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1、动词时态,时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。 英语有16种时态，但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和现在完成进行时。,时态的分类,动词各种时态的讲解,一.一般现在时态（do/does式）： 1.一般用法: 1表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. He often go to the cinema. My sister wears glasses. I go to the school every day. 2表示现在或经常
2、性的情况或状态, e.g. Mother is ill. He likes living in the country. 3表示现在的能力、特征、职业等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力） My father gets up early. （习惯） Miss Dothy teaches English. （职业） This machine runs smoothly. （特征）,4表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. Summer follows spring. （客观规律） The earth runs around the sun.
3、（客观规律） Fire burns. （客观事实） Knowledge is power. （客观真理） 2.特别用法: 1主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. Ill write to her when I have time. If we hurry up, we can catch the bus. Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 2主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. Whatever you say, I wont pay.,Wheth
4、er you help him or not, he will fail. Next time Ill do as he says. 3用于“the比较级,the比较级”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将来或一般将来时,e.g. The more you eat, the fatter you （will）become. 4当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将来,eg. Ill give you anything you ask for. Hell give anyone 5，000 who helps him with his Russian. 5表示按规定、时间表 、
5、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g. Are you on duty next weekend? The train leaves at 12:00.,6用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作,即瞬间的现在，说话和动作同时开始，同时结束，e.g. Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 7在make sure（弄清楚）,make certain （弄清楚）, mind（注意）,watch（注意）,take care（注意,当心） be careful （注意,当心）等后的that从句中用一般现在时表将来,e.g. We m
6、ust take care that no one sees us. Make sure you lock the door before you leave. Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings. Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. 8在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,It doesnt matter where we go on holiday. Does it mat
7、ter who goes first? I dont care whether we win or lose. 9主句是将来完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般过去时）,e.g. By the time he comes, Ill have left. （ By the time he came, I had left. ） 二.一般过去时态（did式）: 1.基本用法: 1表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were c
8、hildren. 注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to work by bus.,2表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态: He bought the computer five years ago. It was then a small fishing village. 2.特别用法: 1表客气或委婉的现在: I wondered if you were free this evening. I thought you might like some flowers. （注:过去进行时也可表示现在使语气更委婉、客气,eg. I was wo
9、ndering if you could give me a lift. We were hoping you would stay with us. 能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, intend等少数动词。） 2 一般过去时态用于某些特殊结构中表现在,这些结构主要是its time,I wish, I would rather,if only,as if, as though等: Its time we started. I wish I knew his name. Id rather you lived with us. 注:would ra
10、ther等还可用一般过去时表将来.e.g. I would rather you came next Monday. 三.一般将来时（will/shall动原）: 1.一般用法: 一般将来时基本用法：表示单纯的将来事实，e.g. We shall have a lot of rain next month. 2.表示将来时的常见用法及区别:be to/be going to/be about to/bev-ing / be due to/will/shall 动原 1表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事用will , e.g. -You forget to close t
11、he door. -Oh, Ill close it at once.,-Ann is in hospital. -Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her. 2表示迹象表明要发生某事,则只能用be going to, e.g. Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. 3be going to还有以下用法,e.g. 强调主观想法或意图: Im going to wash the car if I have time. （注意:此时不能用 bev- ing, bev- ing表示将来,主要强调已经
12、作出的安排,e.g. Im picking you up at 6:00,dont forget. ） 强调某个意图是事先考虑好的: -Ann is in hospital. -Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow.,4be to:命中注定的事,隐含在未来之中的事, I think we are to meet again many years later. 父母让子女,上级让下级做的事,表示命令, Youre to do your homework before you watch TV. 表征求意见,用于问句, Are we to hand
13、 in the papers at 10:30? 5be about to表示动作之快的将来,其后不能接时间状语,它与be on the point of doing sth.相似, Autumn is about to start. They are on the point of starting. 6be due to与时间表,旅行计划等有关,e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00. He is due to leave very soon. 四.过去将来时（would动原）与一般将来时相似。,五.现在完成时（have/hasp.p.） 1.基本用法
14、: 1影响性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,e.g. He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着） 2持续性用法:该用法表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g. Have you waited long? We have been busy this afternoon. 2.用现在完成时的典型场合:,1“since过去时间”或“since接从句（
15、从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been since I last saw you? 2句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now等短语则句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g. So far there has been no news. She hasnt had any friends so far. In the past two years Ive seen him th
16、ree times. He has been in Guangdong （for）the last month. Up to now, the work has been very easy. 3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句”,或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句”从句中谓语用现在完成时,e.g. It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang. It/Th
17、is/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life. It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read. （注:以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态） 3.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这个动作发生的时间是过去。e.g. Ive lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这儿 ）, I lived here for ten years.
