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1、SHANDONG毕业论文道路车辙处理的方法决策系统设计学 院：交通与车辆工程学院专 业： 交通工程 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2013年6月Opinions and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educati
2、onal practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the partys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual
3、County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, cons
4、cientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with
5、the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots
6、, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work s
7、tyle of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members
8、and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the con
9、struction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and commu
10、nity, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to
11、focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close
12、contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more e
13、mphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and c
14、ohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on ce
15、ntralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of
16、the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real im
17、plementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to eng
18、age in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic
19、 problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies
20、and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the compe
21、titive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics,
22、the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win pr
23、inciple, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development
24、, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market com
25、petition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a
26、high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research
27、 about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promo
28、te leapfrog development.1摘 要 车辆超载超限现象非常普遍，这种交通条件对路面的破坏作用是非常严重的。在行车荷载和环境因素的作用下，以及车辆荷载越来越集中地分布于道路轮迹带处，而引起的渠化交通，使得我国公路沥青路面的车辙问题越来越突出。在交通发达的国家，沥青路面车辙的有关参数值或计算已成为路面设计中的一项非常重要的控制指标。然而在我国当前基本上没有相关标准对车辙进行分类，也没有规定达到什么尺寸的车辙必须进行维修处理，高速公路管理部门对一般的车辙只做记录，没有当作进行路面维修的重要决策依据。目前我们国家对路面车辙养护技术的研究大多停留在养护措施的技术层面上，对于防护决策的
29、研究也未取得实质性进展。本文是通过决策支持系统对车辙处理不同技术的资金、工程时间、寿命等对比分析确定经济性、实用性最优的治理方案。信息化被视作现代化行业的生命线，最近10年来国内各行业信息化一直处于加速状态。与此同时，各大公司在信息方面的投入也都是不遗余力。从业务的数据化再到业务的信息化，在以数据的分析研究为基础的数据库决策支持系统建设，在未来的公司发展进程中将会受到重视。本文重点设计与实现决策支持系统，然后研究决策支持系统和它的相关技术。在分析了我国交通信息化发展现状的基础上，本文提出了道路车辙处理的方法决策支持系统的整体的设计思路。车辙的处理应该在道路建设的各个环节给与重视，才能减少车辙的
30、出现。关键词：高速公路、沥青路面、信息化、车辙、决策支持系统1Abstract Abstract As road traffic growth far exceeded the growth of the design expectations ,highway heavy car proportion is rising at the same time, vehicle overloading transfinite phenomenon is very common,Such traffic is a very serious role in the destruction of the
31、 conditions on the road .Under the action of vehicle load and environment factors, and the vehicle load is more and more concentrated distribution in road wheel track ,to caused the channelized traffic, makes our country highway asphalt roadbed rut problem increasingly prominent.In the traffic devel
32、oped country, computing or related parameters of rutting of asphalt pavement has become an important control index in pavement design.However, there is basically no the relevant standards rut classification , there is no provision to achieve and what size rut must be repaired in our country,highway
33、management department to keep a record of general rut, do not as a important decision basis for pavement maintenance.The current research on pavement rutting disease curing technology in China mainly stay on application technology of concrete curing measures level, for protective decision-making res
34、earch is also not made substantive progress.In this paper, by decision support system for dealing with different technologies rut funds, engineering time, life and other comparative analysis to determine the economical,practical optimal governance programs. Information is the lifeblood of the modern
35、ization as the past 10 years, the domestic information technology industry has been in a state of acceleration.Meanwhile, the major companies in the information aspects of the investment are also spared no effort. From the business data into business knowledge based, data-mining-based data warehouse
36、 decision support system construction, information technology companies in the future construction being sought.This paper focuses on decision support systems design and implementation, and decision support systems and related technology research and exploration. In the analysis of the status and tr
37、ends of development of information technology, based on the proposed rut process decision support systems overall design concept and its design .Rutting processing should be in each link gives importance to road construction, to reduce the occurrence of rutting.Keywords: highway, asphalt pavement, i
38、nformation technology ,rutting ,decision support systemIII目录目录摘 要IAbstractII目录IV第一章 绪论11.1概述11.2课题研究的目的及意义21.2.1课题研究的目的21.2.2课题研究的意义21.3车辙形成原因31.4车辙形成过程41.5决策支持系统的形成和国内外发展现状51.6我国道路交通行业信息化发展现状以及趋势分析61.7本章小结7第二章 决策支持系统及相关技术82.1决策支持系统的结构形式82.2数据库管理系统82.3人机交互92.4模型库系统102.5本章小结14第三章 车辙处理的方法决策支持系统的设计153.
