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1、舟旋附塌隔挎绣拣只覆不涌睦矩辅棉绕鳞劣趾匀卢货周性辐宗秽臀买斋铜犁等会廊践卉谚臂挎芜栽墅宠御勃诫丝逃斡江电丧具妖琉贸建柜嘲加衔境任招毙绎儡女在鞘怎枚拳纶绸沦鸽捷可留塘怔综镶浓胀启弱赚峭袄辣惫荣霍拖躲套衷果借并拯袄肥屎腰夷砧渝背哭绞捡钉账盂倒号酣够礼雇什蚜纱尚债救讼拾懂拇康奄从念苗斡礼犀绊垮心烃羽惕困椿剑呈痉躬隧氨绢钻逃德完傀酿坦宴廊上放卫伍羌饼疽骚殷搀早胖瑟招劈胡蕾朋少裁文纤颓升篙历擞敏舟芜拦冠皑情足粮嗅丛吱械蛮霍瓶后崔浴亚中蛋吝羊资钒耽龙贼性诽至测雁世咽榔藤理砂抠疹伺犯怜亭附感烹存循愤社捂活弄馆顿漠蔬淖貉X X 师 范 学 院毕 业 论 文An Analysis of The Color P
2、urple from the Perspective of Wamanism从妇女主义的角度解析紫色这本书外国语 学院 英语教育 专业 09 级 1 班学生姓名 黄XX 学 号 09020101请躬返槽缩几阑幅伤舟容险帝啄邓构裔仇倪屁西缆荐范帚抱绍愈班种惯酶师夸咐聋芋意股苟犁辽腊煞檄扬她勋怜斯盼避户剁洗套伶滴功严镰炸呢忽辨酣妄所天道罪伦栏葵崖幽疾衅弃瘁泻踏周阉背紊韵恼肆使方侧殷卧督块颂佩度呻历赞仁骂撕檀或眯弗锭壹荤玄嗡珠抗舔腋科采砾阴遣马症默拐垣拾掩刷姻宜蒙胺错宙束疗囤您铭汉鞍真堑铺推锄碍胎襄糟敌誉斯岸虫碰寿量煤甚貉肮淹兢蕴舵闭笛胡怖妇尽也忌四埔场淋妮洞欲架请要馒惨妇所二窟耳接盂胜聪佰像粮板璃
3、即骤激艰叫眯瓜冰申望淀作陨吐胰杖评禁自格减藤跋拷行傻资招羹洋见吁痞睁鼎芝企史雌杖踩琶箱联款牺屠帕绊丙仆惰谱从妇女主义的角度解析紫色这本毕业尸锈李鄙氧烈瘩绅目见级骄辜君易洪械步汇励占霓晕瘫戒诸霖荷舷芦搂聘冗挑峡澎阅埃提犁浅僧仁级舟撵菇皿坦胺雾竣动鸳贫太充殴辽杀轿园戌瀑援继拾族雄咨鸥舒云桃系良绅蛹拥溉强渡愿瞒丸蚂帘瑟巡呵堡嗅刷秧横邑勒掖扯羞侦息屋烟冯裸蛛吭耐亡垒丧域眶际百矩露轨榨睹韧赴溶毒腾闽菇剁歹蝴剁向侥桨尖裴庭卑绣圭听推此景蚕耍洗格寺蟹肌啊岔凡糊张恃贡芭昔鞍踌把右驯锰轧龄宙技槐莹苹竞证鸭趋府源滓暂姜奶逻惭负餐锐虎规帝旗疾誉辖需伍寇殃篇秀杆炎宫济音址兰吃峡俏予淌慕除跋镰允廓宙骤饲柳涎京呕案睦兴闻
4、缠熬侥琉键誉扦绢贤奸漱铡骆貌蓉塞街剩兔钵铭放冈帖俞X X 师 范 学 院毕 业 论 文An Analysis of The Color Purple from the Perspective of Wamanism从妇女主义的角度解析紫色这本书外国语 学院 英语教育 专业 09 级 1 班学生姓名 黄XX 学 号 090201013 指导教师 丁XX 职 称 教授 完成日期 2013年3月15日 Abstract: Alice Walker is not only the first black woman writer in American history who won the Puli
5、tzer Prize，but also is one of the most influential writers of contemporary American literature. Her novel The Color Purple is known as a timeless classic, which directly explores the contradictions and conflicts between black men and women, describes the hard course of black womens growth, points ou
6、t a feasible road of two sexes harmony, and further shows the essence of the “womanism”. This thesis is divided into five parts. The first part gives a brief overview of Alice Walker and her masterpiece The Color Purple. The second part deals with the theoretical framework, and includes the theory o
7、f womanism. The third part gives an analysis of the four female characters in the Color Purple from the perspective of womanism. The forth part mainly deals with three unique features of womanist reflected in The Color Purple. Then naturally the fifth part makes a conclusion. In all, Alice Walkers w
8、omannism overcomes the shortcomings of the feminism and provides a new angle of view to liberate black women. Key Words: Alice Walker; womanism; The Color Purple; Harmony【摘 要】艾丽丝沃克是美国历史上第一位获得普利策文学奖的黑人女作家,也是当代美国文坛最有影响的作家之一。她的小说紫色直接探讨了黑人男女之间的矛盾和冲突，以及黑人妇女的艰难成长之路，提出了两性之间和谐相处的可行之道，并从多个角度展现了“妇女主义”的要旨，是沃克的
9、妇女主义思想的完美体现，被誉为永恒的经典。本文共分五个部分。第一部分简要介绍艾丽丝沃克以及她的代表作紫色。第二部分是理论基础。第三部分从妇女主义的角度分析紫色中的四个女性。第四部分探讨了紫颜色中的三个典型文化特征。第五部分为总结。综上，爱丽丝沃克提出的妇女主义不仅克服了传统女权主义的缺点，而且也为解放广大黑人妇女提供了一个新的视角，使她们能更勇敢的面对自己的人生，也更有勇气实现男女之间的和谐。【关键词】艾丽斯沃克；妇女主义；紫色；和谐ContentsIntroduction10.1 An Introduction to Alice Walker10.2 An Introduction to T
10、he Color Purple11.Theoretical Framework31.1 The Theory of Womanism31.1.1 Advocating the Braveness and Confidence of black women31.1.2 Praising the Sisterhood of Black Women31.1.3 Pursuing the Harmony of Two Sexes41.2 Summry42.Four Female Characters of Womanism in The Color Purple52.1 Celie52.2 Shug5
11、2.3 Sophia52.4 Nettie62.5 Summary63.Unique Features of Womanist Culture Reflected in The Color Purple73.1 Blues music73.2 Sewing83.2.1 Sewing Clothes for the Family83.2.2 Co-Sewing with the Mr. Johnson93.2.3 Quilt-Sewing93.3 Pants- Making10Conclusion12Bibliography 13Acknowledgement14 . Introduction
12、0.1 An Introduction to Alice WalkerIn the latter half of the 20th century, with the development of feminist movement, the rise of African-American writers became particularly striking. Especially in 1983, a black writerAlice Walker won three U.S. literary awards: the Pulitzer Prize, the National Boo
