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1、掌握解题绝技,根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究，我们推荐以下一些解题方法或技巧： 1.上下求索寻信息 因为答案信息点有的在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合考虑或起相互印证的作用。有时，还要根据上、下文提供的信息，结合常识，适当的逻辑推理，才可得出正确答案。,三大原则,例1 The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors，27 who were getting off the bus should get off first，and students who w
2、ere getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东) 27.A.parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers 28.A.sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier,例2One afternoon，I was out exploring.and saw a new kind of cactus (仙人掌).I crouched down for a closer look. “Youd better not 47that.” I turned around to see an old woman.
3、 “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.” (湖南) A. break B. pick C. pull D. touch,touch,2.左顾右盼找搭配 答题时，眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上，一定要“左顾右盼”，弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意，常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系，这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。,例3On April 12，1888，Alfreds brother L
4、udwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.(2009广东) A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged 解析：四个选项中，能与后面for搭配的，只有mistook，即mistake A for B (将A误以为B)，故选C。,for,例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes，which wou
5、ld be awarded to people who.(2009广东) A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote,解析：根据动宾搭配，在四个选项中，能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的，只有establish(设立)，即“设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖，是讲不通的。,3.思前想后通全文 有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通
6、，即贯通全文。,例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.(2009广东) A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions 解析:若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以填,make g
7、reat sacrifices作出巨大牺牲,make great changes发生巨大变化,make great contributions作出巨大贡献;从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只选D。,例6Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药).the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who
8、became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” .Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.(2009广东) A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular 解析：若单独看空前的became，填四个选项都没有语法错误，但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知，
9、rich为最佳答案，故选C。,1.通读全文，理解大意 重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解短文大意，这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要，万万不可忽视。,四个步骤,2.瞻前顾后，避难就易 在理解短文大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，特别是与前后词语的搭配，上下文的意义关系等，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。,3.复读全文，解决残敌 借助已经补全的空格，我们已对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。 4.再次复读，弥补疏漏 全部做好
10、后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。,1.词语同现 某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的可能性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。如catch 和cold，ill 和doctor，big 和small等。,五种技巧,一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题，与此相关的词就可能会共同出现，以实现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文，是围绕把优生从普通班里分出去会带来严重问题这一主题展开的，涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班”“特殊班”“优生”“普通生”，以及学校、老师、学习等等，因此，special，gifted，intelligent，top，regular，av
11、erage，school，classes，teachers，children，learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。 了解词语同现,对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。,例1 (2011广东)The argument has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the average children. A. designin
12、g B. grouping C. learning D. living 解析：与classes，children，intellectual同现的单词，很可能是learning，故选C。,classes,children,intellectual,例2 (2010广东)You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to 24 the building. A. enter B. leave C. open D. cl
13、ose 解析：因有push(推)就有pull(拉)，有go out of(出去)就会有enter(进入)，这就是词语同现，故选A。,例3 T(2009广东)o make sure that he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，.Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about. A.
14、 book B. article C. will D. contract 解析：与die (死)，arrange(安排后事)具有相关性的词，即同时出现的词，应当是 will (遗嘱)，故选C。,2.词语复现 词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。语篇的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的。 词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、同义或近义词复现、上下义词复现(即总括与分述，如animal 是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose 是flower 的下义词)等。 了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。,例4 (2011广东
15、)It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative 解析：与前段第一句中special classes的special是原词复现，故选B。
16、,例5 (2008广东)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended 27. A. cases B. tools C. steps D. methods 解析：因methods与前文中的ways同义词复现，故选D。,例6 (2011广东)Many are concerned
17、 that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning. However，this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest 解析：因concern (n.担心)与上文的concerned (adj.担心的)是同源词复 现或同根词复现，故选A。,例7 (2011广东)However，this concern is more often f
18、rom parents and teachers than from students，and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers 解析：因adults是上文parents and teachers的上义词,即这是上下义词复现,故选A。,3.逻辑推断 根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案，逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关
19、系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从五年来的广东高考完形填空题来看，最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。,例8 (2011广东)In the regular class，having no worry about keeping up，they (intelligent children) began to reflect 9 on many problems，some of which were not on the school program. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly 解析：因为having no worry a
20、bout keeping up(因为不担心跟不上)，所以“自动地(voluntarily)”考虑许多问题，因果推断，选C。(现在分词短语表示原因),例9 (2011广东)Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired 解析：由与之并列的lose interest，可知是become bored。也可这样理解，因为厌烦了，所以才失去兴趣，故选B。(此处的and表示结果，前面是原因),例10 (2008广东
21、)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost 24 to the parents. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable 解析：因changed so much，结果父母“认不出来”了，故选D。(that 引导结果状语从句),例11 (2009广东)Nobel was 24 to find out not that he had di
22、ed，but that，when his time was up，he would be thought of only as one who profited from death and destruction. A. upset B. anxious C. excited D. pleased 解析：因他发现当自己死后被认为是靠制造死亡获取利润的人，所以他感到“伤心难过”，故选A。(在表示情感变化的形容词后的不定式表示原因),4.背景常识 将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因
23、为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。,例12 (2010广东)In South Korea，we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning，I hurried to the bus，and when the bus doors opened，I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. A. politely B. patiently C. unconsciously D. slowly 解析：由前文可知，因在韩国不必等别人下了车再上，
24、作者当时是初来美国的韩国人，在韩国土生土长，由常识可知，作者早已习惯不等别人先下了再上车，所以看到校车将门打开后，就“无意识地，不知不觉地”上车了,故选C。,例13 (2008广东).the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great 29 to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions 解析：根据常识，奖金应当是颁发给那些为世界和平、文学和科学事业作出
25、过巨大“贡献”的人，故选D，make contributions to.对作出贡献。,例14 (2007广东)After doing a little research，I found this type of technology already available in English to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode. A. independent B. infrequent C. inexpensive D. instant 解析：根据常识，要得到某物就可能需要花钱，也就涉及贵还是便宜，故选C。,例
26、15 (2010广东)All the students around looked at me，I was totally 30 ，and my face went red. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited 解析：根据常识，周围所有的人都看着作者，作者一定会“感到尴尬”，故选A。,5.前后搭配 主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。广东高考完形填空中主要考查动宾搭配。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。,例16 (2009广东)On April 12,1888，Alfreds brother Lud
27、wig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and. A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged 解析：根据动介搭配，能与后面的介词for搭配的，只有mistook，故选C。(注：这类题是极少考查的，五年仅此一题),例17 (2009广东).Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes，. A. establish
28、 B. form C. develop D. promote 解析：根据动宾搭配，应是“设立诺贝尔奖”，即establish the Nobel prizes，故选A。,当选项是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时，就要求我们正确判断上下文的逻辑关系，如递进关系、对比关系等，从而选择恰当的选项。,此外，,例18You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells are exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing t
29、here? You arent a soldier. You arent 36 carrying a gun. Youre standing in front of.(湖北) A. simply B. really C. merely D. even 解析：第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，甚至连(even)枪也没有”，故选D。,以上五个技巧对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率非常有用，同学们务必领会掌握，并学会灵活动用。有的题既可以用这种技巧解答，又可用那种技巧来解答，也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。 但是，所有的方法或技巧都是建立在扎实的基本功的基础之上的，如果词汇不过关，句子理不顺，语篇意义不理解，任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。毫不讳言，以上谈的技巧或方法也不例外。,