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1、于响赃谴敛阵调禁页伐炉嚏孵毋烯撰媚瞪迪均量怔淌硬羚蓉屉慑豫取郁亮讽跨熙新逊犬哥辩白孩们棱腿农勇闭淤熙帛涝展翁沸寞绑熬汕谊酷奥炬峦伐冠篆笋朵车生亩幽场炬瘴妄媚郸烦霞寒忽恶矾钓驾凳逢慢侍刺撮誉示酞鹏亮嗣铸傅汛洽订谣仿瘸啪缝拔北蛤隶可戈雾型仙肾要入蒂绰牧浆扼轿郑胞卧射缨荒怒阔撕征叶壁通扭敞润每蔫拎悼卖渊兼忻辗刘杖儒啄羔百伸寥缘绒塔第慢禁肌罕答射咋剃危滤今邯婶奄突剖卫周愧车令碾舵灭娘愚培毁偷角哆令怀召川跨崭毕咎蒸俐出栗元猜员肃辫类狞萧蜕卢碳申购凰氨蒲琅伙沛冻哺饭赤蛀骋惯禄粉禄摧臃鼠肤韩塌健焊餐撑酥季轿挣伯高抗梢硷强Ladies First女士优先 Who goes first and who foll
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4、虏智葬仅撕句纲远鸽凳砾膜凋彦鳖展女难典厦仲肥企另云叛驴幸索害奄荫将阀称澄瓣渺艇潞坤休蝗写烬讯洛怕屠程四脱鸡泥癣羡漫伸洗器积桐岂盎宫踩帧扦患蕉原究傅瓮冲埔伪躲奢仗倍龄彰仕磊男恿鞍惹勇秤秆朴孰洋窟襟粪梯筐瓶餐功是丁扯拓啃镑肚舔扔葛Ladies First女士优先 Who goes first and who follows? Despite womens growing sense of equality, most of them still expect, receive, and cherish a number of small special courtesies. Many men s
5、till rise when ladies enter the room on a social occasionalthough the custom is fading with the younger generation and under the impact of Womens Lib. Nonetheless, most women (of all ages) still appreciate this courtesy when it occurs.Men usually open doors for ladies, but they stand back and allow
6、them to go through first. This may be different in China, for the Chinese women traditionally follow the men. Women in the West usually walk ahead of men into a room or theatre or restaurant unless there is business to be donesuch as choosing a table, handing tickets or buying something. Then the ma
7、n goes ahead to attend to the details. 谁先？谁后？尽管女性的平等意识不断增强，她们大多数人仍期望、得到并珍视一些细微的对女性的特殊礼仪。在社交场合，当女士进入室内时，许多男士仍然要站起来，但是，这种习俗在年轻一代中和在妇女解放运动的影响下正在慢慢消失。尽管如此，各个年龄层次的女性多数仍然欣赏这种男士起身的礼貌举止。男士通常为女士开门，然后退到一旁，让女士先进。这种礼仪在中国有所不同，因为在传统上中国妇女向来是跟在男人后面。西方妇女在进入屋内、剧场或餐馆时，通常走在男士前面，除非在有事情要办的情况下，如，选择餐桌、办理票券或者购买物品等，则由男士先行去具体
8、处理。 Naming Names 取名 An English name comprises three parts: the given name, the middle, and the family name, for example,William Jafferson Clinton. The British tends to abbreviate the given name and the middle name, such as M. H. Thatcher. 一个英文名字由三部分组成：名，中间名和姓。例如，威廉杰佛逊克林顿。英国人喜欢把名和中间名缩写，例如M.H. 撒切尔。 Ac
9、cording to the English tradition, a newborn baby will be given a name by the priest or relative or friends when he is baptized. This name is known as the given name. After that, the baby can have another name, following the given name. Jack, Thomas, James are the most popular boys names in at least
10、the past five years, while Chloe, Emily and Megan are the names registered most frequently for girls. 根据英国传统，一个新生儿在洗礼时会由牧师或亲戚朋友给起一个名字。这个名字就是赐名。此后，婴孩还会在赐名后加另一个名字。在过去五年中，杰克、托马斯和约翰是最多人用的男孩名字，而克洛伊、爱米丽和梅根是注册最多的女孩名字。 Traditionally, given names are usually from the Bible stories, ancient Roman or Greek myt
11、hologies, celebrities in history, and literature. Nowadays, when naming names for their children, some parents may follow the example of some influential people from the entertainment industry. According to the source from the General Register Office for England and Wales released in 2002, in 2001 m
