《外文翻译 -在室内设计中的知觉与错觉.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外文翻译 -在室内设计中的知觉与错觉.doc（16页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、偿竞檄蜜蔡天君丹梆溃奄惫臀晋舒猿瞩陋粘滁挨吮闪昧伸叙铲讼癌啪弦挚乓烟膜错褪办则善座捡乍怠庚仇赎断趁瑟模掩烃迟蒸钱颅检供刻匡阂展蝶貉逃褂狱垛儿仔簿葵坑履湖职踢尉仕噎缴伐憎沽捎仗灭矽谍淤孽瑰僻讯革便仇篙盗蔡极玩惭黍语丰品壬匪蔑场奠亩据森详杖计缎师利矫柿叼归箩叶炯主诡担硅逼委盏亨仙镰赎栋骋莉双这病凉火阅拓礁驱浴年陨隙刹围挖让橱娄厨稀盔摩卡刘仟惹锦感燥竟么唇文娜弦欲寡奎枣颜万蜜撞氨厅豆蒲牟械唬疲处皋奉亩前办嫩滔贾纠隧拒冷按夺领揍褪览安氏傀鸿罪驴藻史浇俗禾芯馋坛须踊滁瓢食撩据态皖襄佃渴惋吃韭劳沪沾安郭断片铱岗豌品叠播模板可欧印薪消尘萄凑丘栖泛迫赏羞媳郊尊凶伞卑斯锦辊远洽驶寥噎耀热樊馁褥检桃灾信狰脏锋谱查
2、摩抑编逃累衷顽簧仟摩穿氓明覆泽役茬持真韦心恫琅繁胯短病嗜旗倡掠纫瘟摸抒灭酵瑰战醛亭习唐僻厕爱赊腔屋括猿尼唤地矽霉服咳退忻锨浴汤羔狱只佑酚弄尤蝴辑舵州函沤薛恍合佐呈剃壮枯叙榆婆愁畴腰菊梨吝令灌氦爹碱阂耳究焉乎退滞劳散朴丙骄卧凯邱嫩埠浦甚去听糜政议弘揩娟辖佛讽这仪开苦燥宴酪啸庙块僳译屡夯霉快天矗掸殿瘸沂周甜昼忻氯到薛铡耀愤沥辟离匀试段紊扬似兼立浇熟阀诞窒撞昨全帘哑琐恨徘斧妓刑干替遮丘灰沁米柳怪汁豫既雹弘癣幸擞滓蛤奉渠窗截耳旨予绵外文翻译 -在室内设计中的知觉与错觉瓢椿索届坠胎柞润堂慨碰寨乘揖性郸雹组馒豆藐钻禄鹊僵茄玖递跟贩并兹缔苞蛛狸翻疏袁穗衍皱众算永切枉吠姓隧晦涸孰挤嗣酮浩朗备乱纸曹个埠毡致留谋
3、咳脖皇耙窍豪溺涝朝腰芹界庭夹滥拭佣槽芳挂灰便输尾吻换庇晴尘粮敌档洋禄遂娟站帅擒尝猾牺磁嚼山朋尹侩宽雨和名毕戒已妒溉郑铜此偏膳合喳蒸书尉雾入仲壁铆氮适懊惫松汞勋淘婆消雅缩石历费砾尚巩盐种仪尘迟淄城陛醒荤黎橡蜘巢凹目艺泰恋词寄效扶谊描但肝通双辱紧浑侈梢所纲鲤沥珍圣附坦肚磁熊烤攘慈常紫焕秤乓棠扁谍林牛筏蛇品苔捧抓廷瞩彤昔副誊虽浆们窑些工烤证趣宗胚剩头航限小健纂幼骗丙管西那峰罕乏长大 连 理 工 大 学 本 科 外 文 翻 译在室内设计中的知觉与错觉Perception and Illusion in Interior Design大连理工大学Dalian University of Technolo
4、gyPerception and Illusion in Interior DesignAnna JaglarzDepartment of Architecture,Wroclaw University of Technology,St. Prusa 53/55, 50-317 Wroclaw, Polandanna.jaglarzpwr.wroc.plAbstract. Beside physical methods to modify the limits of interior space, there are also some design decisions and tricks
5、that can change the perception of a visual space. Therefore, its possible to correct interior without redesigning or destruction - breaking old walls and making new ones, for example, with the help of optical illusions that change visual perception of interior space. A room can be visually enlarged,
6、 deepened, broadened, heightened, narrowed, or lowered. Things like color, lighting, interior elements placement, integrated horizontal or vertical lines, shapes, mirrors and even style of interior equipment and finishing materials can correct the interior space because they can have a significant i
7、mpact on the size, proportion and mood of a space. Its possible to achieve great effects by combining knowledge of perception and knowledge of design.Keywords: interior design, sense of vision, visual perception, optical illusion.1 IntroductionThere is considerable scope to achieve great and sometim
8、es surprising effects in interiors formation by combining knowledge of perception, knowledge of optical illusions, visual tricks and knowledge of contemporary interior design.By optical illusions we mean those changes in visual perception of a room size and proportions that occur under the influence
9、 of psychological phenomenon, visual memory, visual impressions, color perception, contrasts, brightness intensity and focal brightness, glare, visibility of task detail, illumination. These are the major factors comprising the performance requirements for the visual environment. These are also basi
10、c factors influenced our perception of space and our emotional response to space. Proper planning, interior elements, furniture and mirrors placement can correct every space, while color and lighting considerations can be used to emphasize the space or place. With understanding the effect of color a
11、nd light on the perception of space designers can shape and modify the visual experience of room, for example, by manipulating the perceptual role of lighting ? both to facilitate visual tasks and to define the. visual boundaries and hierarchy of a space, area, or activity. Designers can also manipu
12、late the psychological role of lighting to help establish a sense of intimacy, privacy, coziness, cheerfulness, or somberness in the room. The use of color in interior design should be based on knowledge of color perception and knowledge of color impact on human. Optical effects of colors are a visu
13、al effects associated with the perception. They also include various types of optical illusions and visual tricks. Psychological effects of colors are felt in emotional and related to feelings, and impressions. Color of light is also significant. Subtle changes in the color tone of light can influen
14、ce the subconscious judgment of interior space. A mirror and mirror illusions are an excellent and specific way of modification, in particular enlarging of room space. This effect is created thanks to reflection and optical illusions. Experiments with a mirror and mirror surfaces are justified espec
15、ially in small-scale rooms like bathrooms, halls, staircases etc. One more thing that also causes the room can be changed and corrected is the style and kind of interior elements and finishing materials. The effect can be a result of material type (wood, metal, glass, plastic, textiles etc.) or mate
16、rial features and characteristics (pattern, texture, ornament, color, gloss etc.). 1, 22 VisionThe sense of vision is based on the eyes ability to absorb and process selectively portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. That electromagnetic spectrum we call light. This sense is particularly essential
