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1、welcome,Do you enjoy this film?,阅读思路 分析与解题方法,By Chen Zhimei Libao Middle School,2010年江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求:,(1)理解语篇主旨大意 (2)理解文中的具体信息 (3)根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义 (4)根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理 (5)理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度 (7)用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换,阅读理解题型,2.事实细节题,3.推理判断题,4.猜测词义题,1.主旨大意题,应试技巧与指导,9,一、主旨大意题,段落（
2、或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：,1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2. What is the authors main point? 3. The main idea of the paragraph is_. 4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5. What does the paragraph mainly suggest? 6. The paragraph centers on the point that_. 7. The topi
3、c sentence of passage is _? 8. Which is the best title?,11,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our
4、environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.,）文首 开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.,Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬)by snakes.“ It was seeing people with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,“ he sa
5、id. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. “I was greatly
6、upset by the story of an old farmer I met .It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to
7、his heart. Rushing home he shouted,Bring me the knife Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.“ “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes“Shu said.,2). 首尾呼应。 为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见. 通常, 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引
8、申或发展的意味,13,A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so
9、 many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his b
10、attle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.,3). 文尾 在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式,14,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight bri
11、ngs light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,4). 文中 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.,Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and
12、decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. The main idea of this paragraph is that
13、 _. A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university. D. Tom received an excellent educati
14、on.,16,5). 无主题句 即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,details,Passage idea,二、细节理解题,事实细节类题目常见的设问方式： Which of the following is true according to the text? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. All of the following sta
15、tements may be true except _. Which of the following is not the result of_? Which of the following is the main feature of _? What can we learn from the passage?,事实细节题解题技巧 1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细
16、节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项 4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,never,the most,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。,事实细节题解题技巧 5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。 6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；
17、原文没有提及.,At the foot of these fairy mountains, the voyager may have seen the light smoke rising from a village. It is a little village with great age , having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists and there were some of the houses of the original settlers living within a few years ,built of som
18、e yellow bricks brought from Holland , having latticed windows(格子窗) What can we learn from the third paragraph? A .There is too much thick smoke in the village . B. The village is very large but it looks old C. The original settlers once built some house of Dutch style D. The village was once very r
19、ich in resources,三、推理判断题,推理判断题常见句型： 1.From the last paragraph, we can infer that _. 2.Following the last paragraph, the author will perhaps _. 3.The text is intended to _. 4.By this passage the author mainly want to say _. 5.It can be inferred from the example that _. 6.The text is most probably tak
20、en from_. 7.What lesson can we learn from the passage?,Its not easy being a teenager（13至19岁青少年）nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he need
21、s to grow while gently letting him know that you youll still be there for him when he needs you. Expect a lot from your child, just not everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely
22、 that hell clarn up. Instead , let him attempt to solve（解决）things by himself. At the same time, remind him that youre always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenagers privacy （隐私）. Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions. Teach your teenager th
23、at the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the familys telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive call
24、s, but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part time job 68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents _. A. how to get along with a teenager B. how to respect a teenager C. how
25、to understand a teenager D. how to help a teenager grow up,Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. info
26、rm,解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选A。,推断题的解题技巧 对作者意图和目的的推理。 考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意，然后分析句子之间的关系，在全面理解原文的基础上，推测出作者的写作意图和目的。 针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理. 作者写文章时，经常持有某种态度或倾向。 作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述，考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇(多为形容词和副词)的分析，来推断出作者的态度和感情，例如作者对
27、某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评还是客观陈述。 数字的推断 细节的推断,四、猜测词/句意题,词义理解题常见的题型有: The author uses the word “” to mean _. The underlined phrase“” means _. According to the passage, the word “”means _. The word “” in paragraph refers to _. By “”, the author means _. which of the following is closest in meaning to “”? What
28、is “”?,Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义 He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. The underlined word means_. A.strong B. firm C. kind D. clever,2) Experience 根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义 Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home
29、. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. The underlined word “rent” refers to_. A.to work to live B. to eat to live C. to teach to live D. to pay to use,3) Related Information 即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。 The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that
30、he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest,4) Guessing from Comparison and Contrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义； Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. country D. house,5)Guessing word from descripti
31、on and exemplification 通过描述和例证猜词 You can take any of the periodicals: Readers, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers,6) Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。 Most women in Ghana- the educated and illiter
32、ate, the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means _. A.
33、Repeated B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick,7) Guessing word from Cause and Result 通过原因与结果关系猜词,Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means _. A. an
34、action movie B.something pleasant to enjoy C. a rest D. something nice to eat,8) Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义,(1)Overwork may cause diseases. 前缀over-的意思是“过分的、过量的”故overwork的意思应为“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes. satisfied的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意
35、思应该是“不满意的”。,9)根据标点符号推测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。,The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite. The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text re
36、fer to _. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers,A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont understand something, they say so. The word “audience” in
37、the paragraph means _. A.students B. people who watch a play C. people who act on the stage D. people who listen to something,10）熟词新意,11）词组推测。尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。,Rainforests like the Amazon are important mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to show the global w
38、arming. Currently the tree in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. The underlined phrase “mopping up” means_. A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping up D. giving out, “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” s
39、ays friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.”(02年E篇） 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was showy D. Dave was shy,12）句子推测,Find the meaning of the underlined part as quic
40、kly as possible,猜你没商量,Are you ready? Go!,1.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学,2.The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡
41、的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的,3.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B. 紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D. 睡意浓的,4.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight,5.All his attempts
42、to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C. 有效的 D. 匆促的,6.Jane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class. Alate Bon time Cpleased,7.Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near A. a bird Ban animal Cth
43、e sun,8.The fresh trout is very cheap, but I dont know how to cook it Afish Bfruit Capple,9.The boy wants to ride a brown pony. Adog Bcat Chorse,10.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter A木匠 B 动物学家 C牧人,注意事项,1.主旨大意题必须通盘考虑,取主题,舍枝节。 符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案 2.文章中的数字、
44、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是细节设题 的重点,若只注意明显的内容,而不注意虚的内容,想当然答题多半会错.因此，必须学会“虚实结合” 3.推测题必须所选有据,避免主观,必须以作者的思维模式为准绳,以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈. 4.猜测题多观察，注意方法，切勿蛮干,牛刀小试 1. The text is mainly about_. A. the price of cigarettes C. the effect of tobacco tax increase B. the rate of teen smoki
45、ng D. the differences in tobacco tax rate 2. What does the author think is a surprise? A. Teen smokers are price sensitive. B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low. C. Tobacco taxes improve public health. D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise. 3.The underlined word “deter “in Paragr
46、aph 3 most probably means . A. discourage B. remove C. benefit D. free 4. Rogers attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of . A. .tolerance B. unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run. B. Low-income Am
47、ericans are more likely to fall ill. C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking. D. Adults will depend more on their families.,Exercise(山东高考2009),1.Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than
48、 doubled-to $1.01 per pack-smokers have jammed telephone ”quit lines ”across the country seeking to kick the habit. 2.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. Theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens , are price sensitive, Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. 3.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise mo