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1、英语作文基础训练,高三英语写作专题,高考大纲对写作的要求,要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能： （1）准确使用语法和词汇； （2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。 评分标准分为5档（略） 1，要点要全。 2，一定的词汇，句型（数量） 3，准确 4，上下文的连贯。5，拼写和标点，书写较差，影响交际先降个档次。,Writing steps: 1.审题：体裁，人称，时态，划出要点。 2.译要点：长句变短句，按英文的表达断句,并添加所缺部分按英文句子语法顺序翻译，破解难句，适当使用复合句，正确使用英文主动句子与被动句子。 3.连要点：使用连词，表顺序和逻辑的短语连句成篇。 4.检
2、查修改：（标点符号，大小写，单词拼写，语句是否通顺，是否遗漏要点。） 5.抄写：字迹工整的抄写在试卷上。,英汉互译 1咱俩谁跟谁阿 we two who and who？ 2 how are you ? how old are you? 怎么是你，怎么老是你？ 3你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！ you have seed I will give you some color to see see,brothers！together up ！,4 You Give Me Stop! 你给我站住！ 5one car come one car go ,two car pengpeng,
3、people die 车祸现场描述 6heart flower angry open 心花怒放 7I call Li old big. toyear 25. 我叫李老大，今年25。 9.If you want money,I have no; if you want life,I have one! 要钱没有，要命一条,我是个中学生, 对电脑特别感兴趣, 一放学回家就开电脑，有时玩游戏，有时上网和朋友聊天，有时给朋友发电子邮件。尽管我喜欢玩电脑，但我父母阻止我这样做，他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。于是我在晚上做完作业后才玩一会儿电脑。,1.我是个中学生。 2.我对电脑特别感兴趣。 3.我一放学
4、回家我就开电脑。 4.我有时玩游戏, 有时上网和朋友聊天, 有时给朋友发电子邮件。 5.尽管我喜欢电脑，但我父母阻止我这样做。 6.他们认为我在电脑上花太多时间。 7.于是我在晚上做完作业后才玩一会儿电脑。,One possible version: Im a middle school student, and I am interested in the computer. I turn on the computer as soon as I get home every day. Sometimes I play computer games, talk with my friends
5、 on the Internet or send e-mails to them. Though I like it very much, my parents stop me from doing that. They think I spend too much time on the computer. So I only play it for a short time after I finish my homework in the evening.,练习一、（一）简单句翻译,1我们在学习怎样用电脑。 Were learning how to use the computer. 2
6、他和他的朋友经常查字典。 He and his friend always look up in the dictionary.,3 请给我一杯水, 好吗？ Please give me a cup of water, will you? 4 老师让我回答了这个问题。 The teacher asked me to answer the question.,5 我们的国家变得越来越强大。 Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 6 你的到来使我很高兴。 Your arrival makes me very happy.,7 村庄里有许多绿树和
7、湖泊。 There are many green trees and lakes in the village. 8 我们不应该歧视弱者。 We should not look down upon the weak.,(二) 并列句翻译,1. 我喜欢读书，他喜欢玩玩具。（while） I like reading while he likes playing with toys. 2. 孩子们非常高兴，或者至少看起来很高兴。（or） The children are very happy or at least they look happy.,3. 中国是发展中国家，而美国是发达国家。（bu
8、t/ while） China is a developing country, while the United States is a developed one. 4. 这里常下雨，有时有暴风雨。(and） It often rains here, and storms sometimes.,5他不但受到我们的鼓励而且受到老师的表扬。（not only but also） He was not only encouraged by us but also praised by the teacher. 6我们周围的东西不是固体、液体就是气体。(eitheror) Everything a
9、round us is either solid, liquid or gas.,7一个人既应该有勇气也应有毅力。 （both and) A man should have both courage and perseverance.,8. 新中国的妇女在政治生活和家庭生活方面享有和男子同等权利。(as well as） In new China women enjoy equal rights with men in political life as well as in family life. 9. 我喝咖啡要加奶加糖。 When I drink coffee, I prefer to
10、 add sugar as well as milk.,(三) 复合句翻译,1 我相信你一定能成功。 Im sure youll succeed. 2北京再也不是20年前的样子了。 Beijing is no longer what was 20 years ago.,3 这个城市是我出生的地方。 This is the city where I was born. / The city is the one which I was born in. 4 他和以前不一样了。 He is not what he used to be.,5为了明天赶上早班车，我要早起。 I have to get