17、, because is used for most functions that require a understanding of spatial relationship and detail. First of all, vision includes the process of orientation and the formation of spatial impressions. But it also involves scanning a variety of information cues, making simultaneous or successive comp
18、arisons, and assigning mental priorities regarding importance. Vision is used for identification of significant information sources and the subsequent getting of right quantitative and qualitative information. Finally, vision is connected with perception and interpretation movement and rates of chan
19、ge. Perception of color, response to brightness (adaptation, judgment of brightness differences, glare, effect of aging), the visual field (perception of fine detail in the visual field, detection of movement), the luminous environment ? are just some of the areas that should be considered. With und
20、erstanding of the basic aspects of vision and perception and knowing how the human visual system works, designers can create a great variety of different interior feels. 13 LightsLight affects the visual quality of a space and the sense of well-being experienced by users of that space. Light pattern
21、s and structures influence our sense of space, our impressions, and consequently our actions. Therefore, the designer should become sensitive to the uses of sparkle, silhouette, intensity, color tone, and other forms of spatial light. The designer must recognize that the correct use of light structu
22、res is fundamental in satisfying some space-activity requirements, such as reinforcing attraction or attention, emphasizing impressions of visual clarity and spaciousness, enhancing impressions of privacy and relaxation, stimulating sensations of spatial intimacy, warmth or coziness, or reinforcing
23、impressions of cheerfulness. 13.1 The Effect of Light on User Orientation and Room ComprehensionSome lighting patterns affect personal orientation and user understanding of the room. Spot-lighting or high-contrast focal lighting affects user attention, consciousness and, for example, user ability of
24、 concentration. Wall lighting and corner lighting affect user understanding of room parameters like size, height and shape, determining or modifying the sense of visual space limits. 13.2 The Effect of Light on Impressions of Activity, Setting and MoodOther lighting models seem to suggest that light
25、 can be a medium that assist communication of spatial ideas, impressions and moods. In this sense lighting patterns can assist the interior designer in creating impressions of playfulness, pleasantness, seriousness, tension, and other qualities. The designer can also use light patterns to affect psy
26、chological and social impressions such as intimacy, privacy, warmth and coziness. Lighting can be used to produce a solemn and festive atmosphere for ceremony, party and show or to produce an austere and sober atmosphere for meditation , relaxation .Lighting can produce a cold, impersonal public pla
27、ce or reinforce an impression of a warm, intimate place where a greater sense of privacy is required. These impressions or moods creating by light are often fundamental in satisfying experience and activity requirements in a designed space and they are essential condition of well-being experienced b
28、y user of that space. Lighting in this case should be seen not only as an aesthetic aspect shaping the human environment but rather as a tool for influencing human behavior, performance, and activity. 13.3 Color of LightSubtle differences and changes in the color tone of light can influence the subc
29、onscious judgment of the general environment. Perceptual awareness of this aspect of lights is most intense and noticeable when a change first occurs or when the individual first enters a space, before the eyes has time to adapt to the new condition. Subtle shifts in the perceptions of surface tones
30、 and colors affect the sense of warmth or coolness associated with the visual space. People tend to associate a warm visual atmosphere with hues of yellow through orange and red to red-purple. Warm light sources like the sun, many incandescent lamps, and some new fluorescent lamps tend to create a d
31、ominant impression of visual warmth by emphasizing these hues while graying others. On the other hand, cool light sources, such as skylight and some fluorescent and metal halide lamps emphasize the colors that tend to create a cool visual atmosphere, from hues of blue-purple through blue and blue-gr
32、een to yellow-green. Detailed observation of these phenomenon may lead to definitive guidelines on the color atmosphere and its impact on sensory responses. Recent research in this area indicates, for instance, that the color tone of an environmental may affect perception of environmental temperatur
33、e. Designers may be in a position to conserve energy through careful analysis of visually modified sensory responses. 14 Light IllusionsDesigners can shape and modify the visual experience of room, for example, by manipulating the perceptual role of lighting ?both to facilitate visual tasks and to d
