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1、 2014届毕业论文（设计）中交道安高速施工现场危险因素辨识与控制院 、 部： 安全与环境工程学院 学生姓名： 何 指导教师：刘爱群 职称： 副教授 专 业： 安全工程 班 级： 安本1001班 完成时间： 2014年5月 摘 要安全是施工效益的关键点，也是项目施工顺利展开的前提保障。因此，有效的辨识危险因素并将危险因素控制在安全范围内将是项目施工安全中举足轻重的一环节。本文主要是针对道安高速公路施工现场进行危险因素辨识与控制，首先简单介绍了道安高速的概况、生产工艺、材料设备及施工现场安全现状的基本情况。重点对路基施工、桥梁施工、火工品管理及临时用电进行危险因素辨识，采用LEC和JHA分析其危
2、险性，找到它运行的规律，划分危险因素的控制区域，并对各个施工区域进行有针对性的预防和隐患控制。根据分析结果制定相应的安全技术措施、安全教育措施和安全管理措施，并通过建立应急预案预防紧急事故的处理，以此来确保项目工程的安全管理目标的顺利实现，确保所有工作人员的安全健康，最后实现项目工程的最优效益化。 关键字：危险因素辨识；危险性分析；隐患控制；应急预案ABSTRACT Safety is the key point of benefit construction, but also project construction on the premise of guarantee smoothly
3、. Therefore, effective to identify risk factors and control the risk factors within the scope of the security will be important one link in project construction safety. this paper is mainly aimed at risk factors identification and control of highway construction field. firstly, introduced the dao an
4、 overview of the high-speed, simple production technology, materials, equipment and basic situation of the construction site safety situation. Key of roadbed construction, bridge construction, temporary electricity for initiating explosive device management and risk factors identification, using LEC
5、 and JHA analysis the risk, find it to run and control area division of risk factors, and the various construction area for targeted prevention and risk control. According to the analysis result to set up the corresponding safety technical measures, safety education and safety management measures, a
6、nd through the establishment of contingency plans to prevent accident and emergency handling, so as to ensure the safety of the project the smooth realization of the goal management, to ensure that all safety and health of workers, finally to achieve optimum projects efficiently. Key words:risk fact
7、ors identification; Risk analysis; Risk control; The emergency response plan 目 录1 前言12 道安高速项目工程简介22.1 工程概况22.2 项目施工工艺和施工机械设备材料22.2.1 项目施工工艺22.2.2 项目施工机械设备材料32.3 工程周边环境与施工作业环境32.4 道安高速施工现场的安全现状52.4.1 安全管理现状52.4.2 施工作业安全现状63 道安高速施工现场的危险因素辨识93.1 施工现场危险因素分类93.2 施工现场危险区域及其危险因素94 施工现场的危险因素分析124.1 作业条件危险性分
8、析124.1.1 作业条件危险性分析方法124.1.2 施工现场作业条件危险性分析144.2 人工挖孔桩作业危害分析154.2.1 作业危害分析方法154.2.2 人工挖孔桩作业危害分析过程与结果155 控制措施195.1 施工安全技术措施195.2 施工安全教育措施225.3 施工安全管理措施235.4 施工现场安全事故应急控制245.4.1 应急原则245.4.2 事故预防与预警245.4.3 应急响应256 结束语26参考文献27致 谢28附 录29Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceA
9、ccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in Janu