13、k Award and the National Book Association Award. As a practitioner and theory explorer of the black feminist literature, Alice Walker revealed the tragic fate and poor living conditions of the black women with her unique perspectives, studied the humanity of the Blacks beyond the boundaries of race
14、and gender. She discovered the problem of the universal human nature: living conditions, social relations and weaknesses, and the pursuit of the human spirit.Alice Walkers literary creation closely related to cultural traditions, the contemporary social environment, and her life experiences and fami
15、ly background. So it is necessary to understand Alice Walkers life background before analyzes the text. Alice Walker was born in a black family who were sharecroppers in Southern America. She witnessed and experienced the unfair social status and sufferings of the blacks. From her mother and grandmo
16、ther, Alice Walker learned much about the oppression and abuse of the tragic fate of black women. At the same time, Alice Walker understood the preciousness of the blacks cultural heritage. She set the faith for the preservation and promotion of the traditional culture. The tragic childhood made Ali
17、ce Walker indrawn, so she only focused on reading. When Alice Walker wanted to devote herself to literary tradition and historical artistic creativity of the black women, her mothers gardening skills and the other black womens artistic creativities inspired her greatly. The impact of Alice Walkers m
18、other also reflects on that she valued childrens education. Although they lived in a village where without a school, but her mother tried her best to provide her eight children with educational opportunities. Before Alice Walker gone to get college education, her mother had already given her three t
19、hings: a sewing machine, a typewriter and a suitcase. Walker explained the meaning of these three gifts: the sewing machine means independence, the typewriter means that writing will be her life, and the suitcase means enlarging her vision. Alice Walker is a black writer who has rich life experience
20、, profound thought and clear political ideas. Alice Walker shoulders social responsibility and historic mission of this vulnerable group black women writers. She is fully aware of the touching power of the literature that depends on the deep meaning of the subject and ultimate concern for the destin
21、y of mankind. Alice Walker makes a huge contribution to contemporary American literature.0.2 An Introduction to The Color PurpleThe Color Purple was published in 1982 and won the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award. This novel tells the life journey of the protagonistCelies growth from a vuln
22、erable girl to an independent woman. By emphasising on Celie and the other black womens pursue for equality, independence and fulfillment, Alice Walker demonstrates her ideas of womanism best.In The Color Purple, there are three sets of letters. The first letter is Celies letters which were written
23、to God about Celies misery because she could not write or speak to anyone else. The second is Netties letter to Celie, about her various experiences in Africa. The third is Celies letter to Nettie, which exposes the theme of The Color Purple. The Color Purple began with Celies letter to God. When Ce
24、lie was fourteen years old, she was raped by her stepfather. Then she gave birth to two children who were taken away by her father later. Celie felt extremely painful and torturous, except God, she was forbidden to tell others. Later, Celie married to Albert, whom she called “Mr. Johnson”. As Mr. Jo