11、 up earlier so that I can catch up the early bus. 6. 虽然他年轻，但是经验很丰富。 Although he is young, he is very experienced. / He is young but he is very experienced.,7 如果有困难，请来找我。 Please turn to me if you are in trouble. 8. 老师所讲的都记在笔记本上了。 What the teacher said was all taken down on the notebook.,9众所周知，中国是人口大国
12、。 It is well-known that China is a country with a large population. 10据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位学者。 It is reported that he is a scholar from New Zealand.,11他与我们到别时留下了他的姓名和地址。 He left his name and address when he said good-bye to me. 12李秘书被解雇是因为他受贿。 Secretary Li was dismissed because he took bribe.,13盗贼没等警察抓捕，就逃
13、逸了。 The robbers had escaped before the police arrived. 14他读过信后就把信毁掉。 He destroyed the letter after he read it.,15自开店以来，我们赢获大利。 We have made large profits since we opened this shop. 16如果我知道它在哪，它就不会丢了，是不是？ If I knew where it was, it wont be lost, would it?,17一直向前走直到一所新的蓝色大楼。 Go straight on until you c
14、ome to a new blue building. 18他不照别人告诉他的去做。 He wont do as hes told.,19按照她的要求，她被埋葬在花园里。 She was buried at the garden, as she had requested. 20我们一到达那里就给你打电话。 Well ring you as soon as we get there.,练习四、汉译英练习,（一） 1。月亮晚间照耀。 The moon shines by night. 2。几乎每天都会发生车祸。 Cars accidents occur nearly every day. 3。
15、昨日上午他在家里。 He stayed at home yesterday morning.,4. 他们第一次见面是在这个邮局。 They met the first time at the post office. It was at the post office that they met the first time. 5. 这个会议是在两个小时之前就开始了吗？ Did the meeting begin two hours ago?,6. Linda failed in the examination again this time. 琳达这次考试不及格。 7. The music
16、club meets once a month. 这个音乐俱乐部每月活动一次。,8. Mr Li and his wife both teach in the primary school. 李先生和夫人都在这所小学教书。 9. Mary lives with her parents. 玛丽和父母住在一起。 10. My son drives very well. 我儿子驾车技术很好。,（二）主语+谓语+宾语,这本书有许多图片。 This book contains many pictures. 2. 我替老人提包。 I carried the bag for the old man. 3.
17、我们厂制作木桌。 We made wooden tables in our factory. 4. 上月我卖了我们的汽车。 I sold our car last month.,5. 他带给我一个文件。 He brought me a file. 6. 他们接受了邀请。 They accepted the invitation. 7.我自己能照料这个商店。 I can manage the shopping myself. 8.我的父亲给了我一些忠告。 My father gave me some advice.,（三）主语+谓语+to do+,1。布朗一家计划搬家。 The Browns p
18、lanned to move house. 2。他们继续支持我们。 They continued to support us. 3。他帮助这位老太太过马路。 He helped the old woman to cross the road.,4。 你应该拒绝做这件事。 You should refuse to do it. 5。 我有个约会去见一个朋友。 I have an appointment to see a friend.,6.Tell him not to be late again. 告诉他不要再迟到了。 7. He decides to go abroad. 他决定出国。 8.
19、 She stopped to have a look. 她停下来看看。,9. I have made up my mind to write a book. 我下决心要写一本书。 10. Perhaps you will have a little trouble to deal with the problem. 处理这个问题你也许会遇到一点麻烦。 11. You should offer to go and help her. 你该主动去帮她。,12. I suggest David drive more carefully. 我建议大卫开车小心些。 13. Id prefer to g
20、o camping. 我愿意去野营。 14. Peter asked me not to dine out with them tonight. 皮特让我今晚不要和他们出去吃饭。,15. They made an attempt to climb the mountain. 他们企图登山。 16. He has not the courage to try again. 他没有勇气再试一把。 17. I have no time to spare. 我抽不出时间来。,18. I have given him permission to use my car. 我已经答应他用我的车子。 19.
