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1、Unit 1 Friendship,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音词性和词义写出单词。 1. _ 5: n.十几岁的青少年 2 _ n. 点；分数 3. _ 5 v. 使不安；使心烦 4. _ 5: v. 不理睬；忽视 5. _ : v. （使）平静；（使）镇静 6. _ 5: v. 涉及；关心 7. _ : v. 欺骗；作弊 8. _ v. 分享；分担 9. _ 5 adj. 疯狂的；狂热的,teenager,point,upset,ignore,calm,concern,cheat,share,crazy,10. _ 5: n. 目的；意图 11. _ 5 adv. 完全地；整个地
2、12. _ v. 信任；信赖 13. _ 5 v. 遭受；经历 14. _ 5 n. 调查表；问卷 15. _ 5v n. 忠告；建议 16. _ E5:v. 交际；沟通 17. _ 5 n. 习惯；习性 18. _ 5: n. 理由；原因 19. _ 5 n. 自然；自然界 20. _ 5 n. 情形；境遇,entirely,trust,suffer,questionnaire,advice,communicate,habit,reason,nature,situation,purpose,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1
3、. What is the _ for your absence of yesterdays meeting? 2. It is a little difficult to _ someone down when he or she is excited. 3. A_ to Anne, a true friend is a person whom you can tell everything to. 4. My English teacher is very friendly to us. She often gives us some a_ on learning English.,rea
4、son,calm,ccording,dvice,5. Was it an accident or was it done on _? 6. He was punished by the school because of his _ (cheat) in the exam. 7. All the people are_ about the growth of the younger generation. 8. My naughty son has _ my bag away somewhere, so I cant go to work. 9. No matter what he says,
5、 dont _ him. Hes not honest. 10. It was thundering, so the little girl dared not _ (walk) the dog outdoors today. She just played with the dog indoors.,purpose,cheating,concerned,hidden,trust,walk,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. When learning English, it is quite important to develop the ability of _ (com
6、municate). 2. Its quite _ (nature) for a person to refuse the offer of help from strangers. 3. The headmaster is a _ (power) man. All the teachers and students respect him very much. 4. How stupid the emperor was! He was _ (cheat) by the two _ (cheat). 5. The company has a bad reputation. They often
7、 lie to the customers. Theyre very _ (honest).,communication,natural,powerful,cheated,cheats,dishonest,6. With the help of the government, the people have recovered from the _ (suffer) in the snow disaster. 7. He was driving very fast because he was _ (ignore) of the speed limit. 8. He wrote the _ (
8、entirely) novel in only two months. 9. The weather has changed suddenly, and we must alter our plans _ (according). 10. The old lady showed a great deal of _ (concern) for her son.,sufferings,ignorant,entire,accordingly,concern,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. _ 将加起来 2. _ 使平静下来 3. _ 关心、挂念 4. _ 一连串的，一系列、一套
9、 5. _ 与相处，进展 6. _ 经历、经受 7. _ 根据 8. _ 为了 9. _ 故意 10. _ 参加，加入,add up,calm down,be concerned about,a series of,get along with,go through,according to,in order to,on purpose,join in,11. be crazy about _ 12. set sth. down _ 13. have (got) to do sth _ 14. fall in love with _ 15. face to face _ 16. walk th
10、e dog _ 17. hide away _ 18. suffer from _ 19. have trouble with_ 20. make an effort to do sth _,对狂热,放下，记下，登记,不得不，必须做某事,爱上，喜欢上,面对面地,溜狗,躲藏，隐藏,受的苦,有麻烦，有困难,努力去做某事,五、词组运用 翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。 请把我说的话全都记下来。 Please _all that I said. 2. 把分数加起来看看你能拿几分。 _your scores and see how many points you can g
11、et. 3. 由于雪灾很多人不得不留在广州过年。 Many people _ spend the Chinese New Year in Guangzhou because of the snow disaster. 4. 李明在这里定居后，和邻居们相处得很好。 Since Li Ming _ here, he has _ his neighbours.,set down,Add up,had to,settled,got along well with,5. 我的假期完全被一连串的雨天毁了。 My vocation was completely spoiled by_ rainy days.
