《高考总复习英语语法专项训练十五.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考总复习英语语法专项训练十五.ppt（71页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、语法专项训练(十五) 状语从句,状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作 用的从句, 修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等, 可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、方 式、条件等. 引导状语从句的连词叫从属连词.,状语从句的位置可在句首, 也可在句末. 放在句首时, 从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时, 从句前面往往不用逗号.,考点一 时间状语从句 1普通类从属连词 引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连 词有when(当时), while(在 期间), as (当, 一边一边), before(在之前), after(在之后), since(从以来),till/until(直到), whenever
2、(无论何时), as soon as (一就)等. When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时, 他正在看书. Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时光一去不复返.,【注意】 在时间状语从句中, 不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时, 而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替. Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就给你打电话.,Dont get off the bus until it has
3、 stopped. 等车停稳后再下车. 2含time的短语 可引导时间状语从句的time短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time等.,Every time I listen to music, Ill think of it. 每当我听音乐, 我就想起这事. 3表示“一就” 除as soon as外, 还有三类: 名词型the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；,副词型immediatel
4、y, directly, instantly；句式型no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when The moment I saw him I knew that there was no hope. 我一看到他, 就知道没有希望了.,【注意】 如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首, 句子必须用倒装结构. Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家就下雨.,4对before从句的理解 before的本意为“在之前”, 根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就,
5、 趁着还没就, 不知不觉就, 才”等.,Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还没来得及插话, 他就给我量好了尺寸. Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快, 她不知不觉就度过了三个月.,5对since从句的理解 since 从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词, 表示“从这个动作开始以来”. since 从句的时态若是一般过去时, 主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时.,Ive been feeling down since I los
6、t my job. 自从失去工作后, 我的情绪一直低落. I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自从病愈以来取得了很大进步.,考点二 地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在的地方)和wherever(在的任何地方)等. Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多.,考点三 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because (因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于, 鉴于),
7、 considering(that) (考虑到), given(that)(考虑到)等. I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢.,考点四 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so (以便), that(以便), so that(以便, 为 了), in order that(为了, 以便), in case (以防, 以免), lest(免得, 以防), for fear that (以免, 惟恐)等.,从句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would等情态动词. I left at 600 so that/in
8、 order that I could catch the train. 为赶火车, 我六点就出门了.,【注意】 当从句主语与主句主语相同时, 可用不定式来表达相同的意思. 译: 为了通过考试, 他学习非常努力. 正: He studies very hard so that ( in order that) he can pass the exam. 正: He studies very hard so as to ( in order to) pass the exam.,考点五 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that (以致, 结果), so.that, such.th
9、at(如此以至于)等. She is so good a teacher (She is such a good teacher) that all the students like her.她是那么好的老师, 每个学生都喜欢她.,考点六 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless (if.not 如果不, 除非), as/so long as(只要), while (as long as只要), supposing (that) /provided/ providing(that) (假如),in case (假使), on condition that(在的条件下)等
10、. You can learn anything so long as you set your mind to learn it.用心学本领, 总能学到手.,【注意】 条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样, 从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时、过去将来时或将来完成时, 而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时或现在完成时来替代. Tell me in case you get into difficulty.有困难请告诉我.,但若从句谓语用了will或would, 那will或would则是表示“愿意”的情态动词. If you will go with me, Ill wait for you. 你若愿与
11、我同去, 我就等你.,考点七 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whether.or. (不论/不管还是)以及“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”等.,Although/Though they are poor, they are happy. 他们虽穷, 但很快乐. Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你信还是不信, 这的确是事实.,【注意】 as作“虽然”解, 引导让步状语从句时, 从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置
12、于句首, though引导的让步状语从句, 也可将这些成分置于句首, 但although等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置.,Hard as/though they tried (Although/Though they tried hard), they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力, 也没法让她改变主意.,引导让步状语从句时, 若提前的是可数名词单数, 要省略不定冠词. Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他是孩子, 但很懂事. 表示“虽然”的连词不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用, 但可以
13、与yet或still等词连用.,考点八 比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的从属连词为as.as(和一样), not as/so.as(和不一样), than(比), the more.the more(越越). 这类从句常以省略形式出现.,The more you study, the more knowledge you can get. 你学的越多, 你的知识就越丰富.,考点九 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as (正如), as if或as though(好像)等. Do as I told you.按我说的去做. 【注意】 口语中like也可用作连词引导方式状语从句.,考点十
14、 状语从句的省略 时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句等的主语与主句主语相同时, 有时可用省略形式. He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他在做功课的时候睡着了.,He wont come unless (he is) invited. 他不会来, 除非邀请他. If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要, 可以打电话到我家找我.,考点十一 易混从属连词辨析 1when, while, as (1)while意为“在期间”, 从句的谓语必须是延续性动词. The plane had le