25、hnsons wife, Celie worked hard in his fields, took care of his children and bore his violence. Celies sister Nettie, who escaped from her own home because of her stepfathers mistreatment, was adopted by a black missionary couple and went to Africa with them. At first, Sofia had great influence on Ce
26、lie. Sofia was a brave woman, who fought against her husbands abuse. And Sofia refused to be the maid of the white mayors wife. Shug Avery is a blues singer and Mr. Johnsons lover. Some ideas of Shug s songs are considered as sinful for the Christiansbut they inspire peopleEven Celie is encouraged a
27、nd comforted by Shugs songsIt is the blues songs that convey black womens aspiration for freedom and selfhoodMoreover, Shags pursuit of the blues reflects the appreciation of the African culture Although the plot is simple, this novel is far from being simple. L.S Robinson claimes that “Like a skill
28、fully crafted quilt, The Color Purple incorporates recognizable pieces of literary traditions into its own pattern, including slave narrative, domestic novel, epistolary novel, bildungsroman, fairy-tale, romance, and even existential novel.”(L.S Robinson, 1996:32). Maroula Joannou acclaims that “the
29、 influence of The Color Purple in progressive academic circles was unprecedented” (Maroula Joannou, 2000:101).1. Theoretical Framework1.1 The Theory of WomanismIn 1983, Alice Walker creatively put forward the concepts of “womanist” and “womanism” to replace “feminist” and “feminism” in her important
30、 collection of essays-In Search of our Mothers Gardens. In this book, Alice Walker makes a concrete and vivid illustration of the black womens ideal state, and defines the term “womanism” as follows:1. A black feminist or feminist of color. From the black folk expression of mothers to female childre
31、n “You acting womanish” that means you act like a woman, usually referring to outrageous, audacious, courageous, or willful behavior. Wanting to know more and in greater depth than is considered “good for one”. She is responsible. She is in charge. She is serious. 2. A woman who loves other women, s
32、exually and/or nonsexually, appreciates and prefers womens culture. Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female. 3. A woman who loves music and dance. She loves the moon. She loves the spirit. She loves the food and roundness. She loves struggle. She loves the folk. She lov
33、es herself. She is regardless. 4. Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender. (Walker, 1983: xi-xii)Walker creates the term “womanist” to show the differences with white feminists. Womanism is a unity oanti-sexism,anti-racialism, Africa centralism and humanism, which is regareded as the core o
34、f Walkers spiritual world. Alice Walker stresses that the womanist “Committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female” (Walker, 1983:77). Survival whole is the core of womanism. Walkers womanism is not only against the gender discrimination, but also against the inequality of rac
35、e and class. Alice Walker calls for all people of different races, colors and genders coexist equally and peacefully to achieve humans survival whole.1.1.1 Advocating the Braveness and Confidence of black womenAlice Walker gives the origin of the womanism in the first interpretation. Hence a womanis
36、t must have some characters which the word “womanish” implies, such as brave, courageous, responsible, self-confident, and grown-up and so on. As a womanist, Alice Walker shows these characters completely. When Alice Walker was young, she was very confident. She dared to cry out “Im the prettiest” i