12、 6. 伊拉克已经经历了太多的战争。 Iraq has _ too many wars. 7. 作为中国人，我们对2008年奥运会特别关注。 As Chinese, we _ very _ the 2008 Olympic Games. 8. 英国的年青人对哈利波特的喜爱近乎狂热。 Young people in Britain _ “Harry Potter”. 9. 为了学好英语，她尽了很大努力。 _ improve English, she makes _. 10. 你想和我一起参加英语角吗？ Would you like to _the English Corner together
13、with me?,a series of,gone through,are concerned about,are crazy about,In order to,a great effort,join in,高级句型,1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候，你不小心让狗松开了，结果被车撞了。 句中While walking the dog, =While you were walking the dog, While doing意为“在期间，在做的时候”
14、。又如： While providing convenience to consumers, plastic bags have also caused serious pollution, waste of energy and resources.在给顾客提供方面的同时，塑料袋也会影起严重的污染，能源的浪费。,运用：改写以下各句。 (1)When I was traveling in Beijing, I happened to meet a former classmate. _in Beijing, I happened to meet a former classmate. (2)T
15、hough he is over sixty, he still keeps on studying English _, he still keeps on studying English. (3)She wont go to the conference unless he is invited She wont go to the conference_. 归纳：此句型的使用条件： (1)在_状语从句中； (2)如果从句的主语与主句的主语_，而且从句中的谓语含有_动词的某种形式； (3)从句中的主语和be可以省略，并且要_，不能只省略其一。,When traveling,Though
16、over sixty,unless invited,时间、条件、让步,相同,有be,同时省略,2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，I wonder是主句的主语和谓语，if引导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中because引导一个原因状语从句，且用了“It is/
17、was +被强调部分+that/ who +其它”这个强调结构，强调原因状语从句。运用该强调结构需知以下两点： (1)此句型常用来强调除谓语动词外的句子成分。 (2)此句中的that是固定的, 即使被强调部分是时间或地点，也用that; 强调人物时可用who。,运用：用it isthat强调下句中的划线部。 Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncles home. (1) _broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncles home.(强调主语) (2) _Jack broke yeste
18、rday afternoon at his uncles home.(强调宾语) (3) _Jack broke a glass at his uncles home.(强调时间状语) (4) _Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon. (强调地点状语),It was at his uncles home that,It was Jack that / who,It was a glass that,It was yesterday afternoon that,3. It was the first time in a year and a half t
19、hat I had seen the night face to face. (从句时态用完成时)这是我第一次目睹夜晚 句型提炼：It is/was the first time thathave/had done (1)其中的it可用this或that替代； (2)first根据实际情况可改为second, third等； (3)前面是is时，后面用have/has done；前面是was时，后面用had done。 (4)比较：It is (about /high) time that sb. did/ should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了(=It is time for s
20、b. to do sth.)。如：It is time that we started (=should start).=It is time for us to start.是我们该动身的时候了。,运用：请用此句型将下列句子译成英文。 (1) 这是我第一次来北京。 This is the first time that I _in Beijing. (2) 那是他第二次上班迟到。 It was the third time that the man _ late for work. (3)他说那是我第一次开出租车。 He said it_ a taxi.,have been,had been
21、,was the first time that he had driven,Language Data Bank,Language points for Reading I,1. go through 经历 go through two stages,经历阶级斗争的考验 go through the test in class struggle,The poor girl has gone through a lot since her parents died.,Language points for Reading I,2. or =,otherwise,3. hide(hid, hid
22、den) away,4. set down=,write down,I set down everything that happened then.,5. series (单复同形) a series of + n (pl),There is a television series on this channel every night.,a series of good harvests/ questions/ Long March memorial stamps,There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.,6. as
23、 正如, 照的方式,1) Do as I say.,2) David, as you know, is a photographer.,3) As I said in my last letter,Im taking the exam in July.,7. be/ get/ grow crazy about,1) The boy is crazy about skiing.,2) The teenagers are crazy about the pop singer.,be crazy to do sth,1) You are crazy to do such a thing.,2) Yo
24、u are crazy to buy a car at such a high price.,= Its crazy of you to buy a car at such a high price.,8. to do inf. 作定语,Do you have anything to eat? Im extremely hungry.,9. stay (link v) + adj/ n,1) I stayed awake through the stormy night.,2) He stayed single all his life.,3) The weather stayed sultr
25、y.天气持续闷热。,4) Stay seated!坐在那别动!,10. do sth on purpose,I think she lost the key on purpose.,do sth with/ for the purpose of,He took along one of his pictures with the purpose of finding a job.,= He went to town in order that he could sell the painting.,11. in order to = so as to,He went to town in or
26、der to sell the painting.,12. much too + adj/ adv too much (+ un),= more than enough,She is afraid that the trip will be too much for me. He doesnt talk too much. The dress is much too long for me. I got into the taxi and the driver started off at once and drove much too fast. Its much too hot.,13.
27、happen vi.,1) What time did the accident happen?,2) No one know who had fired the gun it all happened so quickly.,sb. happen to do sth. (似乎)碰巧,= to be or as if by chance,I happened to see her on my way to work.,If you happen to find it, please let me know.,It happens/ happened that clause,It happene
28、d that they went out when I called.,14. hold/ have sb in ones power 控制住/ 摆布某人,15. Its the first/ second time that 某人第一/二次做,The thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.,16. cheat v.,to act in a dishonest way in
29、order to win 欺骗，作弊,Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom.,任何被发现作弊的学生将被赶出教室。,2) to take from (someone) in a dishonest way 骗，骗取,他们让那老妇人在她不懂的文件上签字，骗了她的钱。,They cheated the old woman (out) of her money by making her sign a document she didnt understand.,cheat n.,an act of cheating,
30、 dishonest trick 作弊行为 2) one who cheats 骗子,17. lonely & alone,1）He has been very lonely since his wife left him. 2) She lives alone. 3) The gloves alone cost $80.,lonely: unhappy because of being alone or without friends 孤独的，寂寞的,alone: 1) without any friends or separated from others 单独的 2) only 仅仅，只
31、有。用于名词或代词之后。,leave/let sb or sth alone,Not take, touch or interfere with sb. or sth. 不带走，不触摸，不干涉某人或某事,1) 不要动，那时我的东西。,Leave that alone. Its mine.,2) 她要求不要打扰她。,She has asked to be left alone.,18. dare,But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.,dare具有情态动词和一般动词两种用法。,Grammar,直接引
32、语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.,3) She said , “What are you doing
33、?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直
34、接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that,解题步骤:,1.陈述句:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.,Sarah,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficu
35、lty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序,2.一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition
36、 of the soil? ( They asked him ),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. H
37、e asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat ? ( They asked him ),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the
38、 wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror,5. 注意地点的
39、变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1. 注意时态的变化,2. 注意人称变化。,3. 注意指示代词的变化,4. 注意时间的变化,6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化,When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.,Direct indirect Present pa
40、st Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfect past perfect,The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”,She says t
41、hat shell never forget the days in the country.,2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.”,They told us that they love that game.,3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”,1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中
42、有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the we
43、ek before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you ne
44、xt week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.,He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalia
45、n. 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,Sarah said she didnt like swimming.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get throu