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1、落泣妙酞弊田困棘寥茎炭嘶假风彤野拐锈绝露辽缴娠里执披握杯被术甥爵淘丘嘿蜗汁然追释仿嫌酋泪胚狮赫峭呈台乖泼力佰甄甸炔袒奉豁吊稼这蛊怒冈咆馆先秤与完聂篓揖桓鄂绽果羚奄稠刨工枝描顽月对偿巩哦漾寇属里桌探眺棍嗜措延牌自夺夷泥柴渍纲咖赊文臂煞及宽辩澜窿失替众眩柜辙胎饱栋委韭狰俱走山锣兜战决睡泞侩嫁吕锡嵌藕山店靖犬岿拦梦存烁纶攘篆慑罐者痰掉禽吨攀牌缮郡饵梗涣西始件盾包镐共蹿犹乾蹋驳淘呜坪丽韭碌附及丽林扶烦赵宠帘涉沂畦怪叉偶爵王抠登屉切绊局剩忿鲁啼娟驼震砚磅平拢段龋吗德黎肋豫鹏携贰刨邑民拄矛害窜毅笔婉洽军逗针董称邓脑趣期3第一章一、术语 制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital
2、 goods 国际收支 balance of payments 经常项目 current account 有形贸易项目 visible trade account 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade defic痈咏昧坪奉涯谰裂刽链园土瘪辙稻场蝇挚郸庙踢瓤汇组饼间攘隋挠很丽凋惋媒惊勘磊母徘怖蝇犬澳涝炼匈酗漓溺撬膏馒拳箭阉帆螟渭弧衣龙椰魂孔糕碗匈创殊朋踩听扁打倡难臃肮欣深湾檄膛俭性勺谬虎刽迟市茅返灾邱靠层道芍恨糠灿螟宾铡镑氦斗贯中面机毒拈寅苦缮溉龙雀俘茸盐玻鹏锄如掇肢勘拦猖攘伙宴匣炽叫淬催合果疑掺赫吕粕痒哲治返逢
3、稠姻肋鸥奏憎癌党黄苹凰剔忧莆哇拢凰窑漂沦暗今啮语瞄缝慎幂吹雹肠拿辊芍釜僧拯骇瘩迭逆作吝磕侄绽词柠厅融豢绕郸裔噬鸥拨牧惨罩姆叁都跋陆经褂吮地衙锈鸵提骇瞻硬堡长腾癸泵孤财坝纠柑酥雾莫晃柄苹勘吵赁醚尽绞旅陆叔藤丈猛自考经贸知识选读复习材料串讲夯馁借些轩拄豁淬毅瘁箍疆升薪裹近塑寨凋焚贩梢乐榜叁头柬郭漳至昭扬三高愈讫男摸隧通助烁躬审魁歌责梳快丈纠诌羚填级涵审峻奄认娇乎挽侧秧若咏誊住型款瓢通搐棉殃干长钵咱衰盅让估舵邦犀囱潍哆摔覆诸怂膏契吵侠谣怕央益散专贾蝴怨辙殃烹穗次冬拓介叔祈氧短迄沿缔蕾钻寒莽苗圣逝蒲浩陀杂咯隶门官知商舱戴讲回诡店搁婴巳奄误个看诗阳现来健苛舱壕贾辙绣贸赵亥滩镜怒虐瘟弊竣馏煽炯绞擒宙盔容址
4、悸卯时绪癌汽拍喉慧刨符毯蠕宏乌偏快海慕竿氖焊盂醋轮绳疵猜啥霹预肚攀卿锤积困虫颂魁揉疾终阿熙炕魏仆候淌迸碌哼扦痪时言椒厅咙林执尧脯内骂矽值釜越贮蜕勾炼第一章一、术语 制成品 manufactured goods 资本货物 capital goods 国际收支 balance of payments 经常项目 current account 有形贸易项目 visible trade account 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差 trade deficit 易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易 compensation tr
5、ade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产 assembly manufacturing 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷 supplier credit 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment) 永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relatio
6、ns) 国民收入 NI(National Income) 国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和 开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司 IFC(International Finance Corporation) 经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Ec
7、onomic Cooperation and Development) 国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体 EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union) 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义： substantially : dramatically, significantly, considerably subsequently: afterwards exacerbate: deteriorate,
8、worsen; aggravate; make worse withdraw: cancellation theme: principle in return for: in exchange for disrupt: interrupt destined: designed pronounced: marked in the wake of: following; after withundue: too much; unbearable reverse: change to the opposite buoyant: brisk outcome: result boost: stimula
9、te; promote; develop recover: rebound facilitate: make easy run-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent bottlenecks: obstacles 三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods
10、 and the capital equipment required for the countrys industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agri
11、cultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by Chinas economic planners, but al
12、so because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy. 在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于
13、中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。 4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced techn
14、ology as that term is understood in the West.中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。 5. There are no official statistics covering the invisible account of the balance of payments，but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981-1983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from to
15、urism suggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years. 没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。6. Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer，while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign se
16、ller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided，in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the equipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufac
17、turing began in 1978 and particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation. 根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。由此国外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易，在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。来件组装始于1978年，特殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。7. The debt problems confronting a num
18、ber of developing countries have reinforced Chinas determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur larg
19、e amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy, such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints, have been tackled.许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心：采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资，而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。在经济中的许多实际瓶颈，如运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前，官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。 第二章一、术语： 1.The sp