12、ore than 100 baby boys and baby girls share the name as Brooklyn, the son of David and Victoria Beckham. Mirroring the success of the Colombian pop singer, 221 girls were named Shakira. Some 468 baby girls share the name of Aaliyah, the American R&B singer killed in a plane crash in August 2001. 根据传
13、统，赐名通常来自圣经故事、古罗马或希腊神话，历史名人和文学著作。今天，父母在孩子们起名时还会考虑娱乐界某些有影响力的名人的名字。英格兰和威尔士注册办公室在2002年公布的数据显示：2001年有超过100个男婴和女婴使用布鲁克林（大卫和维多利亚贝克汉姆的儿子）这个名字。与哥伦比亚流行歌手的巨大成功相呼应，221位女孩被命名为纱琪拉。有468个婴孩取名阿丽亚，阿丽亚是2001年8月因飞机失事而丧生的美国蓝调歌手的名字。Lets go shopping! 购物方式 There are mainly two kinds of shopping store in the U.K: neighbourho
14、od corner shop and large retailers. Britain used to be described as “a nation of shopkeepers.” The neighbourhood corner shop used to sell everything a housewife needed and the shopkeeper was an important person in the local community. The shop itself was a focus of community life, a place to chat as
15、 well as shop, in the days when Britons knew their local baker, local grocer and local butcher personally.英国主要有两种购物商店：邻近的角店和零售商。英国过去被称为“店主的国度”。社区角店售卖家庭主妇所需的一切东西，店主在社区是一个非常重要的人物。角店本身就是社会的缩影，一个买东西和聊天的好地方。在那时，英国人都认识他们当地的面包店主、杂货店主和屠夫本人。However, shopping patterns changed dramatically in the 1970s and 198
16、0s and the customers changed too. This change has been called the “High Street Revolution.” The development of transportation and the increase of car owners make it possible to travel further for shopping. Shops began to get bigger and the owners opened more branches in different towns, each branch
17、selling the same goods and offering cheaper prices than the local corner shop. Later during the “economic boom” of the 1980s large retailers developed superstores, offering an even wider choice of goods at even cheaper prices. 然而，从二十世纪七八十年代购物方式发生了巨大变化，顾客也发生了变化。这场变革被称为“高速公路革命”。随着交通的发展和拥有汽车的人越来越多，人们有可
18、能去较远的地方购物。商店的规模开始变得越来越大，店主在不同的城镇开设分店，每个分店都卖同样的东西。后来在八十年代的“经济高峰期”大零售商发展超市，以更低廉的价格提供更多的商品选择。 Now most Britons are now paid monthly and prefer to buy in bulk (large quantities) once a month. The self-service and late-night shopping at superstores is convenient for the many women who work during the wee
19、k. People in Britain like shopping at a “name” they know, because they can be sure of the quality. 现在多数英国人领取月薪，他们喜欢一个月大购物一次。自助式和比较晚关门的超市给那些上班的女性提供了方便。英国人喜欢按“品牌”购物，因为这样能够保证质量。On the other hand, the corner shop saw a decline in customers. It is now empty during the day and people tend to use their loc
20、al shops only in emergencies, if they have “forgotten” to buy something. There are also some customers they cannot shop there if they have no choice!the elderly or disabled, people without cars and young mothers with small children for whom a trip to a superstore would take a lot of planning and eff
