英译汉看这个就够了Translation of English idioms.doc

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1、Translation of English idiomsIdioms includes colloquialisms,slangs and proverbs习语包括俗语,谚语和俚语IdiomA group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word.SlangVery informal , sometimes offensive , language that is used especially by people who belo

2、ng to a particular group.ProverbA shot well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true.The ways for translationLiteral translation 直译法Corresponding translation 套译法Explanation translation 释义法Free translation 意译法在具体操作过程中,这几种方法是相互兼顾,相互补充的。能直译就直译,能意译就意译,能套译就套译。以不损害原作

3、的“异国情调”为前提,以保持“原汁原味”为特色,便是译者应遵循的翻译原则。1. Translation of English Idioms习语的翻译 1.1直译法不违背译文语言规范,不引起错误联想,能保持英语习语的比喻、形象、民族特色、地方习惯的译法。a die-hard死硬派think tank思想库time frame时间框架the hot line热线paper tiger纸老虎armed to the teeth武装到牙齿comfort woman慰安妇to burn ones boats破釜沉舟to fan the flame(s)煽风点火to turn a deaf ear to充

4、耳不闻to have a well-oiled tongue油腔滑调a gentlemans agreement君子协定an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth以眼还眼,以牙还牙Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧Long absent, soon forgotten.久别情疏Add fuel to the fire.火上加油Run with the tail between the legs.夹着尾巴逃跑walls have ears 隔墙有耳Under ones nose 在某人鼻子底下Packed like sardines 挤得像沙

5、丁鱼罐头Sour grapes 酸葡萄The Trojan horse 特洛伊木马The heel of Achilles 阿基里斯的脚跟The sword of Damocles 悬在达摩克利斯头顶上的剑The cold / hot war 冷战 / 热战An olive branch 橄榄树枝The open-door policy 门户开放政策The most-favored-nation policy 最惠国条款Shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交A cat has nine lives 猫有九命Blood is thicker that water 血浓于水Barking d

6、ogs do not bite 吠狗不咬人A rolling stone gathers no moss 滚石不生苔1.2. Corresponding Translation 套译法 用译文语言里的同义习语去套译原文中的习语的一种翻译方法套译法实际上也属于归化译法(domestication),但这种套译的机会不是很多。在翻译习语时,有时在汉语中可以找到内容、形式、修辞色彩大致相符的习语;有时甚至连形象、比喻也相同或相似,即译文和原文在内容和形式上相符,意义和修辞色彩相同,形容比喻相同,则用相对应的同义汉语习语套译更感贴切,并能保持“原汁原味”。但套译时,一定要注意原文的地理、历史、人文、习

7、俗等文化色彩。castle in the air 空中楼阁to go through fire and water 赴汤蹈火to laugh off ones head 笑掉牙齿to praise to the skies 捧上天去the apple of the eye 掌上明珠Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。Life is but an empty dream. 人生如梦。Give him an inch and hell take an ell. 得寸进尺。Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。He spent money

8、 like water. 花钱如流水。/挥金如土An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。The fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼To add fuel to the fire. 火上浇油To be on thin ice. 如履薄冰Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁A drop in the ocean 沧海一粟To shed crocodile tears 猫哭耗子/老鼠To be out at el

9、bows 捉襟见肘At sixes and sevens 乱七八糟Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy 一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃To take French leave 不告而别A stony heart 铁石心肠At ones fingertips 了如指掌To have a hand like a foot 笨手笨脚As mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉To return good for evil 以

10、德报怨To shut ones eyes against 视若无睹To talk black into white 颠倒黑白To turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧Plain sailing 一帆风顺To be dead drunk 烂醉如泥Laugh and grow fat 心宽体胖Tweedledee and Tweedledum 半斤八两To fly into a rage 勃然大怒To look for a needle in a haystack 海底捞针A leap in the dark 轻举妄动To show

11、ones colors 原形毕露To make a noise in the world 名噪一时More haste,less speed 欲速不到Neither fish not flesh 不伦不类To pick holes in 吹毛求疵To mind ones P s and Q s 谨言慎行To be at the end of ones rope 山穷水尽To flog a dead horse 徒劳无益To turn over a new leaf 改过自新To put all ones egg in one basket 孤注一掷1.3. Explanation Transl

