达到设计要求。建设单位要求尽量赶在3个月内完成砂井打设，早些堆载预压；后提出边打设砂井边填砂覆盖，分块分层填土加载，充分利用预压荷重，延长预压排水固结时间，使沉降尽早完成一些，以时换取金钱，满足工程投产后使用要求。
3、 3、 施工组织 根据工程项目内容单一、数量集中、工期紧迫等特点与要求，选择专业软基施工队伍承担任务，工程实行项目经理兼技术主管负责制，现场由技术人员与管理人员组成精干高效的施工管理机构，按项目法进行管理，使工程能保质保量按期完成，为后续工程创造有利条件。 首先进行测量放样，将大面积施工区域按设计要求划分不同长度砂井区，并将暂不处理的区域划隔出来。检查吹填砂层厚度，不符合要求的补砂，尽量使砂层平整密实。施工前现场做好临时设施和施工组织方案，分派任务，要求各机组负责人，施工员明确各自施工区域与要求。为使施工现场组织工作有条不紊，开工初先组织2台砂井机进场，打设18.5m深砂井，机上共配操作工作1
4、820人，自备2台75KW发电机组。待施打砂井较正常后，随即分批陆续组织机械设备进场，指定各机组分区作业。由于过去广东地区软基处理深度一般在1518m左右，均很少超过20m，此次需临时对砂井机调整井架高度和桩管长度，以促进证机架行走安全平稳和具有足够长的打设能力。由于港区土质松软、均匀，地层中坚硬夹层较薄，机械上配备的激震器无需更换，在桩管及激震器自重作用下即可插到2/3砂井设计深度，稍有振动即可达到设计标高。由于砂井机重新改装，23.7m深砂井最迟开工。为赶工期，高峰期菜有8台砂井机同时施插（其中2台双管机）。鉴于短管的机械受聘用制订设不了超过其桩管长度的砂井，反之，长砂井机打设短砂井时安装
5、袋装砂井困难，施工效率低且浪费材料，因而不同规格的砂井机插完各自的施工区域后即退场。原考虑每台单管机一天需完成15002000延米，月工作量达56万延米，只需安排4台砂井机3月内即能完成任务的计划作了适当调整。 在施工中一直将重点放在数量最大的23.7m深的砂井上。整个工程在施工期内自始至终安排专人跟机跟班作业，解决施工中碰到的各种问题，协调各机组间矛盾，掌握质量和进度，保证计划顺利实施。但在施工之初，由于要求各机组按区域施工，按完成的砂井延米数计酬引起机组间竞争而赶进度，竟致夜间偷工减料行为发生。该事件发现前，跟班施工员对夜间进度超过白天的现象引注意，根据施工记录和对当天夜间12点前跟班观察
6、，认为必有异常。于是第二天夜间跟班至12点后再突然返回工地巡查，发现了有打短井的偷工减料行为，赶紧作出严肃处理，将前四天内施工砂井补打，防止了一起可能引起严重质量事故的发生。为抓好质量，教育工人，对机组负责人进行罚款1000元，并要求写出深刻检查。同时决定各机组只准在白天至夜间9点前施工，否则不予计理验收。为准确掌握进度与质量，对当天完成的砂井数量现场清点，并加大抽查频率；当天施工记录必须经跟班施工员签字；现场采用人工拨拉砂井检验是否短砂井或灌砂是否饱满。决不能片面追求进度不求质量。 按划定的区域施工打完砂井，现场清点检查和质量验收。监理工程师签证后，即可填砂覆盖，交由建设单位安排堆土预压。采
7、用平行流水作业使软基提前进入预压期，缩短了工序衔接引起的停歇时间。 由于现场施工组织得当，有充足的施工设备，严格管理，控制作业时间与进度计划，同时采取措施调动各机组积极性，保证了砂井施工较顺利进行，在三个月内除按设计图纸要求完成任务外，在陆域后方又吹填扩大了面积，一并作了砂井加固，累计打设砂井约114万延米。 4、 施工质量控制 港区土质软弱，为保证砂井打设质量，使之起到良好排水作用，施工中一定要严格遵守有关施工技术规范和设计图纸要求。首先是要保证砂袋质量。过去由于塑料排水板生产一哄而上，一些厂家采用废塑料再生做成，脆性大，易拉（折）断，或破裂，往往样品质量不错，而大量产品运送工地时质量较差，
8、难以保证塑料排水板性能要求。因此，采用袋装井以避免此问题。施工前一定要对砂袋提出质量要求并进行性能检测，工地按进货数量分批抽检。为了保证软基处理质量，除必须做好“三通一平”外，还要详细了解地质钻探或软基试验资料，了解地下软弱层、砂层、亚粘土层或亚砂土层的分布情况，以及沟、道路走向。对砂垫层要求有足够厚度，均匀、连续、有中、粗砂级配，含泥量应小于5%；场地要求无明显起伏，控制一定横向坡度，施工前测出施工插砂井的区域位置并作好标志，按设计要求定出砂井行列距离，以利于桩管定位，提高工作效率。 目前常用的滚筒式砂井机，结构简单，行走方便，激震力一般为3050t，静加压力10t，最深插孔深度通常不超过2
9、0m，整机电气设备容量60KW ,视场地电力供应情况，可配备发电机。每柚班劳动力约9人。如土质较差，地下无障碍物或硬土层，只用静力压打设砂井可防止对淤泥扰动。 为保证施工质量与进度，工作中应注意几个问题： （1）考虑砂井两端头灌砂打结需要，砂袋事先要下足材料长度；灌砂要逐段灌满并用力抖落密实。这种预装的袋装砂井便于质理检验，可防止偷工减料行为。过去一些砂井质量问题常发生在砂袋下料短，灌砂率不够，达不到要求打设的深度造成排水功能不理想，使软基加固效果差。袋装砂井施工方案(1)袋装砂井施工前先进行试钻孔。根据设计深度，钻机钻进情况判断是否达到设计要求的地质层。钻机在钻进过程中，钻进速度突然发生变化