21、She has not enough money to pay the bills. 她没有足够的钱付帐。 20. Peter has made a promise to write a book for children. 皮特承诺要给孩子们写本书。,（四）注意副词位置,1. 方式，(如：badly（严重地，非常），slowiy（慢慢地），politely（有礼貌地），proudly（骄傲地），carelessly（粗心地），properly（适当地，完全地），successfully（成功地），happily（高兴地），angrily（生气地，愤怒地）等。)地点，时间副词在句后。,They
22、 went boating in Zhongshan park yesterday. My son is study English carefully. 2.频度副词(always,seldom,often,never,usually, rarely) 行前助后. He is always telling lies , so I will never believe him.,4. 程度副词修饰动词也是 行前助后；修饰形容词和副词一般在前，enough 除外。 She quite likes maths. She likes maths very much. He is very yong,
23、 so he is not old enough to go to school.,连贯与句式的运用,连贯(coherence) 指文章语意的通顺和语言形式的紧密衔接并符合一定的逻辑关系。,要使文章前后衔接紧密，可采用以下方法： 提示1：恰当使用关联词 如when，so，if，because，so that等。,提示2：巧妙使用意思有联系的词或短语 如First, Second, Third, Soon, Whats more, As a result等。,提示3：适当使用过渡性语句 The reasons are as follows. Every coin has two sides. O
24、n the other hand, On the contrary,连接词、句型的选择 1、 递进关系 （肯定） （否定） 2、 时间 一就 不久 然后 同时,Besides / Whats more / Also /In addition/Furthermore,Whats worse / Even worse / Worse still /To make matters worse,The moment / On doing / as soon as / immediately / directly,It was not long before / After a while / Soon
25、,After that / Then / So / Next,At the same time / Meanwhile,3、 转折 4、 顺序 5、 条件 6、强调,however , / but / on the contrary / On the other hand / yet,First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then,If / As long as / So long as / on condition that,It was that / who / So she did . / I do hope / She did help me. /
26、It really worked.,7、 其它 不得不做某事 have to do sth./have no choice but to do sth. /have nothing to do but do sth. 有必要做某事 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. /It is necessary (for sb.)to do 最好做某事 Youd better do sth. Its better to do sth. 做某事没困难 have no difficulty in doing sth. / have no trouble in doing
27、 sth. 感谢某人 thank sb. / be thankful to sb./ express ones thanks to sb. / be grateful to sb. / Thanks to ,求助某人 turn to sb. for help / ask sb. for help / with the help of / with ones help 惊奇 To ones surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外结果） 原因如下（很多）The reasons are as follows. There are m
28、any reasons for it. 浪费金钱（时间）Its a waste of money / time 结果 As a result / Therefore / Thus / So 总结 In a word / In short / Above all / After all 表达观点 In my opinion / I think / I believe / Im sure / I guess,Task 1 请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。,Xiao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for
29、 help. He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west . It was not long the police came . he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl. Do you agree with my arrangement ? ,do write to me soon. We can go downtown and do some shopping. , we can pay a visit to so
30、me places of interest. 7. I shared the cost of the gas with my friends . , I saved $80. Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat.,Whats more/Besides/ Also/Furthermore/ In addition,when,so that/ in order that,before,As soon as /Immediately/Directly/The moment,If not,As a result/ Theref
31、ore,Whats worse/Even worse/ /To make matters worse,句式的运用：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。,基本句型： 1、 感叹句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter. 2） What a kind boy he is! 3）How disappointed he was ! 2、 强调句 e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny. 3、 倒装句 e.g. 1) Only in this way can
32、 you solve this problem. 2) There comes the police car. 3) Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.,句式的运用：利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。,基本句型： 4、 省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus. 5、 with短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in he
33、r hand. 6、 定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information. 7、 各种名词性从句 e.g. Thats what I should do. 8、 各种状语从句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it.,Practice 一句多译 这本书花了我300元。 I spent 300 yuan on the book. I paid 300 yuan for the book. The price o
34、f the book is 300 yuan. It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book. The book cost me 300 yuan.,Practice 一句多译,昨天下午他才来。 He came here yesterday afternoon. He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon. It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here. It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here. Not
35、until yesterday afternoon did he come here.,Task 2 按要求改写下列句子,使其更具文采。 1.Tom saved the drowning girl.(强调) 2.I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（强调） 3.Tom was puzzled.（感叹） 4.It is great fun to climb the hill.（感叹） 5.Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯定倒装） 6.John likes to study and play.（否定倒装） 7.So
36、on the firefighters came.（表时间句型）,It was Tom that/who saved the drowning girl.,I do hope I can pay a visit to you next year.,How puzzled Tom was!,What great fun it is to climb the hill!,Tom likes singing songs, so does Mary.,Not only does John like to study, but (also) he likes to play.,It was not lo
37、ng before the firefighters came.,Task 3 Writing Practice 请你给中国日报写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。 原因： 1、 家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱养家。 2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。 3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。 看法： 1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。 2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到重要的作用。 要求： 1、不要逐字逐句翻译。 2、语句要连贯通顺。 3、字数100个左右。,Now in the country areas, there are
38、 many children out of school. Most families are poor and cant afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters neednt go to school. They dont let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to go to school. All t
39、he children including girls should be educated . The whole society should pay attention to it. Theyll play an important part in the future of our country.,诊断： 优点 缺点 药方,1、词能达意； 2、语句表达基本正确。,语句不够连贯,1、使用常见句型； 2、每两个句子之间使用关联词或过渡词。,Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. 。，most fam
40、ilies are too poor to send their children to school . ,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. ,some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. ,they dont let them go to school. ,some children are not interested in their studies. ,some wouldnt like to go to school. ,all the children including girls should be educated . ,the whole society should pay attention to it theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.,Task 4 Writing by yourselves 下列图画描述的是两位少先队员上星期日去少年宫的途中经历的事情.请据此写一篇短文,参加由英语组组织的英语作文竞赛。,