1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling habits are under way. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Super bowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spec
2、tator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture.That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continenta
3、l affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national cor
4、porations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology,
5、blit made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.The skillful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own
6、 sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical. Willi scats at US $125, gate receipts along were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV ad
7、vertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minutc halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea i
8、s unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see tha
9、t they play at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Title” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!1.Globalization
10、of sporting culture means that（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes?3.As is used in the passage, globalization comes closest in meaning to（ ）.4.What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?5.Why should the title
11、 fights in boxing be held in different countries of the world?问题1选项A.more people are taking up sports.B.traditional spoils are getting popular.C.many local sports are becoming international.D.foreigners are more interested in local sports.问题2选项A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of traditional games.C
12、Communications technologyD.Marketing strategies.问题3选项A.commercializationB.“westernization”C.“speculation”D.“standardization”问题4选项A.Favorable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.问题5选项A.Because they are very exciting.B.Because people do not want to pay to see them.C.Because people want to see the most ex
13、citing games.D.Because they are less exciting【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”（We are witnessing a globalization of our spoiling culture）。接下来举了自行车竞赛（bicycle race）的例子，提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎，最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者，美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐，由此可以看出这项本来只在当地
14、流行的运动走向了国际，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化（全球化）无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业，他们在团队上投入了数百万美元，期望获得全球回报，所以选项A与全球化有关，排除；该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命（This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology），由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除；该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛，你
15、同时也在推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”（Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well）。综上，选项B符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“文章中的全球化与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报（Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams），以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做
16、各种产品的推广；文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动，而是为了增加对观众人数，增加商人们的利益（The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking events. The economics of the Super bowl are already astronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相当于“商业化”，选项A符合题意4.观点态度
17、题。题目问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的，目的是为了获得更多的广告收入，而不考虑这项运动的完整性”（The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relics for its essence on the flowing nature of the action），由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的，选项D符合题意。5.推
18、理判断题。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场，我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化，我们需要观看高水平的比赛”（Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see that they play at a higher and higher level），因此选项C符合题意。2. 单选题During the 1992 pres
19、idential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protec
20、t Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-down
21、 nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James Mor
22、gan.Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. Kelley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this doe
23、snt sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels fre
24、sh, though, is Mrs. Kelleys descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillary Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee, an
25、d not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural tension between Mother and Hillary.” said Clinton. “I guess thats as good a way to put it as any.” replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that its I Hilary. Because Ill tell you this: for
26、 me its Hillary or its nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldnt stand it，” she writes. “Here was this woman 1 didnt understand, didnt feel comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”Theres a lot thats moving about Mrs. Kelleys story, partly because of the way she handles her final illness.
27、You cant tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked doctor. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marriages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her sons Inauguration and the gala that night.
28、What a night it had been” she wrote. -a magical evening.”1.Virginia Kelly might be best characterized as（ ）.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son was motivated to go into public service by his （ ）.3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries The underlined words suggest that-Kell
29、eys death was（ ）.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With My Hear is（ ）.5.Hillary differed from Clintons former dates primarily in（ ）.问题1选项A.genuineB.moroseC.pitiableD.elitist问题2选项A.difficult childhoodB.meeting with President KennedyC.law studies at YaleD.desire to change the world问题3选
30、项A.honored with artillery fireB.mourned nationwideC.marked by numerous death noticesD.ignored by the press问题4选项A.vivid and interestingB.refined but southernC.monotonous and blandD.earthy but incredible问题5选项A.being educated as a lawyerB.wearing stylish glassesC.being indifferent to her appearanceD.be
31、ing a direct northerner【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Virginia Kelley的性格能被最好地定义为”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识克林顿
32、之后认为他会从事公共事务（She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世”。由这里的“book arrives just a few months”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为Leading With My Hear的风格是”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录，所以
33、感觉不真实”（But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing
34、 like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated），因此选项C“不注重外表”符合题意。3. 单选题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lo
35、bby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growi
36、ng threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Mouse, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The presi
37、dent of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best jud
38、gments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure, this is a dangerous game
39、 by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing: a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global war
40、ming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the plant, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won
41、t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of
42、new power plants to our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that .2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as（ ）.3.What does the author mean by “paralysis by
43、analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)（ ）.4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global wanning（ ）.5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because（ ）.问题1选项A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the num
44、ber of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense问题2选项A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide问题3选项A.Endless studies kill actionB.Careful investigation reveals truthC.Prudent
45、 planning hinderD.Extensive research helps decision-making问题4选项A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plantsB.Raise public awareness of conservationC.Press for further scientific researchD.Take some legislative measures问题5选项A.they suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is app
46、licable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to wors【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到怀疑者认为“（抽烟有害健康）证据不足，科学也无法给出确定的解释，而那些反对吸烟的游说团体想破坏我们的生活方式而政府却置若罔闻”（That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismo
47、king lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?），因此选项C“人们有选择生活方式的自由”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第二段第四句提到“科学永远没有答案。但是科学确实为我们指导着未来的方向，重要的是我们的国家和世界各国在制定重要政策时，应该根据科学所能提供的有关当前行动会造成怎么样后果的最佳判断作为依据”（Science never have all the answers. But science does provide us with the best
48、 available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions），因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者通过说分析导致麻痹案例是想表达什么”。文章第四段最后一句提到“他们只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究而不是行动方案这是典型的分析导致麻痹的
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