1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Correct ideas are not（ ）in the mind, but come from social practice.问题1选项A.learnedB.friendlyC.impartedD.innate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项learned“博学的，有学问的”；B选项friendly“友好的，亲切的”；C选项imparted“给予的，授予的”；D选项innate“先天的，固有的”，句意：正确的思想不是头脑中固有的，而是来源于社会实践。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。2. 单选题A
2、 great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) -rich and the info-poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were t
3、he new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more p
4、eople online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide w
5、ill narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. Bu
6、t it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of
7、 infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so onwere built with
8、 foreign investment.The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.
9、The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how impor
10、tant they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.1. Digital divide is something（ ）.2. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it（ ）.3. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of（ ）.4. It s
11、eems that now a countrys economy depends much on（ ）.5. The authors attitude towards foreign investment seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.getting worse because of the InternetB.the rich countries are responsible forC.the world must guard againstD.considered positive today问题2选项A.offers economic potentialsB.can br
12、ing foreign fundsC.can soon wipe out world povertyD.connects people all over the world问题3选项A.providing financial support overseasB.preventing foreign capitals controlC.building industrial infrastructureD.accepting foreign investment问题4选项A.how well developed it is electronicallyB.whether it is prejud
13、iced against immigrantsC.whether it adopts Americas industrial patternD.how much control it has over foreign corporations问题5选项A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：数字鸿沟是_。通过题干关键词“digital divide”定位到第一段。第一句是对“数字鸿沟”所下的一个定义。其后作者提到My wife and I lectured
14、 about this looming danger twenty years ago（他和妻子20年前就谈到这种隐伏的危险），这里的looming danger指的就是“the digital divide”，即在世界范围内产生信息富裕和信息贫乏的两类国家。当时，作者就认为前途是乐观的，因为早在20年前就已经出现了一些防止产生这种分化的积极因素，只是当时这些因素还不太明显。同时定位到第二段，作者提到了“因特网的普及使这种鸿沟正得到缩小”，可见，A选项“因为因特网而变得糟糕”与原文意思相反，是错误的。B选项“富裕国家应该承担责任”，此内容文中没有提到，属于无中生有，所以B选项不正确。D选项“今
15、天被认为是积极的”，根据第二段最后一句And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had.（网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困。），在作者看来，这种鸿沟是不好的现象。D选项的说法显然是错误的，因为作者就是要消除这个鸿沟。综上所述，C选项“全世界都要警惕”，是正确的。2.事实细节题。题干：政府重视因特网是因为它_。通过题干关键词“government”“internet”定位到第二段，文中提到An
16、d that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had.（政府之所以大力推广因特网是出于因特网可能成为消除贫困的最好的工具的考虑）。第三段更是提到“But it has enormous potential”（因特网可能具有巨大的潜力）。因此可以判断A选项“提供很多经济可能”是正确的。B选项“可以带来海外投资”。在第四段The more foreign capital you have helpi
17、ng you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be.（在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资越多，你将变得越富裕。）。作者建议贫穷国家在利用外资方面放弃一些过时的偏见如殖民、侵犯主权等概念，积极利用外资建立自己的电子基础设施，以便充分利用国际互联网提供的机遇，走向富裕。这里的逻辑并不是互联网带来外资，而是利用外资发展网络工程，所以B选项不正确。C选项“能很快消灭世界贫困”。虽然作者提到了国际互联网的利
18、用可能是战胜贫困的工具，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，把这种力量转化为现实则取决于不同国家的努力，并没有说能够很快消除贫困，C选项不正确。D选项“将世界人民连到一起”。正像上面所分析的，政府关注国际互联网是因为它为经济的发展带来的巨大潜力，而不仅仅是它将世界连成一片这个事实，D选项过于片面。综上所述，A选项为正确答案。3.作者意图题。题干：作者提到美国的案例是为了证明_政策是对的。在第四段，美国和巴西的例子都被作者用以说明拋弃过去的在那种在利用外资上的过时的反殖民偏见，提出充分利用外资建立电子基础设施的重要性，并且指出，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕。因
19、此可以判断正确选项是D“接受外国投资”。A选项“为海外提供资金支持”，把吸收外资的重要性和美国提供海外资金混淆起来。B选项“防止外资的控制”，第四段最后两句指出，利用外资并不意味着缴械或受愚弄，也不意味着放任外国公司肆意妄为，此说法无法从美国这个案例中推断出来。C选项“建立工业基础设施”。由以上的分析可以看出，本文提到的不是建立“工业”基础设施的问题。C选项错在“工业”这个概念上。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。4.推理判断题。题干：现在，一个国家的经济看起来极大地依赖于_。文章最后一段提到哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕。这里的“第三次浪潮”指的就
20、是“电子基础建设”。因此选项A“它的电子发展程度”是正确的。其他三个选项中，B选项“它是否歧视移民”和D选项“它对外国公司的控制有多大”，在文中都没有提到，属于无中生有，排除。C选项“它是否采用美国的工业模式”，再次出现“工业模式”，因此不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。5.观点态度题。题干：作者对于外国投资的态度是_。文中作者提到，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”的基础设施上利用外资多，哪个国家就将变得更富裕。说明作者对外国投资属于积极的态度，选项A“肯定的，积极的”是正确选项。B选项“消极的，否定的”，C选项“冷漠的”，和D选项“悲观的”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项
21、3. 单选题Mutual respect for territorial（ ）is one of the bases upon which our two countries develop relationships.问题1选项A.reliabilityB.unityC.entiretyD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reliability“可靠性”；B选项unity“团结，一致”；C选项entirety“全部，完全”，强调整体，例句：The peace plan has not been accepted in its entirety by all part
22、ies.（该和平计划还没有被各方全部接受。）；D选项integrity“完整；正直”强调领土完整不可分割，例句：Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.（分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。）。句意：相互尊重领土完整是两国发展关系的基础之一。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。4. 单选题Loudspeakers are fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.m