12、ation 释义法 以忠实通顺地表达原习语的思想、内容、意义为目的,采用解释说明手法,表达原习语在上下文中的涵义。一般对原文中的习语,不逐字逐句地去翻译,而是按语义、修辞或句法的需要,增加一些解释说明的词,补充完善原习语的意思。释义法翻译一般用在双语文化或语言的差异很大,译入语难以直接表达的场合。 英语习语包含民族形象和文化特征,为了保持原文的特色,保证译文含义明确,经常采用释义注释译法,使读者不至于感到困惑和误解。beltway connections 华盛顿政界的各种关系(Beltway原指华盛顿市的道路环线)to meet ones Waterloo 败走麦城(遭到惨败)skeleton

13、 in the cupboard(closet) 家丑the touch of Midas点石成金the Trojan horse特洛伊木马(内部颠覆者,起内部破坏作用的人或事物)to take French leave 不辞而别;擅自行动to pull the wool over ones eyes 掩人耳目to open Pandoras box 打开潘多拉盒子(引起疾病、罪恶、疯狂等各种祸患)1.4. Free Translation 意译法 忠实于原文的内容,又不拘泥于原文的形式而采用的按原文意思翻译的一种译法。to beat about (around) the bush拐弯抹角to

14、 break the ice 打破沉默to dog-ear a book 折书角to hold ones horse 忍耐to know the rope 内行a fish out of water 好不自在Call a spade a spade. 有啥说啥;直言不讳From the egg to the apple.自始至终From the egg to the apple.自始至终At breakfast, eat like a king.早饭吃饱。At lunch, eat like a prince. 中饭吃好。At supper, eat like a pauper.晚饭吃少。Ro

15、lling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔(搬家不聚财)。under the counter (table) 鬼鬼祟祟2 俚语的翻译(Translation of Slangs)俚语,是俗语的一种。是通俗的、粗俗的或通行面窄的方言词,不属于标准英语的范围。俚语不但出现在口语中,而且也出现在戏剧、电视、电影以及小说的对白中。俚语一般可分委婉语、咒语和粗俗语。俚语常把人们最熟悉的词搭配在一起,所表达的意思与字面意思完全不同。这使得人们在翻译时常犯经验主义错误而望文生义。如遇到像这样的貌合神离或貌似神离的俚语时,一定要考虑语境、联系实际、多读多看、勤查辞典来理解、翻译。2.

16、 1 名词词组baby kisser (误:亲小孩的人;妈妈)为竞选而到处笼络人心的政客backseat driver (误:后座司机)因瞎指挥而坏事的人bad sailor (误:坏水手)晕船的人better half (误:较好的一半)丈夫或妻子blind date (误:失明的日子)由两人或为两人安排的初次约会bug doctor (误:臭虫医生)精神病医生;心理学专家busy-body (误:忙忙碌碌的人)爱管闲事的人carry the torch for sb.(误:撑火把为别人照亮)单相思,痴恋 confidence man (误:信得过的人)骗子dead president (误

17、:死去的总统)美钞dime store (误:银店)廉价商店end paper (误:最末的纸片)衬页 goo goo eyes (误:双眼模糊;看不清)秋波,媚眼goose flesh (误:鹅肉) 鸡皮疙瘩gut course (误:肠道)易得学分的大学课程 happy money (误:幸福的钱)供零花的钱leg show (误:大腿表演)脱衣舞 mash note (误:破碎的钞票)男女之间私约偷情的条子 night cart (误:夜车)粪车oil burner (误:燃油器)破旧的汽车2. 2 专有名词词组 American Beauty (误:美国的美女)美国四季开花的蔷薇Chi

18、na policy (误:中国的政策)对华政策Dutch courage (误:荷兰勇气)酒后之勇Dutch treat (误:荷兰招待) 各自付钱的聚餐English disease (误:英国疾病)软骨病French grey (误:法国灰)浅灰色French window (误:法国窗户)落地长窗Indian meal (误:印地安饭)玉米粉Robinson Crusoe (误:鲁宾逊克鲁索)孤独的人uncle dudley (误:花花公子大叔)自己Uncle Sam (误:山姆大叔)美国人Uncle Tom (误:汤姆大叔)美国黑人2. 3 动词短语to beat a dead hor