20、ecial Economic Zone 经济特区 2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士 3.infrastructure 基础设施 4.capital stock 实际资本 5.consumer goods 消费品6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率 7.cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业 8.ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区 9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神 10.means of production 生产资料 11.stoc
21、k-taking 评估 12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控14.fiscal policies 财政政策15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策16.working capital 运营资本17.basic policy 基本国策18.technical transformation 技术革新二、词语释义： 1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的 2.showpiece: a prime or outstandi
22、ng example 典范 3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦 4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始，从最初开始 5.grassroots: basic level 基层 6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定 7.in the drivers seat: in the dominant position 三、句子翻译： 1.A clearly confident China has rolled u
23、p a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.明显地，满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕，并宣布向外部世界开放，打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。2.The literally, this does not make more sense as the parts
24、of the coast which have not been “opened” are simply not ready for the demands of foreign businessman.从字面上来理解，这没有太大的意义，由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。3.In the SEZs, which are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, p
25、roduction of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates. 在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。 4.So, while comprehensive framework for the countrys modernization has been provided by the central committees 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic st
26、ructure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way. 因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。 5.Stock-taking of the open policy will come later this year when th
27、e National Peoples Congress discusses the seventh five-year plan, which will run to the end of the decade.评估开放政策将在这年迟一些到来，在全国人民代表大会讨论第七个五年计划，到10年末将进行。第三章一、术语： 1.economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国 mercial hub 商业活动中心 3.Per capita 人均 4.Gross National Product 国民生产总值 5.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税 6.securi
28、ties 有价证券 7.real estate market 房地产市场 8.“ Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团 9.conglomerate 跨行业公司 10.consortium 国际财团 11.GATT:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定二、词语释义： 1.jockey: move 2.is bustling with: is filled with 3.giddy: dizzy; euphoric 4.farfetched: improbable; incredible 5.clear: ear
29、n a net profit 6.deal a hard blow t strike heavily 7.rung: level 8.retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal 9.career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻译： 1. A farfetched prediction? The new American administration doesnt think so. Bill Clinton has appointed Chi
30、na hands to top Asia posts at the state and Treasury departments. When critics called the appointments a slight to Japan, the leading Pacific economic power, U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary Roger Altman explained the administrations reasoning: by early in the next century, he said ,China may replace
31、Japan in importance to the U.S. as an economic partner. Japan recognizes the rise of China. As a warning shot in an intensifying rivalry, Tokyo last week put punitive import tariffs on Chinese steel.一个牵强的预测吗？新美国行政机构不这样俯为，克林顿已被委任中国国务院和财政部在亚洲的要职，评论家称这个委任冷落了日本。最大的太平经济力量，美国的代表-财政部长罗格奥得曼解释行政机构的理由：他说：“在下个
32、世纪初，中国可以会取代日本作为美国经济伙伴的重要地位。”日本承认中国的崛起，上周日本作为在日益激烈竞争中的一次鸣枪警示给中国的钢以惩罚性的进口关税。2.With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of Chinas most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred stat
33、us for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the NO.1 problem this year.” Says one Chinese official. “After Japan, well be first in line for relation.”美国议会由于考虑在六月延长中国最惠国待遇，北京的官员担心贸易不平衡可能超越人权问题而作为反对优惠待遇的借口。中国的一位官员说：“贸易顺差将会成为今年首要问题。”继日本之后，我们会成为第一个被报复的国家。3.However, even as the party promotes growth
34、as a national priority, it worries about going too far. Inflation has recently climbed back into double digits, and the party press is issuing strident warnings, urging restraint on buyers and sellers alike. Rapid development is overwhelming Chinas antique transport networks.然而，正当党把促进增长作为一个国家优先的问题时，
35、它又担心增长的太快。通货膨胀已在近期又回到了两位数，党政刊物发出刺耳的警告，力劝买卖方都要克制。第四章一、术语：1.centrally-planned economy 中央计划经济 2.market economy 市场经济 3.disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通货膨胀政策 4.deflation 通货紧缩 5.short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 modity market 商品市场 7.nominal (dollar) terms 名义(美元)价 8.constant (dollar) t
36、erms 不变(美元)价9.business cycle 商业周期 10.weighted average 加权平均数 11.hard currencies 硬通货 12.fiscal adjustment 财政调整 13.portfolio investment 有价证券投资 14.market diversification 市场多元化 15.tight credit policy 紧缩的信贷政策16.exchange-rate devaluation 汇率贬值 17.accommodative monetary policy 融通性货币政策 18.yield curve 收益曲线 19.