18、（现在不住在这儿 ） He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子） He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了） 4.“have been to 地点”与“have gone to地点”,前者表示去过某地,说话的时候已不在去过的地方,现在在对方的身边,而后者表示说话的时候,去某地的人不在场,可能到达某地,也可能在去某地的路上,反正不在说话者的身边。e.g. He has been to Paris three times. He has gone to Paris. 六.过去完成时（had p.p.） 1
19、.基本用法:既表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也表示从某一较早的过去动作持续到一个较迟的过去的动作,e.g.,He had left when I arrived. By six oclock he had worked twelve hours. 用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。 2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/ suppose等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等e.g. I had meant to come, but somethi
20、ng happened. （ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ） 这种用法在不定式里讲。,3.一些特殊句型中的过去完成时: 1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That was the
21、 onlythat从句”或“It/This/That was the 最高级 that从句”从句中谓语用过去完成时。 2by（ the end of ）过去时间,句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By 8:00a.m. yesterday, we had arrived the park. 3by the time一般过去式,主句中谓语用过去完成时,e.g. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine. 4No sooner had
22、主语p.p. than 一般过去时,Hardly had主语p.p. when 一般过去时 Scarcely had主语p.p. when /before一般过去时 Barely had主语p.p. before一般过去时 e.g. No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried. 七.现在进行时（ bev-ing ）: 1.基本用法: 表示说话人在说话时正在进行的动作,或不断重复的动作或目
23、前这个阶段（ 不一定是说话的时候 ）正在进行的动作,e.g. Were having a meeting. （说话时正在进行的动作） He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）,2.现在进行时表示将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow. They are getting married next week. 注:现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图,而一般现在时态表示将来,除特殊的从句用一般现在时态表示将来,一般其客观性较强,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的事情,e.g. Im not go
24、ing out this evening. What time does the train leave? 3.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly / continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. Shes always helping others.,Shes constantly changing her mind. 4.动词be的现在进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g. She is foolish.（生性如此） She is being foolish.（一时的表现） 能这样用的形容词多为angry, careful
25、, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等动态形容词。 八.过去进行时（was/were v-ing ） 1.一般用法:表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作, He was playing while I was studying. 2.过去进行时表示现在,主要使语气更委婉、客气,eg. I was wondering if you could give me a lift. We were hoping you would stay with us. 能这样用的动词主要限于want, wonder , think, hope, in
26、tend等少数动词。,3.过去进行时与always/forever/constantly / continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g. Shes always helping others. They were always quarrelling. 4.动词be的过去进行时,表示一时的表现或暂时的状态,e.g. She was friendly.（生性如此） She was being friendly.（一时的表现） 九.将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing） 1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,e.g. When I get h
27、ome at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.,By 8:00a.m. tomorrow, we will have arrived the park. 3.by the time一般现在时,主句中谓语用将来完成时,e.g. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine. 4.与用一般现在时态表示将来一样,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来,e.g. Ill go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作以
28、后我就同你去。 十一.现在完成进行时（have/has been v-ing） 1.一般用法:表示现在以前的一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.,2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 1现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时表示一个正在进行的动作,e.g. I have read the book. I have been reading the book. 2现在完成时只陈述一个事实,但现在完成进行时可表示感情色彩,e.g. I have waited th
29、ree hours. I have been waiting three hours.（等得好辛苦） 3现在完成进行时常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,而现在完成时谈论延续较长的动作或情况,甚至永久情况,e.g. He has lived in Paris. He has been living in Paris.,十二.过去将来完成时（would havep.p.） 表示在过去看来将来某个时候已经完成的动作,e.g. She said she would have finished her exams by then. 强化训练: 1. Since I won the big prize, my
30、 telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People_ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when_ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come,D,A,3. -Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiti
31、ng for you at the school gate. -Oh！I thought they _ without me. went B. are going C. have gone D.had gone 4. They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far. A.had been working, are still working B. had worked, were still working
32、 C. have been working, have worked D. have worked, are still working 5. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing,D,A,C,6. The manager had fallen asleep where he _ ,without undressing. A. w
33、as laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 7. More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 8. The country life he is used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 9. When the
34、old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountains. A. started, had already hidden B. had started, had already hidden C. had started, was hiding D. was starting, hid,B,B,B,A,10. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C.
35、will have left D. left 11. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you_ advertisement showing happy families. A.will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 12. -I hear Jeans has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice！Do you know when she_ ? A. was leaving
36、 B. had left C. has left D. left 13. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_ . has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown,C,A,D,C,14. You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I_ anything about it sooner. I certainly thi
37、nk its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C.wont say D. didnt say 15. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 16. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is
38、changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will changed,D,D,A,17. Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have._ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going 18. The reporter said that the UFO_ from east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B.travelled C. had been traveling D. was
39、to travel 19. - Hey, look where you are going！ -Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice 20. -Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she _ ！ A.promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised,A,A,B,B,21. Shirley_ a book about China last yea
40、r but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 22. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 23. -Is this raincoat yours? -No, mine _ there behind the door
41、. A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung 24. -Who is Jerry Cooper? -_ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet,D,B,A,D,25. -Can I help you? -Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but
42、 it _. A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant work D. doesnt work 26. -_ My glasses? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen 27. Hellen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left, comes B. left ,had come C. had left, came D. had left, would come 28. -Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. -Its 9568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant,D,D,C,A,