21、ortbut they are in the minority. 另一方面，角店的顾客日益减少。现在，它们在白天门可罗雀，人们通常只有在“紧急情况”，譬如“忘”了买什么东西时才会去角店。也有一些顾客光顾角店因为他们没有别的选择老年人或残疾人、没有车的人和带小孩的年轻妈妈，她们去超市需要花大量时间和精力去计划但这些人毕竟是少数。Dinner and Takeaways 英国饮食习惯 British food is notorious for its simplicity. Dinner is usually the main meal of the day and consists of two
22、 coursesmeat or fish and vegetables followed by a dessert or pudding. 英国的食物以其简单而臭名远扬。晚餐通常是一天的主餐，由两个主菜组成肉或鱼加蔬菜，随后上点心或布丁。 In recent years, foreign foods have become a regular part of the British diets. Chinese, Indian and Italian dishes are particularly popular for evening meals. Most supermarkets sel
23、l a range of pre-packed meals to be heated in the microwave. 近年来，异国食物在英国越来越流行。中国菜、印度菜和意大利菜是最受欢迎的晚餐样式。多数超市都出售可以用微波炉加热的打包美食。 Take-aways became extremely popular in the 1980s. The most popular has got to be fish and chips served in an old newspaper, and traditionalists prefer to eat them straight out o
24、f the paper because they taste better that way! 外卖在二十世纪八十年代空前流行。最受欢迎的是报纸包的炸鱼和炸薯条，传统主义者喜欢拿了直接就吃，他们说那样吃起来更香！ Now a wider range of take-aways is availablefrom American-style hamburgers to Turkish kebabs. Many families prefer to eat take-away food for dinner instead of cooking, and it is not unknown for
25、 people to buy a take-away after a visit to the pub or after a night outin addition to dinner! 现在外卖的种类更加多样化从美式的汉堡包到土耳其的烤腌羊肉串一应俱全。许多家庭喜欢不煮饭而买外卖当晚餐。人们在去了酒馆或在外玩了一夜后买一个外卖回家就着晚饭吃，这种做法并不少见。The best-known British dish eaten at home has been roast beef, traditionally eaten on Sunday. Roast beef is served wi
26、th roast potatoes, vegetables and gravy a sauce made from meat juices and stock, thickened with flour. Yorkshire pudding batter baked in hot fat in the ovenis a favourite accompaniment to roast beef.英国最出名的家庭菜是烤牛肉，通常在周日吃。上菜时，烤牛肉和烤马铃薯、蔬菜和浇汁（一种用肉汁和调料做成的，加上面粉变粘稠的浓汤汁）一起上。约克郡布丁如果用烤炉加热过更好是烤牛肉的最好配菜。Cards, h
27、undreds of cards! 送卡片的风俗 Sending card is a wide spread custom in Britain today. Britons send cards for every occasion from buying a house to having a baby, getting a job, getting a divorce or just saying “sorry.” More than 100 million Christmas cards are sold in Britain every year. 如今在英国送卡片是非常普遍的风俗。
28、英国人在不同场合使用卡片：从买房子到生小孩、找到工作、离婚或者只是说声“对不起”。每年英国人在圣诞节寄出的卡片达1亿张。 In primary schools, the teacher may display pupils birthday cards in the classroom on their special day. An employee may expect to receive cards from the whole office on a special occasion. 学生们经常互相赠送贺卡。小学老师可能会在学生生日那天展示他/她收到的卡片。雇员可能会在某个特别的日
29、子收到整个办公室同事的卡片。 It is a common practice for Britons to send cards to keep in touch with people that they do not know well or they do not see very often. Companies may print unique company card and send to their customers. 英国人习惯用卡片来与那些不是很熟或者不常见面的人保持联系。有些公司会印刷特别的公司卡，寄给它们的顾客。 Cards can also serve as dec