15、ft when we got to the airport. 我们到达机场时, 飞机已经起飞了. (不能用while),(2)as从句的谓语动词一般都是含有动作或发展意味的动词, 不与那些不用于进行时的动词连用. While/When you are in the post office, can you get me some stamps? 你去邮局时, 帮我买几张邮票好吗？ (不能用as),(3)表示带有规律性的“每当”, 或者主从句动作有先后时, 都只能用when. When winter comes, it becomes cold. 每当冬天来临, 天就变冷. (4)表示“随着”时
16、间的推移, 主从句是两种变化的情况, 只能用as.,As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去, 天气越变越坏. (5)强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时, 只能用while. Please write while I read. 我读的时候, 请写下来.,2because, since, as, for (1)because语气最强, 表示直接的原 因, 是说话人认为对方不知道的原因, 它引导的从句, 通常位于主句之后, 只是为了强调或承前才可位于主句前. He is absent because he is ill.他因病 缺席
17、.,在回答why时, 或者在强调结构中, 或者从句作表语时, 都只能用because. Why didnt you come yesterday? 你昨天为何不来？ Because I was ill. 因为我病了.,It was because he was ill that he was absent. 他就是因为病了才缺席的. He is absent today.This is because he is ill. 他今天没到. 是因为他病了.,(2)since(既然)和as(由于)是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景, 即所述原因是显而易见的或彼此知晓的, 它们引导的从句一般位于主句前,
18、 有时也可位于主句后. Since everyone is here, lets begin our class. 既然大家都到了, 就开始上课吧.,As shes been ill, perhaps shell need some help. 由于病了, 她可能需要些帮助. (3)for 引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因, 只是提供一些有助于说明情况的补充说明, 不可位于主句前.,The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天要亮了, 因为鸟在叫. It must have rained last night, for the road is
19、 wet. 昨晚一定下雨了, 因为路上是湿的.,.单句填空 用适当的连词或代词填空. 1(2011高考江西卷改编)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you.,whenever,解析: 考查时间状语从句中连接词的用法. whenever无论何时. 句意: 请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会 议, 或者在任何你方便的时候. 关系副词在后句中充当状语, 根据语境可知是指时间.,2(2011高考辽宁卷改编)He had no sooner finished his
20、 speech _ the students started cheering. 解析: 考查时间状语从句中连接词的用法. 表“一就”时, no sooner.than.为固定搭配.,than,3(2011高考湖南卷改编) Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. 解析: 考查状语从句中连接词的用法. 根据句意, 老师看着Jack好像Jack做了聪明的事. 只有A有“好像”的意思.,as if,4(2011高考山东卷改编) He had his c
21、amera ready _he saw something that would make a good picture. 解析: 选C. 考查状语从句中连接词的用法. 前半句意思是“他准备好相机”, 后半句“看到漂亮的景色把它拍下来.,in case,5(2011高考上海卷改编)If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. 解析: 考查时间状语从句中连接词的用法. 根据句意, 表示等电影有了DVD 的出版“我”才会看.,until,6
22、(2011高考上海卷改编)The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. 解析: 考查目的状语从句中连接词的用法. 句意: 警察官员努力工作的目的是为了让我们过平安的生活.,in order that,7(2011高考大纲全国卷改编) It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. 解析: 考查让步状语从句中连接词的用法. 句意: 这顿饭虽然有点贵, 但很好吃.,though,8(2010高考福建卷)The girl had hardly rung
23、 the bell_the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 解析: 句意: 这个女孩几乎还没来得及按门铃门就突然被打开了, 她的朋友冲出门去欢迎她. hardly.before.是固定句式, 意为“刚就”.,before,9(2010高考重庆卷)Today, we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 解析: 句意: 今天, 为了不遗漏要点, 我们从昨天结束的地方开始. where引导地点状语从句.
24、,where,10(2010高考辽宁卷)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _he wanted to sit next to his wife.,because,解析: 句意: 这位老人叫露西挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐. 空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在原因关系, 所以用because引导原因状语从句.,11(2010高考陕西卷)John thinks it wont be long _he is ready for his new job. 解析: 所填词引导状语从句, 构成it(will)be时间段before, 意
25、思是: 过多久才将.,before,12You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. 解析: 考查状语从句的连词词组辨析. 句意: 你可以随心所欲地使用这个房间, 只要你事后把它打扫干净. so long As “只要”，表示条件。,so long as,13_the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. 解析: 由前后意思可知, 此处
26、为让步关系.,Although,14(2012江苏二模)My son is addicted to drugs.He isnt hopeless, is he? Yes, _he mends his ways and starts all over.,unless,解析: 句意: 我儿子吸毒成瘾了, 他没希望(改好)了, 是吗？不, 除非他悔过自新, 重新做人. 本句补全后为: He is hopeless, unless he mends his ways and starts all over.,15(2012山东泰安一模)When shall we go planting trees i
27、n the hill? _it begins to rain, so they dont need watering.,Not until,解析: 句意: 我们什么时候去山上种树？直到下了雨才去山上植 树, 这样所种的树就不需要浇水了. Not until it begins to rain补全后为: We shall not go planting trees in the hill until it begins to rain.,.语篇填空 用适当的词完成下面的短文(主要是从句的连接词). Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian na
28、tion.He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1._ he is an Indian national hero.,that,He was born in India in 1869.2._ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom.In 1888 he sailed to England, 3._ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer
29、.4._ his return to India,As,where,Once,he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5._ the problem of racial discrimination was serious.There he formed an organization and this was 6._ he started to fight for equal rights.,that,how,Gandhi returned to I
30、ndia in 1915, 7._ India was controlled by the British.He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.8._in the political movement many Indians,when,Although/Though,including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure 9._ they could gain independe
31、nce, the struggles never stopped.The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately,whether,Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10._opposed his views and died on January 30th,1948. 1解析: 引导同位语从句. 2解析: 引导非限制性定语从句. 3解析: 引导定语从句. 4解析: 表示“一就”.,who,5解析: 引导宾语从句. 6解析: 引导表语从句. 7解析: 引导定语从句. 8解析: 引导让步状语从句. 9解析: 引导主语从句. 10解析: 引导定语从句.,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,