19、se (误:打死马)枉费心机to bring down the house (误:把房子拉倒)赢得满堂喝彩to call somebody names (误:喊某人的名字)辱骂某人to cut somebody dead (误:砍死某人)假装不认识某人to follow like a sheep (误:像羊一样跟着)盲从to give sb. a box on the ear (误:把盒子放在耳朵上)打耳光to pull somebodys leg (误:拉某人的后腿)开某人的玩笑to make horseplay (误:演马戏)胡闹,搞恶作剧to go fly a kite (误:去放风筝)

20、滚开to have a fall (误:摔跤)被捕to know a thing or two about sth (误:对某事略知一二)精通某事to make a killing (误:杀人)发大财to think a great deal of oneself (误:为自己想的太多)过高地估计自己to turn ones coat (误:换大衣)背叛补充练习pig head (误:猪头)顽固分子pill pusher/sawbones (误:药品推销员)医生;毒枭road apples (误:撒在路上的苹果)马粪(道路上一堆堆的)red tape (误:红色带子)官僚主义salt hors

21、e (误:咸马)腌牛肉salad days (误:光吃色拉青菜的日子)最幸福的青春岁月see red (误:看见了红色)大怒,大发雷霆smoke-eater (误:吸烟的人)消防队员snap course (误:睡觉课)易得高分的大学课程straight from the shoulder (误:平直方正的肩膀)直接地,坦率地student driver (误:见习司机)教练车sweetie-pie /sweet pea (误:甜馅饼;甜派)爱人,情人a leak/ wet (误:漏水;湿) 小便throw the bull /talk horse (误:谈论牛马)吹牛,闲聊lay an eg

22、g (误:下蛋)失败3 谚语的翻译 (Translation of Proverbs) 谚语是人们经常使用的固定而简短通俗的话语,概括在劳动、生活和社会活动的体验与观察所得的经验和教训中,是语言财富。谚语是实践经验的结晶,是社会经验的总结,是思想智慧的火花。谚语具有诗歌的活泼,文学的凝重,熟语的简洁,道理的深刻,寓意的广远,因而在各种文体中常见。其洗练和深刻是一个民族在其漫长的语言文化发展中大浪淘沙,去粗存精的结果。谚语是孤零零的,常无上下文。谚语涉及有关国家的文化背景、源远流长的方言土语、生活习俗、乡土文化等,地域性很强。由于中西文化思维方式的差异,有些谚语在西方人看来言简意明,而对我们来讲

23、却难以准确理解和表达,这就是谚语难译的主要原因。只有提高鉴赏能力,获得广泛的知识,理解文化差异才能做好谚语翻译。Beyond the mountains there are people to be found.山外有山,天外有天。A book is known in time of need. 书到用时方恨少.Cry for the moon. 海底捞月。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起,富裕、聪明、身体好。Even a worm will turn. 人急造反,狗急跳墙。Fe

24、ed a cold and starve a fever. 伤风时宜吃,发烧时需饿。Great hopes make a great man. 宏伟抱负造伟人。He that is down, down with him. 落井下石。He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 不犯错误的人一事无成。Like cures like 以毒攻毒。A lions skin is never cheap.好货不便宜。A fool always rushes to the fore. 愚人总喜强出头。A maid that laughs is half taken. 姑

25、娘露笑脸,婚事成一半。A ragged coat may cover an honest man. 人穷志不短。Theres many a true word spoken in jest.笑语之中有真话。It is as well to know which way the wind blows. 识时务者为俊杰。Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age. 少时有知识,老来有智慧。Life is not all roses. 人生征途,哪能处处鲜花密布。Life is half spent before we know what it is. 懂得人生时,人生已

