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1、Industry Technical Specification of the Peoples Republic of ChinaTechnical Specification for Post-installed Fastenings in Concrete StructuresJGJ14520122012 BeijingContents1 General 2 Terminology and symbols3 Materials3.1 Concrete base material3.2 Anchors3.3 Adhesive material of bonded anchors4 Basis
2、 of design4.1 Type and operating principles4.2 Design and safety concept5 Static analysis5.1 General5.2 Tension loads acting on anchor group5.3 Shear loads acting on anchor group6 Ultimate limit state6.1 Resistance to tension loads6.2 Resistance to shear loads6.3 Resistance to combined tension and s
3、hear loads7 Anti-seismic design8 Structural requirements9 Installation and acceptance9.1 General9.2 Drilling hole 9.3 Installation and fastening 9.4 Inspection and acceptance of installationAnnex A Testing method on site 1 General1.0.1 This standard is compiled for post-installed anchoring technolog
4、y ensuring reliable, safe and economical designs, construction and operation.1.0.2 This standard applies to the use of post-installed anchoring system in normal weight concrete. It does not cover anchorage to masonry and lightweight/gas concrete.1.0.3 Anchor design should be based on application (st
5、ructural elements or non-structural elements), load (tension, compression, moment, shear or combined tension and compression), action and safety level (important or normal), etc. 1.0.4 The design, installation and acceptance of post-installed anchoring systems should comply with this standard and re
6、levant mandatory requirement of current national codes.1.0.5 In general, this standard is intended to address assessment and design of adhesive anchoring systems where anchor theory applies (see Fig. below). It is not intended to address the assessment and design of post-installed reinforcing bars p
7、roportioned according to the concept of reinforcement development (see Fig. below).I) Reinforcement designed according to anchor theory (covered in this standard).II) Reinforcement designed according to rebar theory (not covered in this standard).2 Terminology and symbols2.1 Terms2.1.1 Post-installe
8、d anchoring systemsAn assembly comprising drilling method, drill bit requirements, cleaning method (if specified by Manufacturer) base material, anchor or anchor group and component fixed to the concrete.2.1.2 AnchorA steel element post-installed into hardened concrete base material, used to transmi
9、t applied loads. Steel elements for adhesive anchoring system may include threaded rods, deformed reinforcing bars, or internally threaded steel sleeves with external deformations.2.1.3 Expansion anchorsA post-installed anchor inserted into hardened concrete that transfers loads to or from the concr
10、ete by direct bearing or friction or both. Expansion anchors may be torque-controlled, where the expansion is achieved by a torque acting on the screw or bolt; or displacement-controlled, where the expansion is achieved by impact forces acting on a sleeve or plug and the expansion is controlled by t
11、he length of travel of the sleeve or plug (Fig.2.1.3-1, Fig. 2.1.3-2).Fig 2.1.3-1 Torque-controlled expansion anchors Fig 2.1.3-2 Displacement-controlled expansion anchors2.1.4 Undercut anchorsA post-installed anchor that develops its tensile strength from the mechanical interlock provided by underc
12、utting of the concrete at the embedded end of the anchor. The undercutting is achieved with a special drill bit prior to installation of the anchor or alternatively by the anchor itself during the installation procedure (Fig. 2.1.4).a) Load controlled anchor installed by tensioning anchor, causing s
13、leeve to expand in predrilled undercutd) Displacement controlled anchor that cuts its own undercut while set by hammering sleeve over coneb) Displacement controlled anchor set in predrilled undercut by hammering sleeve over cone.e) Torque-controlled anchor set into pre drilled undercut by applicatio
14、n of torque forcing sleeve over conec) Displacement controlled anchor installed in predrilled undercut and set by defined displacement, causing expansion sleeve to expand into undercut.f) Torque-controlled anchor that cuts its own undercut by application of setting torque, forcing sleeve over cone.F
15、ig 2.1.4 Undercut anchors2.1.5 Adhesive anchorsFor the purposes of this standard, the adhesive anchor system is comprised of the following components: Adhesive anchor; Proprietary adhesive compounds in combination with a mixing and delivery system; Accessories for cleaning the drilled hole including
16、 brushes, air nozzles, and other items needed to complete the cleaning process; and Printed instructions for the adhesive anchor installation including hole preparation, injection, and cure for all environmental conditions permitted in the qualification.Fig 2.1.5 Adhesive anchor / rebar2.1.6 Base ma