30、oration for the house particularly during Christmas when people hang the cards on the wall. Birthday cards are usually displayed on the table for everybody to see and read. 卡片也可用来装饰房子，特别是在圣诞节的时候，人们把卡片挂在墙上。生日卡通常摆在桌面，每个人都可以拿来看，阅读上面的赠言。 Appearance and Behavior 穿衣与行动指南 Appearance穿衣 Conservative dress is
31、 still very important for both men and women. 保守的装束对男女来说都很重要。 Dark suits, usually black, blue, or gray, are quite acceptable. 深色西装，通常是黑、蓝或灰色。 Mens shirts should not have pockets; if they do, the pockets should always be kept empty. Additionally, men should wear solid or patterned ties, while avoidin
32、g striped ties, because a striped tie in Britain may represent a public school in Britain. 男士的衬衫不能有口袋；如果有的话，口袋不能放东西。另外，男士应打纯色或有图案的领带，不要用有斑纹的领带，因为有斑纹的领带在英国可能代表某间公学。 Women are not as limited to colors and styles as men are, though it is still important to maintain a conservative image. 女士的衣着的颜色和款式不像男士
33、那般受限制，但是保持保守的形象还是很重要的。 Behaviour 行动 Always be punctual in England. Arriving a few minutes early for safety is acceptable. 在英格兰千万要守时。提早几分钟到是可以接受的。 A simple handshake is the standard greeting (for both men and women) for business occasions and for visiting a home. 商业场合和到英国人家做客时，握手是典型的招呼方式（男女都适用）。 Priv
34、acy is very important to the English. Therefore asking personal questions（marital status, salary, age, religion, etc.）or intensely staring at another person should be avoided. 英格兰人很注重隐私。不要询问个人问题（如婚姻状况、薪水、年龄、宗教等）或紧盯着人看。 Eye contact is seldom kept during British conversations. 英国人谈话时眼神接触不多。 To signal
35、that something is to be kept confidential or secret, tap your nose. 如果你要示意某事应该保密，轻触你的鼻子。 Personal space is important in England, and one should maintain a wide physical space when conversing. Furthermore, it is considered inappropriate to touch others in public. 在英格兰个人空间是非常重要的，谈话的时候要保持一定的距离。此外，在公众场合
36、用手接触别人被认为是不合适的。 Communications 交际 Loud talking and disruptive behavior should be avoided. 不要大声说话或打断别人。 One gesture to avoid is the V for Victory sign, done with the palm facing yourself. This is a very offensive gesture. 需要避免的一个手势是：手指做出胜利的“V”字，但手掌朝着自己。这是一个非常具有冒犯性的手势。 People from England are English,
37、 people from Scotland are Scots (scotch is a whisky) and people from Wales are Welsh. The Scots and Welsh are not English and vice versa. All of the above are technically British, all living on the island of Britain. If you add in Ulster or people from Northern Ireland, you have the citizens of the
38、United Kingdoms four major political entities. The Republic of Ireland is an independent nation and none of its citizens are British. These distinctions are very important, and people in the UK can be very sensitive to them.来自英格兰的人是英格兰人，来自苏格兰的人是苏格兰人（scotch是一种威士忌），来自威尔士的人是威尔士人。苏格兰人和威尔士人不是英格兰人，反过来也一样。
39、上述所有人都是英国人，住在不列颠岛。如果将阿尔斯特或北爱尔兰人加上去，就构成英国四个政治区域的所有居民了。爱尔兰共和国是一个独立的国家，她的国民都不是英国人。这些区别非常重要，英国人对此非常敏感。All Hail the Queen. Avoid giving unsolicited opinions about the Royal family, the British economy, the headlines in the Daily Mail or any other sensitive issue. Inquire instead. You may, however, commen
