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1、高 三 英 语 专 题 复 习,阅读理解 郑集中学高三英语组,高考阅读理解常见题型,A. Main ideas B. Guess the meaning C. Details D. Inference & judgment ,主旨大意题 -Main Ideas 主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。,Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their sh
2、ining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help
3、develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have l
4、ower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for h
5、alf an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the program,59. What is mainly discussed
6、 in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.,_,_,高考题重现,方法指导,1、确定主题句； （如：“for example” “first” “second”等之前的句子中或者 “all in all” “above all” 等之后的句子后。） 2、文章“着墨”最多的点即文章的主旨意。,Return,How to find the topic senten
7、ces?,Features of the topic sentences： 1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括； 2).主题句一般结构简单； 3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相 互题句所表达的思想的。,Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other a
8、t every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。,练中学,练中学,Example 2 Some students
9、 prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。,Examp
10、le 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camp
11、er also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,(3)在短文中间 主题句也可以安排在段中间, 此时前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 然后再作进一步的解释, 支持或发展.,练中学,_,_,如何考?,1.What is the topic of the text? (NMET93) 2.The text is mainly about _. (NMET95) 3.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the la
12、st paragraph?(NMET98) 4.What would be the best title for the text? (2004全国),I: English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.,本段主题句为首句, 其后的内容均说明首句。,Please
13、 find out the key sentence of the following passages.,巩固练习,II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting
14、 with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.,有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。,_,A Little Game（脑筋急转弯）,1. Whic
15、h travels faster, heat or cold?,Heat. Because you can catch a cold.,2. Where does Friday come before Thursday?,In the dictionary.,3. Its yours, but others use it more than you do. What is it?,Your name.,猜测词义题 Guess the meaning,在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思,词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。历年高考中均有此类题目。,方法指导,高考题重现,The whole
16、 family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small floc
17、k of sheep to higher ground above riverIf the river flooded，they should be safe there 58The underlined word “stock“ in the third paragraph refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals (06江西卷),_,_,1.上下文,The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns a
18、bout 650yuan a year.,2.定义法,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,小结,牧人,练中学,With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confid
19、ence. (2003NMET),unconditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,3.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,练中学,dis in mis un non,否定前缀,re co mini over super pre post vice en tele,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,超出,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,常用前缀,嫁妆,In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to br
20、ing with themselves a large quantity of dowry.,练中学,4.生活常识,5.根据同义词，反义词关系,If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.,and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。,小结,disagree,练中学,6.根据同位语,语言学,3. Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an ex
21、pert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.,练中学,She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.,7.根据因果关系,小结,be lost in,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such that therefore等)表示前因后果。,练中学,8.根据对比和转折关系,Although the early morning
22、had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.,表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。,小结,hot,练中学,如何考?,1.The underlined phrase “ inheritable trait” in paragraph 2 means _(2006天津） 2.By describing lions as “opportunists” in the firs
23、t paragraph, the author means to say that lions _(2006安徽) 3.The underlined word “this” refers to_(2006浙江) 4. The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means _(04全国) .,事实细节题 - Details 即常见的 “wh” 问题。它们大多是根据 文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是
24、非判断、图形比较等。,A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river. This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of
25、the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called
26、 Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q： Where does Hoover Dam lie _? A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black
27、 Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读。,高考题重现,_,_,_,_,_,方法指导,1).明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。,2).按照要求，寻找答案来源。,3).找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。,4).多读原文，正确使用排除法。,return,如何考?,1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned ? 2.What does the writer pay least attention to ? 3.Choose
28、the right order of the events given in the passage. 4.All of the following statements may be true except_. 5.Which of the following is not the result of,Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on
29、the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven ye
30、ars. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had
31、 more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience, “ said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents
32、. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,练中学,推测判断题 -Judgement,纵观全文，在掌握各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意图；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果； 语言中的语气等。,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five doz
33、en roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q： The passage suggests that when t
34、he writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,_,_,_,_,高考题重现,方法指导,A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理 B.结合一般常识，分析提供信息 C.注意表层意思，悟出深层含义 在做判断推理题时，应选择“全面而不笼统、具体而不片面”的答案，而就事论事以及含有绝对单词的结论一般都是错误的.,return,如何考?,1.From the text we know
35、that Dagmar is most likely _. (NMET 96) 2.Which of the following might have happened afterwards? (NMET 91) 3.This text is most probably taken from a _ . (NMET 94) 4.In the writers opinion, a good stage school should _. (NMET 99) 5.This text most probably appears in _ .(2004全国）,Daylight saving time (
36、DST) has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday
37、, September 14. The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小时 ）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率). During the DST p
38、eriod, the actual departure (发车) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late. Q: According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in 134 days D. in 4 months,解析：应根据基本的日历常识来进行推算。5月剩2
39、7天，6月30天，7月31天，8月31天，9月14天。即：27 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 14 = 133（天）,巩固练习,1. 先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。,2. 快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意与问题有关的 信息，如果时间紧，先扫视一下首段和尾段。 再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意 便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。,3. 细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。,解题时常用方法：,简要提示,return,Now, lets look back,What will you do when you come across the
40、questions on: Main points Guess the meaning Details Inference and judgement,return,最近，各类材料中出现了一种新的题型，要求根据文章用谚语或俚语来总结段落大意。 平时学习中，注意总结常见的谚语、俚语。,爱心提醒,Stick to it, and youll succeed. A good medicine tastes bitter. More haste, less speed. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try. Where there is life,
41、 there is hope. An idle youth, a needy age.,坚持就是胜利。 良药苦口。 欲速则不达。 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 生命不息，奋斗不止。 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。,尝试翻译下列谚语,7. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. 8. Diligence is the mother of success. 9. Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves. 10. Never put off til
42、l tomorrow what you can do today. 11. Live and learn. 12. Easier said than done.,明日复明日， 明日何其多。 勤奋是成功之母 积少成多。 今日事今日完。 活到老，学到老。 说着容易做着难。,12. Action speak louder than words. 13. There is no smoke without fire. 14. Once bitten, twice shy. 15. The path to glory is always rugged.,事实胜于雄辩。 无风不起浪。 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 前途是光明的道路是曲折的。,Homework,Do some reading exercises,wish you success,