10、，钻杆同时发生振动，则认为进入持力层，此时即可停止钻进，然后测定钻孔深度。如上反复进行多次试验，最后由业主、总监办、设计代表现场确定袋装砂井深度范围，施工方则按确定的深度范围掌握施工。如地质情况发生变化，超出或少于现场确定的深度范围，则重新由上述各方再行现场确定。具体各砂井深度在确定的深度范围内按实计量。(2)施工放样:先用全钻仪定出中线，然后根据设计图的处理宽度准确放出边线，在放边线前，先核对实测横断面图的宽度与该处砂井设计宽度是否相符，如出入较大，应按实测横断面图宽度予以调整。中线、边线定出后，施工队再根据设计间距逐井定位，并编上各井井号，绘制出砂井平面布置图，现场挂牌施工。(3)原材料检
11、测:砂袋、砂都必须进行检测，合格后方可使用。砂料进场后，先过筛、再晾干，下雨进应予复盖，确保砂袋灌砂均为干砂。(4)现场要求:一台砂井机原则配一台灌沙机，砂袋应搭棚遮阳，砂袋装好砂后也要暂放于遮阳棚，并尽快入孔，防止砂袋长期光照而老化。(5)钻孔:将砂井机移位至定位井点，移动钻机，将钻杆调整到垂直位置。确认位置、垂直度无误后，即可开机钻孔。钻孔按试钻时的要求进行。一旦达到持力层，立即停机，同时测量出孔深，并作好深度记录。孔深测量方法用钢尺丈量，先在钻杆顶部作一明显标志，从标志处往下一直量到钻头得出总长并记录好数据。钻孔完成后，再测量标志处到地面距离，用总长减去该距离即为孔深。砂井尽量垂直，个别
12、最大偏差实际孔深尺寸。(6)砂袋灌砂:灌袋用砂必须是经检验合格、过筛、晾干了的中粗砂。用灌砂机进行灌砂，灌砂机有效高度要大于1/2最大砂井深度。灌砂时应两灌两振，并铺以人工，确保砂袋灌砂饱满。试验室应随时进行检查，灌砂量应严格控制在设计要求的允许偏差范围之内。（设计允许偏差5%）(7)安装砂袋:砂袋长度应与砂井深度一致，超长部分应予剪除。安装时不可产生回带。如产生回带则进行冲水拔出，查明原因重新安装砂袋。再回带则在旁重新打孔安装。如还回带则应对砂井机进行修理。砂袋安装完成后及时进行埋头，防止阳光暴晒而砂袋老化。质量要求:桩距最大偏差15cm，桩长不少于记录尺寸，桩径不少于设计，桩径测量可用游标
13、卡尺直接量得，也可量砂袋周长求得。垂直度最大偏差1.5%，灌砂量按设计偏差率不大于5%，自检拔出检查0.5%，合格后报总监办，质监站进行抽检验收。本合同段袋装砂井共14.6万米，从2006年10月5日开工，2006年11月15日完成，历时40天每台袋装砂井机组每天按完成3100m每台机组可完成12.3万米，用2台袋装砂井机组即可完成。袋装砂井实测项目项次检查项目规定值或允许偏差检查方法和频率备注1井(板)间距(mm)150抽查2%2井(板)长度不小于设计查施工记录3竖直度(%)1.5查施工记录4砂井直径(mm)+10，0挖验2%5灌砂量(%)-5查施工记录3、堆载预压堆载预压与袋装砂井为软基同
14、步，预压处理路段累计长780m，堆载土方38178m3，超载预压处理的路段预压期6个月，等载预压路段预压期9个月。预压高度为预压期沉降量+路面与路堤填料密度的等效厚度差，预压处理地段路堤基底铺设50cm厚砂垫层，砂垫层提前14天，将监测原始记录、沉降记录汇总表、沉降曲线图等相关资料以及完成预压期的分析报告，报监理工程师批准。预压期可根据沉降观测结果在监理工程师的指示下确定是否应予以延长。4、沉降观测软土路基从开始填筑起直至路面施工前，必须对路基沉降与变形进行连续观测，保证预压期内沉降量达到设计要求。沉降观测点按设计要求布设，路基填筑施工期每填筑一层观测一次，路堤填高超过极限高度之后，每天需观测
15、一次，因故停止施工，每三天观测一次，若两次填筑时间间隔较长，每三天观测一次；路基预压期第一个月每三天观测一次，第二至第三个月每七天观测一次，第四个月起每半个月观测一次，直至铺筑路面前。5、台背回填施工桥台台腔、台背两侧、挡土墙后背的填筑等构筑物完成后，填筑工作即可进行，但必须慎重施工，否则会成为工程的隐蔽缺陷，因此必须做到：回填材料：严格按设计和监理工程师的要求选用透水性填料填筑施工。填筑范围：按照规定台背填土顺路线方向长度，顶部为距翼墙尾端不小于台高加2m；底部距基础内缘不小于2m。构造物回填时应做到台前、后均衡，对称填筑压实，压实度96%，且分层填筑，每层虚铺厚度控制在15cm为宜。回填过
16、程中要顺路基方向形成3的横坡，以防雨水沿构造物的外壁向下渗透，而影响回填质量。桥台背填土应与锥坡同时进行，均匀回填。桥台台背与路基接触部分应挖成台阶（台阶宽度不小于米）。为了构筑物的安全，在边角和临近台背处用冲击夯夯实，其余较大范围用不小于1T的小型振动压路机压实。8、软弱地基施工时应着重注意的问题在确定的地段进行软弱地基换土处理，按图纸或监理工程师指示的深度。如施工现场反映的实况上很正常的，我们将按常规进行施工；如果软弱地基开挖到指定标高，开挖基底如果是淤泥层，杂物沉结层，应立即报请监理工程师现场踏勘，以便确定下一步的施工方案，或增加开挖深度，达到理想或监理工程师认可的地层，或换填砂砾，或用
17、片石加固，这得根据现场实况而确定。（1）、按图纸规定或监理工程师的指示进行软弱地基处理，应将施工方法所要使用的材料、样品和试验报告以及路基沉降观测方案和加载速度，报送监理工程师。（2）、软弱地基地段填筑，要严格控制施工填料的层厚和加载速度，并做好沉降监测。（3）、软弱地基应按监理工程师指示的深度挖除后，用经监理工程师批准的材料回填，并分层摊铺压实。（4）、软弱地基范围内其压实度应以JTJ051-93重型击实试验为准分层测定，路基填筑按路基标准进行（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in po
18、wer for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adh
19、ere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do n
20、ot touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regul
21、ations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee t
22、he amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw histor
23、ical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and ,
24、 reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised t
25、wo regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to f
26、ully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms a
27、nd discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 bas
28、ed on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. O
29、ne is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack nece
30、ssary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, t
31、he seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revis
32、ion . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under s
33、ix months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and t
34、arget, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and
35、 scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the ce
36、ntral ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, car
37、eful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communis
38、t Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fo
39、urth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with
40、 Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Se
41、cretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping a
42、gain pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the con
43、stitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of v
44、irtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Part
45、y members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation fo
46、r the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, org