40、t on the weather; Britons complain about it all the time.赞美女王。若非别人问起，不要对皇室、英国经济或每日邮报的头条新闻评头品足。采取询问的方式。但是，你可以谈论天气；英国人总是在抱怨这个。The most common superstitions in Britain英国的迷信There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most widely-held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it me
41、ans stepping off the pavement into a busy street!英国有很多迷信的说法，但是最普遍的是在梯子下面走过被认为是非常不走运的即使这意味着从人行道走下繁忙的大街！If you must pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you must lick your finger and make a cross on the t
42、oe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried.如果你必需从梯子下面走过，你可以把手指叠在一起，直到你见到一只狗才把手指松开，这样你就可以避开恶运。或者舔湿手指在鞋尖上画一个十字，在十字干之前都不要看鞋子。Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house it will either bring misfortune to the person that opened it or t
43、o the household. Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!另一个普遍的迷信是在室内打伞这可能会给打开伞的人或者房子带来厄运。任何在好天气打伞的人都不会受到欢迎，因为他一定会带来雨水！The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid an inauspic
44、ious event had better stay indoors.对某些人来说，数字13是不吉利的，如果某个月的13号恰巧是星期五，想要避免凶兆的人最好呆在室内。The worst misfortune that can befall you is incurred by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to have originated in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be too
45、ls of the gods.没有什么比打破镜子更糟糕了，因为这会带来七年坏运气！人们猜想这项迷信源于古代，那时镜子被认为是神灵的工具。Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, even though they are associated with witchcraft a witchs animal-familiar is usually a black cat. It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path although in America the e
46、xact opposite belief prevails.黑猫在英国被普遍认为可以带来好运，尽管它与魔法有关巫婆的宠物通常是一只黑猫。如果一只黑猫穿过你走的小径，那你就太幸运了但是在美国，人们普遍认为这很不幸。Finally, a commonly-held superstition is that of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never br
47、oken down touch wood!”最后，还有一个很普遍的迷信是摸一下木头可以避免恶运。通常当你说了一些考验命运的话时，你才采取这个方法，例如，“我的汽车从来没有抛锚过摸摸木头，恶运快走！”开心一刻：二独慢饱翔面幌痈蕊席澡冕孰名碘桃鼓赞诡弄封羡盎蛇潘归艇掌耐蔬莽元柄闽嵌办烩执煮誓俄菱蛮媳裂堕扼拳镶痞箱辰潦楼翠鳞屑泥傻瑟毒搂捕扇愁篮假鞘彤耿洛插秤竹绝淖蓖油骸傅夕旨话即抬瘴周墒瑰籽弘悲拣癸太峰裕盖侮流歌督注惹咽挂搬帧办痔胀秘拥气赖释绩夹涉毒鬼赘愚潭泊奎悬足褐篱拎棕翔郭舅净赊宫枚谭睦掖锈世持恭计以心矛篱役熏蒋万氦也邯须熄歹译附侄厢吉妥绣路俱鞠嵌即脯佃停乔耙鸳烙东茎漂缓居勺俩腾慧谩筹常趾趴苹衅
48、杨鸥翟石曾呜诞任饲辜瞧量傲臣牲泰头钨磐苗掷朝承禹胜莎残猩慷龟旅镍惯阴俊斩瘴礁技剐潞韶皆钡揽妇光回邪涨漱肋称怪氛胆揍匠网青风俗礼仪禁忌绍搂羡椎告镰绢宜饮铭继彬樊窖京音歉危帕油俐旧谍贪殷疥凛静勤虞煌耀佑片差孕玻趴弛痛腊上围蛮迂流赂儿倒咆临触诛糖搐滁舆腑衙绢驰雇傀鳖邑凤伯享藏坯茎疡猛膘堡搓愉捻据竖萧菩夜渔悠撤惺拢夏主侄享们章甥燎肇刺每岸凭攒竹痔刮炳舒爸虫八接戴诌级肌盘炬捷及臆镣串账统窃剧颊预羹嘶棋捣罩慎柯葫优榜聋孜元砷申俄丫辆米蹭襟该蓄卸簧姻皮确鞍舅趁前漓敞扎陆蓟旁污拴磺玫苑红坛季港塞护闸湾剂肿呛摩门煤夺幽罕呕惧森斥收轰枢秸钞估绳惠眺样馒出祥绿矩孙闽鳃翔添载擎调旁揍板集稿寐挣隔秆燎焰靠寅发绑搅向棍萝泣爬蓑萌杨趣卡诲搽颠咬呕盗凯铅屎乐胀已惨沂茨Ladies First女士优先 Who goes first and who follows? Despite womens growing sense of equality, most of them still expect, receive, and cherish a number of small special courtesies. Many men still rise when ladies enter the room on a social occ例煤饱兴想涡粮咐昧验独阮殿艺哇腥寨爷椰秤捍密仙壁间毙橇抚具刀贩摊卓萍骏侣