17、terialThe hardened material into which anchor is fastened. Normal weight concrete is defined to as the base material in this standard.2.1.7 Anchor GroupA number of anchors of approximately equal effective embedment depth with each anchor spaced at less than 3hef from one adjacent anchor when subject
18、ed to tension, or 3ca1 from one or more adjacent anchors when subjected to shear. Only those anchors susceptible to the particular failure mode under investigation shall be included in the group.2.1.8 Fixture Component fixed to the concrete via the post-installed anchoring system.2.1.9 Anchor plateA
19、 steel plate fastened by anchors directly transfer loads onto anchors and base material.2.1.10 Failure modeThe failure mechanism observed of post-installed anchoring system post peak loads.2.1.11 Anchor steel failureThe steel failure of anchor rod or rebar under tension, shear or combined tension an
20、d shear (see Fig 2.1.11).Tension ShearFig. 2.1.11 Steel failure2.1.12 Concrete breakout failureFailures of the anchor in an unconfined tension test, characterized by the formation of a conical fracture surface originating at or near the embedded end of the anchor element and projecting to the surfac
21、e of the concrete test member (see Fig 2.1.12).Fig. 2.1.12 Concrete cone failure2.1.13 Concrete splittingA concrete failure mode characterized by the formation of planar crack in the concrete parallel to and extending through the axis of the anchor(s) (see Fig 2.1.13). Fig. 2.1.13 Splitting failure2
22、.1.14 Bond failureFailure mode characterized by the withdrawal of the anchor element from the concrete without rupture of the embedded part, for example the threaded rod or rebar, and without formation of a full-depth conical breakout surface. The formation of limited-depth conical breakout surfaces
23、 shall also be considered as bond/pullout failure. (see Fig. 2.1.13).Fig. 2.1.13 Bond failure2.1.15 Concrete edge failureThe anchorage failure occurs at the lateral concrete surface with the shape of concrete cone in the fracture area as a half pyramid under shear loads (see Fig. 2.1.14).Fig. 2.1.14
24、 Concrete edge failure2.1.16 Pryout failureThe anchorage failure occurs in concrete at the side opposite to shear load direction by short stiff anchors (see Fig. 2.1.15)Fig. 2.1.15 Pryout failure2.1.17 Pull-out failureThe anchorage failure of anchor pulled out from drilled hole completely (see Fig.
25、2.1.17)Fig 2.1.17 pull-out failure Fig. 2.1.18 pull-through failure2.1.18 Pull-through failureThe anchorage failure of anchor expansion parts pulled out from anchor sleeve and the sleeve still keep inside the drilled hole (see Fig. 2.1.18). Similarly, for adhesive anchoring systems bond failure may
26、occur between the anchor element and the adhesive or between the adhesive and the bore hole (see Fig. 2.1.19).Adhesive-element failure Adhesive bore hole failure2.1.21 Design working LifeThe period of time during which the performance of the anchoring system and structures will be maintained at a le
27、vel compatible with the intended conditions of use.2.2 Symbols2.2.1 Action and Resistance=moment=normal force=resistance=action=torsion moment=shear forceNsd, Vsd = design value of tensile (shear) loadNgsd, Vgsd =design value of the sum of the tensile load (shear load) acting on the tensioned (shear
28、ed) anchors of a group.Nhsd, Vhsd = design value of tensile load (shear load) acting on the most stressed anchor of an anchor groupNRk,s, VRk,s =characteristic resistance of a single anchor (normal force, shear force) in case of steel failureNRd,s, VRd,s =design resistance of a single anchor (normal
29、 force, shear force) in case of steel failure NRk,c, NRd,c =characteristic (design) resistance of an anchor or a group of anchors, respectively, in case of concrete cone failureNRk,sp, NRd,sp =characteristic (design) resistance of an anchor or an anchor group in case of concrete splitting failureNRk
30、,p, NRd,p =characteristic (design) resistance of an anchor in case of pull-out failureTinst, Ninst = installation torque moment and related pre-tightening torsionVRk,c, VRd,c =characteristic(design) resistance of an anchor or an anchor group in case of concrete cone failure at edgeVRk,cp, VRd,cp =ch
31、aracteristic (design) resistance of an anchor or an anchor group in case of concrete pryout failure2.2.2 Concrete and steelfyk =characteristic steel yield strengthfstk =characteristic steel ultimate tensile strengthfcu,k =characteristic concrete compression strength measured on cubes2.2.3 characteri
32、stic value of anchors (see Fig.2.2.3)Drilling holeUndercutting holeUndercut anchor IUndercut anchor IIAs, Wel = stressed cross section of steel and elastic section modulusTorsion controlled anchor holeDisplacement controlled anchor holeBonded rebarAnchor subjected to Tension loadsAnchor subjected to