10、ary to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty c
11、ounty education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee real
12、ly, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in
13、 carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity wa
14、ste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hed
15、onism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmat
16、ic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities
17、of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single u
18、nit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educ
19、ational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys educatio
20、n.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attentio
21、n to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not p
22、artial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, sca
23、le behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong
24、 lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding is
25、suesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures co
26、unty. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something diff
27、icult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(thr
28、ee) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the br
29、and, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effect
30、ive integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approva
31、l procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education
32、 and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the sam
33、e time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimizatio
34、n and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development
35、, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.1 前言 安全是人类生存发展过程中永恒的主题。随着我国交通基础建设规模的不断扩大，建设资源供给与需求不适应的状态日益凸显，经济社会发展方式的转变对工程安全提出了更高的要求，安全生产面临了前所未有的巨大压力。同时，随着近年来许多行业安全事故的
36、频频发生，造成了很多人员伤亡和较大的财产损失，因此，危险控制与安全管理工作在临时施工工程领域受到了愈来愈多的关注1。面对这种社会压力，道安高速公路工程坚持贯彻“安全第一，预防为主”的安全生产方针，根据施工工程施工区域多、范围广的特点，重点对易发生重大事故的部位、环节进行危险控制，并制定相应的工程技术措施预防危险发生，同时参考安全标准化施工、安全生产法、安全生产规定等安全法律法规和安全生产标准操作，把工程管理的相关因素最优化，明确管理目标和标准化的操作要求，严格将标准规范落实到安全生产的各个环节，以实现项目安全管理流程更加合理有效，施工现场更加有序，安全标准施工到位的长远目标。 “立久安之势，成
37、长治之业”安全管理俨然是施工安全的关键点。本文主要是通过整合施工现场的具体情况对重点区域危险因素展开危险分析，针对路基施工、桥梁施工、火工品管理及临时用电方面从作业人员、施工环境、施工材料、施工机械设备、施工技术和工艺、施工管理等各个方面进行危险因素辨识，运用危险性条件作业分析、危险危害作业分析的方法全面分析危险因素的运行规律和特点，确定危险因素和危险区域的控制范围并对危险因素进行有针对性的预防和控制2。其次，加强施工现场的安全技术、安全教育和安全管理的力度，建立应急预案，使突发事件可以有效的及时处理。安全是你我的责任，也是项目工程顺利推进的有效保障，因此，重视安全就是对项目工程的工作支持，也