26、过半。Gold remain , gold, though it lies in the mud. 即使埋在泥里,黄金还是黄金。补充练习None but the brave deserves the fair. 英雄才能配美人。The pot calls the kettle black.责人严而律己宽。A flow of words is no proof of wisdom. 口若悬河并非明智的表现。A book that remains shut is but a block. 有书闭卷不阅读,无异是木头一块。 A friend to everybody is a friend to n

27、obody. 广交友,无深交A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight. 一首伟大的诗篇犹如一泓清泉,不断喷吐出智慧和快乐的水花。Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢,疏而不漏。 A word is enough to the wise. 对智者一点就通。Dry feet, warm head, bring safe to bed. 头要暖,脚要干,上床睡觉保平安。He that sups with the devil must have a long

28、 spoon.和坏人打交道,必须提高警惕。He knows most that speaks least. /Who knows most says least. 博学者寡言。A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change.好书千载常如新。Beauty is as summer-fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last. 美貌难持久。Go down the ladder when thou marriest a wife; go up when th

29、ou choosest a friend.娶妻不攀高亲,交友需找名流。Learning to the studious; Riches to the careful; Power to the bold; Heaven to the virtuous.学问属于勤奋的人,财富属于谨慎的人,权力属于勇敢的人,天堂属于正直的人。Effective knowledge is that which includes knowledge of the limitation of ones knowledge. 越有学问越谦虚。A friend in court is better than a penny

30、 in purse. 曩中有钱,不如朝中有友。 Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。 If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 吃得苦中苦,方知甜中甜。Joy put heart into a man. 人逢喜事精神爽。Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud. 知识令人谦虚;无知使人骄傲。Love understands love; it needs no talk. 爱情可以意会,无需言传。 Man proposes

31、, God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。No man (or one) is wise at all times. 聪明一世糊涂一时。 The best remedy against an ill man is much ground between. 敬而远之。翻译下列谚语 Still waters run deep. 水静流深、大智若愚Fair faces go places. 和颜悦色的人办事顺利Art is long; life is short. 人生有限,学问无限Bell is known by the sound. 听音便知钟好坏Great honours are g

32、reat burdens. 德高望重All men of action are dreamers. 有幻想才有作为The mind of the man is the man. 心如其人No autumn fruit without spring blossoms. 有春华才有秋实Where there is least heart, there is most talk. 诚实最少话最多Blessed are the pure in heart. 清心者有福First class men are hard to come at. 人才难得Enough is as good as a feas

33、t.知足常乐Manners maketh man. 举止造人品Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧In the deepest water is the best fishing. 深水有好鱼Techniques of Translation Borrowings 外来词的翻译1 音译法 (Transliteration)音译法是用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词或词组的发音而引入吸收新词的一种主要方法。A. 全音译全音译是指全部按照英语单词的发音来选择汉字表达的翻译方法。这种译法很有异国情调,给人以新鲜感,时髦感,体现时代精神,紧跟时代潮流。

34、analgin 安乃近Bisquit 百事吉copy 拷贝Delicious 得利斯Fieyta 飞亚达Kodak (film) 柯达Ford 福特Lactov 乐口福Lucky (film) 乐凯Paloma 百乐满party 派对Polaroid 宝利莱salad 色拉Shampoo 香波toast 吐司B. 部分音译部分意译部分音译部分意译是指在英语名词音译前或后再加上说明性文字,让人们知道该名称的性质是什么。但随着该词的流行和接受程度,意译部分逐渐淘汰,弃而不用。iscuits 曲奇饼Bowling 保龄球Clean & Clear 可伶可俐洗面奶Disco迪斯科舞Jacket夹克衫G

35、olf 高尔夫球Good古德面包Head & Shoulders 海飞丝洗头膏Jeep 吉普车More (cigarette) 摩尔香烟Pizza 比萨饼Safeguard 舒肤佳香皂Sardine 沙丁鱼罐头Toffee 太妃糖Top (shampoo) 脱普洗头膏Sony (electronics) 索尼电器Waltz 华尔兹舞C. 约定俗成为了使音译名词不致形成一个错误的概念,应避免使用与上下文联成意义或具有明显贬义意味的字。切忌借题发挥,滥用音译。Bumble 本伯(不译“笨怕”)Carefour 家乐福 (不译 “卡里福” )Congo 刚果(不译“甘果”)Centaur 人头马(不