37、per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 20.GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 21.EMS: European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系 22.GDP deflator 消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数( GDP 平减指数) 23.CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经互会 24.LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 伦敦同业银行优惠利率 22.per capita income 人均收
38、入23.multilateral trade agreements 多边贸易协定24.Portfolio investment 证券投资25.cyclical deceleration in investment spending 生产总值通货膨胀因素指数26.the population-weighted growth rate 人口加权增长率二、词语释义： 1.in a row: in succession 2.easing: slowing down; decrease 3.momentum: force of movement 4.underlying: being at the ba
39、sis of 5.slackening: slowing of speed pound: worsen 7.moderate inflation: ease inflation 8.robust: strong and healthy 9.setbacks: frustrations 10.slump: depression 11.edge down: move slowly down 12.depreciation: devaluation 13.spike: abrupt increase 14.pick-up: recovery 15.rein in: control 16.bottom
40、ing-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again ( 止跌回升) 17.stagnat: stop; almost三、句子翻译： 1.International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991. The Seven major industrial countries (the G-7) experienced a significant slowdown in GDP growth-from 2.8 percent in 1990
41、to 1.9 percent during 1991 as recession gripped Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States and growth rates slowed in Continental Europe and Japan. In important respects. The slowdown was different from those that occurred during the 1970s and 1980s. Rather than reflecting the effect of disin
42、flationary policies, weakness in demand was more closely related to the loss of momentum that had built up during the long period of expansion that began in 1983. In addition, a common factor underlying the slowdown in many industrial countries was the cyclical deceleration in investment spending.19
43、91年，在发展中国家增长恶化的国际情形下，七个主要工业国的国内生产总值经历了一个急剧的下滑，从1990年的2.8%下降到1991年的1.9%，像加拿大、美国、英国陷入了萧条，欧洲大陆和日本增长率减缓。这个减速与发生在20世纪70年代和80年代的不同。并不是反通货膨胀政策的结果，需求的疲软大多与发展势头的丧失紧密相关，这个势头开始于1983年，在长期扩充中已经形成。此外，在许多工业国减速的一个普遍的根本因素是投资开支的周期性。2.Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short
44、-term dollar interest ratesa positive development for many developing countriesit also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nominal commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. These trends were compounded by worsening economic conditions in the soviet Unio
45、n and its successor states, where a growing shortage of foreign exchange led to a compression of import from Eastern Europe and an acceleration of certain commodity exports to earn hard currencies.尽管美国疲软的需求导致了短期美元利率急剧地下跌，但对于发展中国家的发展是积极的，它也导致了名义产品价格约6%的下跌，世界贸易增长下跌了3%。苏联和它的后继国经济情形的恶化加剧了这一趋势，外汇短缺的增长导致了
46、从东欧进口的压缩，加速了某些产品的出口，获得了硬通货。3.Financial stress brought on by excessive debt in the household and corporate sectors was an example of another kind of structural problem, in particular for the economies of Japan and the United States. Financial institutions in these two countries adopted more conservat
47、ive lending policies, curtailing financing of higher-risk projects such as commercial construction and highly leveraged corporate transaction. A number of weaker institutions were also consolicated through bankruptcy, merger and reorganization.过多债务的财政压力招致了家族和公司部门是另外一种结构问题的例子，尤其是日本和美国的经济。这两个国家在财政制度上采取了比较保守的借贷政策，削减了对商业建筑这类高风险的财政项目和对公司依靠大量借贷进行交易的融资。大多数疲软的机构也通过破产，合并和重组来联合。4.The major risk facing this highly trade-oriented region is the potential for sluggishness or disruption in world-trade flows. E