33、 shear loadsFig.2.2.3 anchor spacing and edge distancea= spacing between outer anchors of adjoining groups or between single anchors.b = width of concrete memberc, c1, c2 = edge distance between anchors and the edge of concreteccr,N = edge distance for ensuring the transmission of the characteristic
34、 tensile resistance of a single anchor without spacing and edge effects in case of concrete cone failure cmin = minimum allowable edge distance for preventing concrete member from the splitting failure due to installationd = diameter of anchor bolt, thread diameter or diameter of reardo ,D= drilled
35、hole diameterdf = diameter of clearance hole in the fixturednom = outside diameter of anchorh = thickness of concrete memberh0 =depth of drilled holesh1=depth between the sharp end of drilled hole and concrete surfacehef = effective anchorage depthhmin = minimum thickness of concrete member to preve
36、nt from splitting failure due to installationhnom = embedment depth of anchors, s1, s2 = spacing of anchors in a group and spacing of anchors in a group in direction 1, direction 2scr,N = spacing for ensuring the transmission of the characteristic tensile resistance of a single anchor without spacin
37、g and edge effects in case of concrete cone failure smin = minimum allowable spacing for preventing from the splitting failure due to installationtfix = thickness of fixture or anchor plateA0c,N = area of concrete of an individual anchor with large spacing and edge distance at the concrete surface,
38、idealizing the concrete cone as a pyramid.Ac,N = actual area of concrete cone of the anchorage at the concrete surface.A0c,v = area of concrete cone of an individual anchor at the lateral concrete surface not affected by edges parallel to assumed loading direction, member thickness or adjacent ancho
39、rs, assuming the shape of failure area as a half pyramid.Ac,v = actual area of concrete cone of anchorage at the lateral concrete surface.lf = effective length of anchor under shear loading2.2.4 Partial safety factors and calculating factors =partial safety factor taking account of the safety level
40、of anchorage=partial safety factor for materialya,v = factor take account of the influence of the angle between the load and the direction perpendicular to the free edge of the concrete member on the shear resistance.yec,N, yec,v = factor take account of a group effect when different tension (shear)
41、 load are acting on the individual anchors of a group.yh,v =factor take account of the fact that the shear resistance does not decrease proportionally to the member thickness.yre,N =the shell spalling factor takes account of the effect of dense reinforcement.ys,N ,ys,v = the factor takes account of
42、the disturbance of the distribution of stresses in concrete due to edge of the concrete member on tension (shear) resistance.yucr,N, yucr,v = the factor takes account of the position effect of the anchorage in cracked or non-cracked concrete on tension (shear) resistance.3 Materials of concrete and
43、anchor elements 3.1 Concrete base materials 3.1.1 The concrete base material shall be solid and sufficiently large to resist and the intended loads. 3.1.2 Excessively air voided concrete, grout, grout layer and decorative mortar layers may not be considered as sufficient base material.3.1.3 Concrete
44、 strength for base material of post-installed fasteners shall be at least C20. The concrete strength and modulus of elasticity should be obtained by on-site testing according to Code for Design of Concrete structuresGB50010.3.2 Anchor elements3.2.1 The materials of steel anchor elements shall be car
45、bon steel, stainless steel or alloy steel. The selection of the anchor element shall be based on the environment condition and durability requirement of the application. The performance of anchors should comply with Expansion and undercut building anchors for use in concrete3.2.2 The materials perfo
46、rmance of anchor made of carbon steel or alloy steel shall be defined by and (see Table 3.2.2). Table 3.2.2 The material performance of carbon/alloy steelperformance grade3.64.64.85.65.86.88.8Characteristic tension strength (MPa)300400500600800Characteristic yield strengthor (MPa)1802403203004004806
47、40Extension ratio (%)2522142010812Note: the performance grade 3.6 means (MPa), ;3.2.3 The performance grade of anchor made of stainless steel shall be defined by and (see Table 3.2.3).Table 3.2.3 The material performance of stainless steel (austenitic A1, A2, A3)performance gradediameter of thread rod (mm)Characteristic tension strength(MPa)Characteristic yield strength (MPa)Extension ratio505002100.6d707004500.4d808006000.3dNote: the extension ra