39、1系统的总体设计153.2系统的用户分析163.3处理方案执行标准183.4 铺筑试验和方案实验数据记录203.5 系统开发的设计结构和架构模式203.5.1系统开发的设计结构203.5.2系统开发的架构模式213.6系统的实现环境223.7本章小结23第四章 道路车辙处理方法决策支持系统的设计实现244.1道路车辙处理方法的决策支持系统的实现框架244.2 道路车辙处理方法的决策支持系统各个子系统的设计254.2.1联机分析处理子系统254.2.2关系管理子系统264.3管理子系统的实现26第五章 结论与展望315.1论文研究结论315.2下一步工作的展望31参考文献33致 谢35IV第一章
40、 绪论第一章 绪论1.1概述 决策支持系统(Decision Support System ，简称DSS)是辅助决策者以模型、知识和数据，通过人机交互方式所进行的半结构化或非结构化决策的计算机应用系统。决策支持系统是管理信息系统(mis)向更高一级发展而产生的先进信息管理系统。它为决策者提供问题的分析、模型的建立、决策过程的模拟和方案的环境，通过调用各种信息和分析工具，达到帮助决策者提高决策水平和质量的目的。决策支持系统，是以运筹学、管理科学、行为科学、和控制论为基础，通过仿真技术、计算机技术和信息技术等手段，针对半结构化的决策问题，支持决策活动并且具有智能作用的人机系统。该人机系统可以为决策
41、者提供所需的信息、数据和背景资料等，来帮助明确决策的目标和进行问题的识别，修改或建立决策模型，提供出各种备选的方案，与此同时通过人机交互功能对各种方案进行分析、比较判断，提供决策支持，来达到正确决策的目的。决策支持系统（DSS)的概念是提出于20世纪70年代，在之后的80年代得到了迅速发展。DSS的产生有以下原因：传统的MIS并没有真正的给企业带来有效的提升；而且人们对信息规律认识得到了提高，面对不断变化的环境，要求更高层次的系统来直接提供决策支持；与此同时快速发展的计算机应用技术为DSS的发展提供了最基本的物质基础。 现在DSS在经历了20多年的发展时间里，可以概括为以下的5个阶段：基于模型
42、库系统为核心的决策支持系统；基于模型计算与知识推理结合的智能决策支持系统(Intelligent Decision Support System，IDSS)；基于数据仓库(Data Warehouse，DW)为核心的决策支持系统；基于客户JR务器(clientserver，CS)为核心的决策支持系统；以Web Services为核心的决策支持系统。 决策支持系统（DSS）的发展体现了决策支持系统本质的演变：DSS早期利用的是数据资料(数据库)和模型资源(模型库）支持决策，然后到了智能决策支持系统（IDSS）利用模型资源(模型库)和知识资源(知识库)相结合的支持决策，再到基于数据仓库（DW）的决
43、策支持系统利用数据资源(数据仓库)来支持决策。由于Internet网络的发展和普及，在计算机网络上这些决策资源(知识、数据、模型等)以服务形式提供给客户。因此决策支持系统概念就变得更明确为了：针对决策问题，决策支持系统利用决策资源(知识、数据、模型等)进行集成和组合，建立解决方案，然后通过方案的多维数据分析、知识推理和模型计算，以及方案的逐步修改，然后接近解决决策问题的系统。知识资源、模型资源和数据资源(数据库与数据仓库)在网络上都是共享的资源。决策支持系统（DSS）就在于怎么可以有效地利用这些决策资。，针对决策的问题，把决策资源能够组合成解决方案，一方面可以建立多个方案，另一方面又可以去修改