38、是创造经济效益的前提保障。2 道安高速项目工程简介2.1 工程概况 贵州省道真至新寨高速公路工可批复里程249.637km，初步设计里程253.973km，线路分为三段，分别为福寿场至河溪段（73.817km）、河溪至流河渡段（76.321km）、流河渡至陆家寨段（96.135km）。线路桥隧比例约40%，主线宽度24.5m，项目区域海拔高程约为6001070m，相对高差100200m，沿线不良地质主要有岩溶、崩塌危岩体、滑坡、软弱地基。项目采用BOT+EPC的建设方式，由中交旗下路建、四航局、二公院组成联合体进行实施，成立了项目公司（贵州中交福和、和兴、兴陆高速公路发展有限公司）。 中交四航
39、局第三工程有限公司负责道真至新寨高速公路流河渡至陆家寨段TJ23标段的施工任务。TJ23标位于瓮安县天文镇和木老坪乡境内（K225+810K235+050），长9.24Km。本项目全线按双向四车道高速公路标准建设，设计速度采用80km/h，整体式路基宽度采用24.5m，分离式路基宽度采用12.25m，桥涵设计荷载采用公路级。其中中交四航局第三航务工程局承建的TJ23标段包含陶家湾大桥、沙坝大桥、坪坝大桥等7座桥梁，1#、2#搅拌站，3个钢筋场及其多条施工便道和涵洞。其中，桥梁基础采用人工挖孔灌注桩基础，圆桩桩径为1.5米2.2米不等，桥台基本采用扩大基础，墩身分别采用圆柱墩，桩顶均设置地系梁，
40、墩顶设置盖梁，盖梁为非预应力盖梁，T梁半幅桥每跨5片。2.2 项目施工工艺和施工机械设备材料2.2.1 项目施工工艺 道安高速施工进度还在初级阶段，重点在路基、路面和桥涵工程的基础建设，但项目修建高速公路的施工生产工艺主要有： 1）路基工程工艺 路基挖土方：修建便道清理场地测量放样明确卸土地点分层、分区段开挖装车运土卸土地点人工修坡防护排水工程施工。 2）路面工程施工工艺 水泥稳定碎石基层、底基层：施工准备测量放样混合料拌制运输摊铺机摊铺、碾压养生检测。 3）桥涵工程 桥梁主体工程：场地平整测量放样基础施工（钻孔桩）基础钢筋制作、安装（下钢筋笼）基础砼浇注（灌注砼）承台混凝土墩、台身钢筋制作、
41、安装墩台砼砼墩（台）帽梁板预制、安装台背回填片石锥坡护栏座砼桥面铺装等附属工程。项目工程施工的每项工程都是按照标准的施工工艺有序开展的，所以，良好的施工工艺，可以很好的预防危险源和危险事故的发生。2.2.2 项目施工机械设备材料机械设备故障异常引起的事故危害层出不穷，加强对机械设备的管理与应用是施工现场安全管理的一项重要的环节。而道安高速公路主要的机械施工设备情况主要如表1所示。表1 施工机械设备和施工材料序号施工区域设备或材料名称1原材料区水泥、碎石、机制砂、钢筋、型钢等；2钢筋场钢筋切断机，钢筋弯曲机、交流电焊机、卷扬机、高压水泵、架桥机、龙门吊、模板等；3搅拌站搅拌机、装载机、变压器、发
42、电机、混泥土运输车等；4桥梁风暴机、电机卷扬机、平板车、挖机、鼓风机、塔吊、变压器、发电机等；5路基挖掘机、潜孔钻机、锚杆钻孔机、压路机、推土机、洒水机、汽车吊、空压机、发电机等。2.3 工程周边环境与施工作业环境道安高速公路TJ23标段位于贵州高原北部向四川盆地过渡的斜坡地，基本走行云贵高原面，路线区域位于贵州省中部偏北，路线位于瓮安县天文镇、木老坪乡、银盏镇、雍阳镇境内。工程项目部位于山脚下，四面环山、水源不足、接电困难，乡村居民较少，民房分散，交通不是很便利，很多道路坑洼不平，且气候干燥，易发生火灾，多山石，开挖道路任务也很艰巨，因此，施工环境相对来说是很艰辛的。但民风淳朴，气候较为合宜
43、，基本能满足日常生活需求，如图1所示。施工作业环境也比较艰巨，工程区域没有河流经过，水源不足，电供的情况基本难以满足内需，地下水位和天气环境也对施工有很大的影响。道路铺设很广很长，难以保证每条道路的可行性，雨天部分道路不能行走，但施工区域的作业环境良好，有很好的生活设施和安保设施，作业区域也比较井井有条，如图2所示。 图1 施工现场作业环境图 图2 施工现场作业环境图2.4 道安高速施工现场的安全现状2.4.1 安全管理现状 1）安全生产管理机构道安高速公路TJ23标段成立了安全生产领导小组，由项目部经理为组长，各部门负责人、技术主管为成员组成，安全部负责开展日常安全生产管理工作。项目经理部安
44、全生产管理组织机构由项目经理、各部门主管、专职安全员和兼职安全员组成，项目经理为安全生产管理委员会主任，办事机构设在安全部，由专职安全员负责处理日常事务，项目部安全管理机构网络如图3所示。 2）安全管理目标安全管理目标是施工安全生产的指向标，道安高速项目安全管理目标是：杜绝因工死亡，现场施工人员的年负伤率不大于0.05%；不发生工程事故，不发生高空坠落、支架坍塌责任事故；不发生重大设备操作事故、重大交通事故和重大火灾事故。职业健康安全目标：保护职工身体健康，防止职业病的发生，完善施工管理安全措施，施工现场安全管理100达标3。其次，由专业的机械维修技工对机械设备有周期的进行检修，尤其是特种设备
45、区域必须每周1次检查以上。6 结束语 本次论文主要研究的是道安高速公路施工现场的危险因素辨识与控制，讨论了工程项目施工中如何有效的辨识和控制危险因素，将项目工程分为不同的施工区域进行安全控制与管理，并采用危险性分析方法进行详细的分析，根据分析结果对危险因素进行有效的控制。其次，随着近年来许多行业安全事故的频频发生，安全控制与管理工作在临时施工工程领域受到了愈来愈多的关注，与国际标准环境与职业健康安全管理体系标准的推行相对应的，施工现场危险因素辨识与控制对策的建立为预防安全事故的发生起到了一定的作用18。 参考文献1 建设工程安全生产管理条例S(国务院令393号)2 吴宗之，高进东.重大危险源辨
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