23、ust haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】考查目的状语从句。so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词can/may。但是本句主句用的是过去时态，所以从句也应该用相应的表示过去的时态，因此C项may have应该改为might have才正确。A选项ought to“应该”，强调主观上的应当，含有责任，义务，故排除。B选项must have“必须要”，语气过于强烈，故排除。只有D选项should have“应该有”符合题意。句意：礼堂里安装了扩音器，以便大家都可以听到演讲。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5. 单选题The mechanic j
24、acked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。6. 单选题Look,（ ）in his usual T-shirt.问题1选项A.here does Henry comeB.here comes HenryC.he
25、re Henry comesD.comes here Henry【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。表示地点、时间和方向的副词放在句首时，句子使用完全倒装，句意：看！罗宾来了，穿着往常的T恤衫。所以本题B选项正确。7. 单选题The tone of the article（ ）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿
26、制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。8. 单选题Important people dont often have much free time as their work（ ）all their time.问题1选项A.takes overB.takes awayC.takes inD.takes up【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take over“接管，借用”；B选项take away“拿走，带走”；C选项take in“吸收，接受”；D选项takes up“开始从事，占据”。句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据
27、了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor-scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback.
28、Policemen use telephone, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical i
29、nventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution of criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of
30、 known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，驾驶小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻的做法。各区便捷的电话网使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件侦破，计算机将搜索指纹所花费的时间
31、由几小时减少到几分钟。证人对罪犯的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也用于帮助揭露真相。10. 单选题Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic valu
32、e and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or o
33、ther sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental va
34、lue they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we
35、can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to t
36、heir interests than we give to our own, provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.T
37、he question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously overcrowded. This
38、 may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at
39、which the total amount of welfarethe average multiplied by the number of peopleis as great as possible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.1. The first paragraph is mainly about（ ）.2. We owe nothing to the fut
40、ure generations（ ）.3. Population policy we take should be considered（ ）.4. According to this passage, optimum population（ ）.5. The proper title for this passage should be（ ）.问题1选项A.the intrinsic value of human experiencesB.the intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animalsC.the intrinsic val
41、ue of ecological system as a wholeD.an ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value问题2选项A.in the authors opinionB.from a social contract view of ethicsC.for a utilitarianD.for most environmentalists问题3选项A.positiveB.negativeC.complexD.reasonable问题4选项A.refers to the population size at
42、which the average level of welfare will be as high as possibleB.refers to the population size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possibleC.is a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the futureD.is a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has su
43、ccessfully settled in Reasons and Persons问题5选项A.A Mystery in Applied EthicsB.Our Obligations to Future GenerationsC.Environmental EthicsD.Environmental issues【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_。A选项“人类经历的内在价值”，B选项“非人类动物经历的内在价值”，C选项“生态系统作为一个整体的内在价值”， D选项“一个关于内在价值本质的古老伦理问题”,前三个选项在第一段中
44、都有提到，但并不是主要问题的所在，而第四个选项，在第二句话中就点了出来，前三个选项是第四个选项的展开说明，故D是正确答案。2.推理判断题。题干：我们不欠后代任何东西_。根据关键词“owe to”“future generations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句话From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing.（从伦理学的社会契约观点或道德自我主义者的角度来看，答案似乎是：什么都不亏欠。），可知，B选项“伦理学的社会契约观点”，是正确的。文章
45、并没有提及作者个人观点，所以A选项“在作者的观点看来”排除。从文章第二段第五句话Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests
46、 than we give to our own.（然而，其他大多数伦理理论确实考虑到了后代的利益。举例来说，功利主义者不会认为，后代成员还不存在这一事实，是我们对后代利益的考虑少于我们对自己利益考虑的任何理由。），所以C选项“功利主义者”排除。环境保护主义者也认为，我们应该为后代考虑，所以D选线项“环境保护主义者”排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.事实细节题。题干：我们采取的人口政策被认为是_。根据关键词“population policy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句话明确指出The question becomes much more complex, however（然而，问
47、题会变得越来越复杂），所以本题的正确答案是C选项。4.细节推理题。题干：根据文章，最适宜的人口数量_。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合适的人口数量的问题。用两个问句提出对这一问题的两种可能的答案，即Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfarethe average multiplied by the number of peopleis as great as possible? (是在人口规模上，平均福利水平会尽可能高吗？或者是总福利的规模平均乘以人口的数量尽可能大？)，并在结尾的最后一句话中指出，and the question remains one of the most baffling myster
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