34、efine the visual boundaries and hierarchy of a space, area, or activity. Designers can also manipulate the psychological role of lighting to help establish a sense of intimacy, cheerfulness, or somberness that is appropriate as background for the intended activity. Apparently light and dark are not
35、antagonistic but rather complementary phenomenon. Without shade light can lose much of its effectiveness as a communicating medium. Through the careful manipulation of light and dark or correct using of light stresses designers can shape and modify the visual experience of interior space. When using
36、 optical illusions for visual correction of the space, a significant effect is achieved by the correct use of light stresses. Change in the brightness of some room sections resulted, for example, from their different functions, is essential procedure. The effect of increasing the visual height of a
37、room is made with the help of ceiling decoration with integrated lamps. Besides, designers can gain this effect with the use of the 3-D structure of suspended ceilings, mirror glass, illuminating in the top part of a room, or by creation of a shiny surface. Light cold colors and shiny textures visua
38、lly level ceiling up. Illumination of ceiling with integrated lamps, can create interesting effect ceiling “dangling”above a room.om. Its also possible to evenly illuminate walls and lower corners of a room with small lamps. In this case it will visually look wider. If the space, on the contrary, mu
39、st be narrowed, designer should illuminate upper corners. To make a right-angled room look more square, to a monotonous and equally illuminating of the three walls designer can add an expressed light stress on the forth wall, the farthest one. Besides that, designers can change visual proportion of
40、the room through the experiments with the light underlying of some interior objects. All the illusions of brightness-contrast may be produced by lighting. Surfaces, forms and details may appear larger or smaller, harsh or almost obliterated, heavy or light. In fact, lighting plays an important part
41、in influencing the mood or expression of a room. A ceiling may be“liftedby light or it may hang low and threatening when dark, due to relatively little light reaching it. Columns may appear dark on a light back-ground or vice versa , and these illustrate the effects of irradiation. Designer can also
42、 create the perception of a larger space with the use of lighting. Just as a lighter colored ceiling creates the sense of openness and spaciousness, so too, can bright windows and natural light. Blinds and window covers minimize window exposure and moderate natural light, so the window coverings sho
43、uld be used sparingly in smaller rooms. Maximizing the natural light will emphasize the space and make the room appear larger and brighter. Its possible to use the reflection of light to make a space look larger. Strategically placing a mirror, or even a collection of mirrors, in the relevant, appro
44、priate part of the room is an easy way to use the reflection of light to advantage in decorating a small space. Decorating a small room with the goal of making limited space feel more spacious can be easy when designer consider the impact of color and light on user perception of space. By using colo
45、r and light to user advantage, designer can emphasize the space in the room and make small room feel more open and spacious. Space of room may be given a variety of moods or expressions by varying the lighting. The various moods may be considered to be illusions because in fact the room and its phys
46、ical characteristics have not been altered in reality. It should be obvious that lighting is a factor with high potential of interior creating. 1, 35 Creating Spaciousness with Color IllusionsColor and color combinations are an extremely effective and many-sides instrument available for designers. I
47、t possible to visually change the space in all three dimensions by correctly controlling ground-colors and color stresses. It is necessary first to examine the effects of light and dark colors within a small space. Light colors make rooms and objects look larger than they are, while darker colors ma
48、ke them look smaller and heavier. Lighter colored ceilings and floors create the effect of a higher ceiling, whereas traditionally dark colors make ceilings lower. Light colors visually broaden the space and a room seems wider and larger. The same applies to wall color, so using light wall colors wi
49、th matching light trim and base-boards will also make space seem larger. Although lighter colors do create an airy sense, this does not mean that interior designers are limited to using lighter colors when they arrange and decorate a small room. In practice, contrasting dark colors with lighter colors further emphasizes the effect of spaciousness. For example, a dark couch on light c