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1、高考英语语法复习课件 动词时态和语态 湘西州民族中学 秦文鹏,True or False,1. He a student. 2. He is learn English. 3. He has finish his homework. 4. He will been study English. 5. He maked a mistake. 6. He had complete his task ahead of time.,True or False,1. He a student. 2. He is learn English. 3. He has finish his homework.
2、4. He will been study English. 5. He maked a mistake. 6. He had complete his task ahead of time.,He is a student.,is learning,has finished,will be studying,made,had completed,时 态,时,式,现 在,过 去,将 来,过去将来,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,以work 为例,works,worked,will work,would work,is/am/are working,was/were working,will
3、 be working,would be working,have/has worked,had worked,will have worked,would have worked,have/has been working,had been working,will have been working,would have been working,work 的现在完成进行式,have/has done,be doing,have/has been doing,work 的一般将来完成进行式,will do,have /has done,be doing,will have been doi
4、ng,finish 的将来完成进行式的被动态,will do,have/has done,be doing,be done,will have been being finished,Our maths teacher has a big nose.,2. We get up at 6:00 every morning.,客观性，经常性，永恒性,3. The plane for London leaves at 7:30 next Monday,4. If it rains tomorrow, will you still go？,1.固定时刻表或事先安排的动作 2.时间状语从句、条件状语从句
5、中： 代替一般将来式,1. My brother is reading an interesting novel these days.,2. I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.,阶段性，暂时性，过程性，进行性,3. You are always helping me whenever I am in trouble.,4. She is leaving for Guangzhou next week.,1.与always, constantly, forever等连用带
6、强烈感情色彩。 2.可以表示按计划、方案或安排而进行的将来的动作。,1. They have just cleaned the classroom. (即：The room is clean now. ),2. I havent seen him since he left home.,过去动作，联系现在,3. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped completely.,4. I have kept the dictionary for 10 days. (不能用have borrowed),1. 在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时 已经
7、完成的动作。 2. 瞬间动词不与“for时间”段连用,1. Ive been sitting here all day.,2. Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty? Mom, I have been cleaning my store room downstairs.,持续不断，或许还在进行,1. We visited the factory last Friday.,2. Oh, its you. I didnt recognize you at first.,回顾过去，对比现在,3. If the weather had been better, we cou
8、ld have had a picnic. But it rained all day.,4. I had planed to come back last night, but I had an unexpected visitor.,5. I would rather you came here tomorrow.,6. Its time that we left for school now.,虚拟语气用法,1. He was watching TV this time yesterday.,2. Tom slipped into the house when no one was lo
9、oking.,暂时性，过程性,3. My grandfather was always forgetting things.,4. I was wondering if you could answer my question.,1. 与always, constantly, forever等连用带强烈感情色彩 2. 表礼貌,1. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.,2. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.,明显的过去的
10、过去,3. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. = No sooner had he begun to speak than the audience interrupted him.,4. They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.,5. I would rather you had not come here yesterday.,虚拟语气用法,1. I will be 17 next month.,2. Sorry, I for
11、got to post your letter. It doesnt matter. I will go and post it myself.,will / shall do 表示： 1. 单纯的将来； 2. 临时的打算,1. Ann is in hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow.,2. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.,be going todo 表示： 1. 说话时早已打算做； 2.根据客观迹象预示着,1. The president is to visit the
12、school next week.,2. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (相当于should, ought to),be todo 表示： 强制性“务必要”； 2. “想要”； 3. “注定要”等情态意味,3. They were never to meet again.,I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.,be about to dowhen表示： 正要做某事时突然,1. What will you be doing this time tomorro
13、w morning?,2. You can use my bike. I wont be needing it tomorrow.,will be doing 将来某刻正在进行,1. By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.,2. By the time you arrive in New York, you will have been away for two weeks.,will have done 将来某时已完成,1. He said he would come and help
14、me if necessary.,2. I didnt know if she was going to see us off.,would do 过去支点，预言未来,1. On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. 2. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.,一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。,2010重庆卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last
15、century， and little of the original building _ now. Aremains Bis remained Cis remaining Dhas been remained,A,1. I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America.,一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。 而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。,2. I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next.,2010北京卷 Im s
16、orry，but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry，I _myself clear. We want to return on October 20. Ahadnt made Bwouldnt make Cdont make Dhavent made,D 本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为： 抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白， 强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。,1. I read a book last month.,2. I was reading a boo
17、k last month.,一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。 过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点 或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有 进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。,1. The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.,判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的 时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前 还有没有另一个动作 ，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。,完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合体， 除了有完成时的基本特征，更强调动作的持续性。 完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调
18、动作的延续。,Why does the river smell terrible? Because the water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted 【解析】 C 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是the water，谓语动词用单数，选C。,动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一 种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动 语态。被动语态由“助动词be 过去分词
19、”构成， 不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。,am/is/are asked,was/were asked,shall/will be asked,would be asked,am/is/are being asked,was/were being asked,have/has been asked,had been asked,will/would have been asked,can/must/may be asked,1. 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，别漏掉短语动词的介词或副词。 如：Trees should not be planted in summ
20、er. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 2. “get 过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed. 3. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is
21、supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 4. 不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, last, break out, come about, come out等。如： The book came out last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours without reaching any agreement.,5. 连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear,
22、seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都没有被动语态。如： The food tastes good. The cloth feels soft. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 6. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如： The book