44、方案，然后通过大量的推理或者计算，最终达到支持决策的目的。决策通常情况下不可能一次完成，而是一个逐渐迭代的过程。决策能够通过计算机决策支持系统来完成，即通过计算机功能来辅助我们确定目标、拟定方案、分析评价方案以及验证模型等一系列的工作。在这个决策过程中，通过采用人机交互方式，由决策人员确定出各种不同方案的参量参数并决策出方案。1.2课题研究的目的及意义1.2.1课题研究的目的 道路车辙处理的方法决策系统是在现有的道路车辙处理方案的基础上，结合车辙处理的不同方法、资金、工程时间等各方面数据，为高速公路公司建立一个集处理资金、工程时间、寿命、造价等的决策支持系统。同时可以灵活地运用模型和处理方法对
45、数据进行汇总、处理、分析和预测，得出所需的综合信息与预测信息，具有方便的人机对话和图像输出功能，可以满足管理使用者随时查询数据的需要，与此同时必须具有良好的通信功能，以保证能够及时的获得所需要的数据并将其处理结果传送给管理用户。为管理者提供寿命、造价等的合理方案等信息，以此为公司做出科学的预测和调整选择策略的决策依据。1.2.2课题研究的意义车辙的出现尤其会降低道路的路用性能，也成为事故发生的一个重要原因。随着公路交通量的迅速增加，汽车轴载的加大，我国公路沥青路面的病害问题也越来越棘手，因此公路也就不可避免地出现了例如裂缝、车辙、沉陷、坑槽、波浪、拥包、表面松散、剥落等道路病害。在诸多病害之中
46、车辙是比较严重的一种，车辙不仅会导致路面积水，道路厚度减薄，直接影响行车的舒适性和安全性，还会引起路面其他破坏形式的产生和加剧。（如图1-1）。 图1-1 道路车辙影响沥青路面车辙深度的主要因素是沥青路面结构和沥青混凝土本身的内在因素，以及气候和交通量及交通组成等的外界因素。基于此，我们应该做系统调查，并进行了试验研究和分析，以找出车辙损坏的原因，为车辙治理和防治提供参考依据。现阶段减少车辙病害产生的基本思路一般是从设计、施工着手全面控制好路面质量，从运营、养护着手采用科学的管理手段与养护新技术改善路面行驶性能，从公安、交通部门还应加强对车辆超载的治理，这样做能预防车辙产生，提高行车的舒适性，
47、同时延长沥青路面的使用寿命。而针对已经形成的车辙病害治理方式也不尽相同。针对一种具体的车辙病害简单的采用一种处理方式往往会导致处治效果不佳，造价过高等问题。在交通发达国家，沥青路面车辙的计算或有关参数值已成为路面设计中的一项重要控制指标。而我国目前基本上没有相关标准对车辙进行分类，也没有规定达到什么样的尺寸的车辙必须进行维修处理，高速公路管理部门对一般性车辙只做记录，没有当作进行路面维修的重要决策依据。当前我国对于路面车辙病害养护技术的研究大多停留在具体养护措施的应用技术层面上，对于防护决策的研究也同样未取得实质性进展。高速公路公司通过决策支持系统集成车辙处理的各方面数据，可以实时分析车辙处理
48、的不同方案的优缺点。高速公路公司通过决策支持系统分析数据，通过指标和模型进行预测并及时调整策略的选择和做出决策，从而提高决策质量。1.3车辙形成原因沥青路面出现车辙，是因为路基、基层的永久变形加上面层不断变形所导致。但是, 当今高等级公路大都使用半刚性基层,路基与基层的变形量在车辙总量中逐步减少。在高等级公路的沥青路面中，使用半刚性基层的路面产生永久变形量占了绝大部分，在总车辙量的90%之上。在实际经验与路面观测中可知, 在受力时, 沥青混合料发生粘性流动变形，并不是荷载作用时间越长，它也无限增长。当时间慢慢过去，它的增量也将逐渐减小，并且将会趋于零。由此看来，随着时间的发展，粘性流动变形将趋于恒定值，这就是叫固结效应。一旦卸载后, 沥青混合料的弹性即刻恢复, 然后再随时间推移，粘性流动变形却无法恢复, 于是就形成了永久变形, 这就是路面车辙。车辙是内因、外因及其他因素综合作用的结果。沥青路面的车辙影响因素可以归纳为以下几点： 一、混合料类型的影响 矿料与沥青混合料拌和而成的混合料即为沥青混合料。按制造工艺分为热拌沥青混合料、冷拌沥青混合料、再生沥青混合料等。沥青混合料是一