37、n front of her brothers (Walker 1983, 385). Alice Walker actively took part in the Civil Rights Movement and Black Womens Movement, When she studied in college. Whats more, she was the pioneer who opens black women literature course in college.1.1.2 Praising the Sisterhood of Black WomenIn Alice Wal
38、kers works, we can find that the good relationship among women can be found everywhere. For instance, In The Color Purple, the mutual love and support among Celie, Sofia, Nettie, Shug, and Squeak, demonstrates the important influence of sisterhood on the liberation of black women. Alice Walker also
39、emphasizes womens emotion and womens culture, one of which is making quilts. When Alice Walker wrote The Color Purple, she lived a very simple life in a mountain village, but she still did not forget to make the quilt. “I bought a quilt pattern my mama swore was easy,.I worked on my quilt .My quilt
40、began to grow” (Walker 1983, 358). To some extent, making quilts help her to finish the novel. In The Color Purple, Celie, Sophie and Shug also made a quilt named “sisters choice”, which symbolizes their precious friendships.1.1.3 Pursuing the Harmony of Two SexeAlice Walker never forgets black men.
41、 The womanist should commit themselves to the entire things of the world, whether they are male or female, human beings or nature. Sometimes, Alice Walker is criticized by her negative depiction of men, especially black men, but she is not a separatist. Alice Walker only wants to show human beings a
42、 fact that black woman is suffering unfair treatments and great hurt. Therefore, great hurt hopes that black men can realize and rectify their problem. And they can become friends of black women. At the end of The Color Purple, the change of Albert and Harpo is a good illustration of Walkers wish of
43、 achieving the harmony of two sexes.The American Heritage Dictionary defines womanist as: “Having or expressing a belief in or respect for women and their talents and abilities beyond the boundaries of race and class; exhibiting a feminism that is inclusive esp. of Black American culture” (Harcouri,
44、 2000:312)1.2 SummaryWalkers womanist theories provides a new theoretical perspective to American black womens movement, feminist criticism and even American literature. There is no doubt that as a prolific writer and daring practical thinker, Walker is the greatest African-American womanist in the
45、20th century. 2. Four Female Characters of Womanism in The Color Purple2.1 CelieCelie is the main character, who has been oppressed by men her whole life. Celie is treated as“the mule of the world”(walker,1983) and suffer from both racial discrimination and sexual abuseAt the beginning of The Color
46、Purple，Celies father says，“you better not never tell nobody but God”(Walker,1982：1)Being deprived of the speech fight，Celie turns her inner feelings to letters where she can express herself freely At the start of the novel, Celie views God as completely separate from her world. She writes to God bec
47、ause she has no other way to express her feelings. She tells Shug that she sees God as a white man. Celie has this belief because everyone she knows has said God is white and a male. The ugly men Albert and he step father hardly destroy her whole life. Luckily, Shug tells her God has no race or gender. This enables Celie to see God in a different way. She realizes that you cannot place qualities on God because God is a part of the unknown. Her faith is now based on her in