23、 sells well. 这本书很畅销。 My pen wont write. 我的笔写不出字来。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。,12010上海卷 The church tower which _ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restor
24、ed C. is restoring D. is being restored 【解析】 D 本题考查被动语态。restore意为“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，选D。,22009北京卷 John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather_ with them to school. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take 【答案】 B 32009辽宁卷 Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair
25、_ all day. Could you speak to her now? A. phones B. has phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned 【解析】 C 考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行，选C。,42009天津卷 My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live 【解析】
26、 A 考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，选A。,5. Hi, Lucy, you look tired. Im really tired. I _the living room all day. Apainted Bhad painted Chave been painting Dhave been painted 【解析】 C 表示我一整天都在刷房子，应该用现在完成进行时。,62009上海卷 During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _
27、not to touch any unattended bag. A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned 【解析】 B 根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示“一种感情色彩”，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。,7He_ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had
28、 played 【解析】 B 考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“when he was young”这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由“regularly” 可知他过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，选B。,82010全国卷 Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting 【解析】 C 考查动词时态语态。make sure意为“确信，
29、确保”，set tables意为“摆放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。,92010全国卷 Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. Adidnt realize Bdont realize Chavent realized Dwasnt realizing 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。这里应用一般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。,10My friend went to Canada three years ago. He_ there for a few months and then went to America. Awas living Bhas li
30、ved Cwas lived Dlived 【解析】 D 句意为：我的朋友三年前去了加拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美国。由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去，且已经结束，故用一般过去时。,112010四川卷 When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，所以用现在完成时。,12Have you read
31、the book called Waiting for Anya? Who _it? A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written 【解析】 C 本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的这本书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过去式。 13They_ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 【解析】 B 本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张去加拿
32、大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙述事实，又发生在过去，选B。,14The singer together with her band _invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party? No, no sooner _than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby. A. was; I had left B. were; I have gone C. was; had I left D. were; did I leave 【解析】 C 主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语(the singer)后面跟有
33、together with引起的短语，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，所以要用was；否定词no sooner和than连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一就”。,152010四川卷 Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。由语境“老师将批评你”，知道你没有完成应该做的，所以用过去时，expe
34、ct sb. to do sth. 意为“期待某人做某事”，此处要用被动形式。,162010全国卷 Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? No，I _ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。all day yesterday是信息词，暗示用过去进行时。,172010福建卷 Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs th
35、ey _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 【解析】 D 考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的时态是现在时，又根据before leaving their hometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果，所以该空应为现在完成时。,182010安徽卷 Weve spent too much money recently. Well，it isnt
36、 surprising. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time. A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming 【解析】 D 考查时态。句意为：“最近我们花钱太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和all the time。,192010北京卷 In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the wor
37、ds _. A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 【解析】 A 本题考查动词的时态和语态。the “r” sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一般现在时态。,20Unfortunately, when I got to her flat, she _，so we had only a moment for a few words. A. just left B. had just left C. has just left D. was just leaving
38、 【解析】 D 考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。,21Has Tom already finished his new story? I have no idea. He _it last month. A. had written B. was writing C. would write D. wrote 【解析】 B 本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B项。,22How come your fath
39、er can read books in German? Well, he _on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young. A. worked B. was working C. had worked D. would work 【解析】 A 考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3 years表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选A。,23Whats the problem, Sir? You _at least at a speed of about 100 miles p
40、er hour. A. are driving B. drive C. were driving D. have been driving 【答案】 C,24Are you still very busy? Yes，I _the report for the manager and it wont take long. A. have just finished B. am just finishing C. had just finished D. am just going to finish 【解析】 B 考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据“it wont take long”推知，报
41、告将要写完但并没有写完。,25. Why didnt you let me know the latest news? Sorry, I was going to call you but I _ unexpected visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 【解析】 A 经典题目，虚拟语境，陈述考点，表示本想做某事但未完成，讲述原因时用陈述语气。,26. You cant drive this car anymore, because obviously it _beyond repair. A. has been damaged
42、B. has damaged C. had damaged D. had been repaired 【解析】 A 根据前半句的内容可知，此处应该用现在完成时表示损坏动作对现在的影响，兼顾语态。,27. Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 【解析】 C 这家商店还没有倒闭，只是即将倒闭。用现在进行时表将来。 28. Help me out in the kitchen
43、 and I _ you to a fresh pot of coffee. Sounds good. A. will treat B. treat C. am treating D. have treated 【解析】A 祈使句+and sb. will do 句型,29. Just an hour ago he was telling me on the phone that he _ home right after the work. A. comes B. came C. would come D. will come 【解析】C 过去的时间支点是he was telling me,
44、 宾语从句的动作发生在后，用过去将来时。 30. Tom is very happy in China during this period because his Chinese _ every day. A. has improved B. is improving C. improved D. is improved 【解析】B 在中国的日子Tom的汉语水平天天在提高，用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。,summary,。,【考点透视】,动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题 中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者 常从三个角度进行命题： 一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择； 二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间 状语作出选择； 三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为 复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。,Thank you,