36、译“神鸵”)Terminal 终端(不译“端头”)姓不必译成汉族人的姓,以免引起误解。 例如:LeMay 黎美(不译“李梅”)Lee Lily 里黎丽(不译“李黎丽”)Mary 玛丽(不译“马丽”)Wood 伍德(不译“吴德”)Victor 维克多(不译“魏克多”)女性人名应女性化。例如:Alice 艾丽丝Anna 安娜Catherine 凯瑟琳Diana 狄安娜Julie 朱莉约定俗成的译名不应重新改译,最好尽量保留原译名。例如:Bernard Shaw 肖伯纳(不译“伯纳肖”)Franklin 富兰克林(不译“弗兰科林”)Kissinger 基辛格(不译“纪新歌”)Thatcher 撒切尔

37、(不译“赛茄儿”)William 威廉(不译“韦廉姆”)在英语中长辈与子女同名同姓时,应译得有所区别。如:George Bush, Sr. 老乔治布什George Bush. Jr. 小乔治布什John D. Rockfeller, Senior大洛克菲勒 John D. Rockfeller, Junior 小洛克菲勒Dumas, pera 大仲马Dumas, files 小仲马D. 常见的音译 音译法常用来翻译专有名词(人名、地名),但有些外来商品的商标,部分书名、电影、电视剧、戏剧名,科技发明创造,以及某些新生事物所产生的新词语也采用音译法。音译往往是不得已而为之,音译过来的东西往往无法

38、从字面上看出其内涵,有时译文会使读者产生文化隔膜,导致理解上的困难。音译地名 (Geographical Names)Atlanta 亚特兰大Boston 波士顿Los Angeles 洛杉矶Marseillaise 马塞Miami 迈阿密Montreal 蒙特利尔Plymouth 普利茅斯Sheffield 谢菲尔德the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾New Jersey 新泽西州Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布Thames 泰晤士河the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河the strait of Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡the Philippine Islands

39、菲律宾群岛音译人名 (Biographical Names) Churchill 丘吉尔Clinton 克林顿Dewey 杜威Diana 戴安娜Jackson 杰克逊Lincoln 林肯Marjorie 马乔里Rambo 兰博Robert 罗伯特Shelly 雪莱Victor 维克多Whitman 惠特曼Wilde 王尔德本名译音,外号译意。人的外号体现了人的某一特征或主要特征,外号一般译意。例如:Cinderella灰姑娘the Devil 魔鬼撒旦Iron Lady 铁娘子(指撒切尔夫人)Snow White 白雪公主Trade Mark 音译商标 Audi 奥迪(轿车)Apollo 阿波

40、罗(飞船)Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) 宝马(汽车)Benz 奔驰(汽车) Boeing 波音(飞机)carnation 康乃馨(母亲花)Chevrolet 雪佛莱(汽车)Colgate 高露洁(牙膏)Compaq 康柏公司(美国电脑生产商)Ikea 宜家 (瑞典有名家具品牌)Marlboro 万宝路(香烟)Maxwell “麦斯威尔”咖啡Nokia 诺基亚(手机品牌)Omega 欧米加(手表)Parker 派克(钢笔)Poison 百爱神(香水)Reebok 锐步(体育用品)Revlon 露华浓(洗发香波)Simmons 席梦思(床垫)Vigor 维格尔(电器

41、);伟哥(药品)Volkswagen 大众汽车(德国)音译书名、电影(视剧)片名、戏剧名 (Titles of Books, Films, TV Series & Dramas) Aladdin 阿拉丁(动画)Annie Hall安妮霍尔Beowulf 贝奥武夫David Copperfield大卫 科波菲尔Dick Tracy迪克崔西Gallipoli 加里波底 Hamlet 哈姆雷特/王子复仇记)Oliver Twist 奥利佛退斯特/雾都孤儿Stavisky 史塔维斯基音译科技文化新词 (New Words of Science-tech Inventions) gene 基因hippie 嬉皮土logic 逻辑model 模特nylon 尼龙Tango 探戈(舞)Tips 贴士Tittup

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