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1、土木工程专业英语分类词汇目 录1. 一般术语12. 房屋建筑结构术语33. 公路路线和铁路线路术语44. 桥、涵洞和隧道术语55. 水工期建筑物术语66. 结构构件和部件术语87. 地基和基础术语108. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语119. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1210. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1411. 几何参数和常用量程术语1512. 工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计17191. 一般术语1building and civil engineering structures工程结构2design of building and civil enginee
2、ring structures工程结构设计3building engineering房屋建筑工程4civil engineering土木工程5highway engineering公路工程6railway engineering铁路工程7port (harbour) and waterway engineering港口与航道工程8hydraulic engineering水利工程9hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering水利发电工程(水电工程) 10construction works建筑物(构筑物)11structure结构12foundation基础
3、13foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground地基14timber structure木结构15masonry structure砌体结构16steel structure钢结构17concrete structure混凝土(砼)结构 18special engineering structure特种工程结构 19building房屋建筑20industrial building工业建筑21civil building; civil architecture民用建筑22highway公路 23highway network公路网24freeway高速公
4、路25arterial highway干线公路26feeder highway支线公路27railway; railroad铁路(铁道)28standard gauge railway标准轨距铁路29broad gauge railway宽轨距铁路30narrow gauge railway窄轨距铁路31railway terminal铁路枢纽32railway station铁路车站33port; harbour港口34marine structure港口水工建筑物 35navigation structure; navigation construction通航(过船)建筑物 36ligh
5、t house灯塔 37water conservancy水利 38multipurpose hydraulic project; key water-control project; hydro-junction水利枢纽39reservoir水库40hydraulic structure; marine structure; maritime construction水工建筑物41water retaining structure; retaining works挡水建筑物42intake structure进水(取水)建筑物 43outlet structure; outlet works
6、; sluice works泄水建筑物44conveyance structure输水建筑物45regulating structure; training structure rectification structure整治建筑物46hydro-electric station; hydropower station水电站47pump station水泵站(抽水站、扬水站、提水站)48safety device安全设施2. 房屋建筑结构术语1mixed structure混合结构2slab-column system板柱结构3frame structure框架结构4arch structu
7、re拱结构5folded-plate structure折板结构6shell structure壳体结构7space truss structure网架结构8cable-suspended structure悬索结构9pneumatic structure充气结构10shear wall structure剪力墙(结构墙)结构11frame-shear wall structure框架剪力墙结构12tube筒体结构13suspended悬挂结构14high-rise高耸结构3. 公路路线和铁路线路术语1highway公路路线2highway alignment公路线形3horizontal a
8、lignment平面线形4vertical alignment纵面线形5route selection公路选线6route location公路定线7horizontal curve平面线8vertical curve竖曲线9grade change point变坡点10route intersection路线交叉11permanent way铁路线路12railway location铁路选线13location铁路定线14main line正线15sidings站线16minimum radius of curve最小曲线半径17grade section坡段18maximum最大坡度19
9、grade平面交叉20grade立体交叉4. 桥、涵洞和隧道术语1simple supported girder bridge桥2continuous girder bridge简支梁桥3cantilever girder bridge连续梁桥4simple supported girder bridge悬臂梁桥5cable stayed bridge斜拉(斜张)桥6suspension bridge悬索(吊)桥7trussed bridge桁架桥8frame bridge框架桥9rigid frame bridge刚构(刚架)桥10arch bridge拱桥11submersible bri
10、dge漫水桥12pontoon bridge浮桥13right bridge正交桥14skew bridge斜交桥15grade separated bridge; overpass bridge跨线(立交)桥16viaduct高架桥17main span正(主)桥18approach span引桥19curved bridge弯桥20ramp bridge坡桥21combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge公路铁路两用桥22movable bridge开合桥23single-track bridge单线桥24double-track
11、bridge双线桥25bridge superstructure桥跨结构(上部结构)26bridge floor system桥面系27bridge bearing; bridge support桥支座28bridge substructure桥下部结构29bridge tower索塔(桥塔)30abutment桥台31pier桥墩32culvert涵洞33tunnel隧道(洞)34tunnel portal隧道洞口(洞门)35tunnel surrounding rock隧道(洞)围岩36tunnel lining隧道(洞)衬砌5. 水工期建筑物术语1dam坝2dam axis坝轴线3gra
12、vity dam重力坝4arch dam拱坝5buttress dam支墩坝6earth-rock dam; embankment dam土石坝7concrete dam混凝土坝8rubber dam; flexible dam; fabric dam橡胶坝9spur dike; groin丁坝10training dike顺坝11spillway溢洪道12weir堰(溢流堰)13coffer dam围堰14hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞15deep water intake深式进水口16dam type hydropower station堤坝式水电站17diversion con
13、duit type hydropower station引水(引水道)式水电站18tidal power station潮汐电站19pumped storage power station抽水蓄能电站20powerhouse of hydropower station水电站厂房21fore bay前池22pressure conduit压力管道23surge chamber调压室24tailrace尾水渠25navigation lock船闸26ship lift; ship elevator升船机27sluice; barrage水闸28channel渠道29aqueduct; bridge
14、d flume渡槽30chute陡坡31drop跌水32gallery system坝内廊道系统33energy dissipating and anti-scour facility消能防冲设施34seepage control facility防渗设施35drainage facility排水设施36reverse filter反滤设施(倒滤设施)37turbine-pump station水轮泵站38ram station水锤泵站39under dam culvert坝下埋管40silting basin沉消池41dike; levee堤42breakwater; mole防波堤43wh
15、arf; quay码头44sloped wharf斜坡码头45dolphin wharf墩式码头46gravity quay-wall重力式码头47sheet-pile quay-wall板桩码头48open pier on piles; high-pile wharf高桩码头49floating pier; pontoon wharf浮(趸船)码头50dock船坞51ship-building berth船台52slipway滑道6. 结构构件和部件术语1member构件2component; assembly parts部件3section截面4beam; girder梁5arch拱6sl
16、ab; plate板7shell壳8column柱9wall墙10truss桁架11frame框架12bent frame排架13rigid frame刚架(刚构)14simply supported beam简支梁15cantilever beam悬臂梁16beam fixed at both ends两端固定梁17continuous beam连续梁18superposed beam叠合梁19pile桩20sheet pile板桩21pavement路面22carriageway行车道23speed-change lane变速车道24sidewalk人行道25lane separator分
17、隔带26bicycle path自行车道27road shoulder公路路肩28subgrade side ditch路基边沟29catch ditch ;intercepting channel 截水沟(天沟)30drainage ditch排水沟31slope protection; revetment 护坡32retaining wall挡土墙33railway track铁路轨道34rail钢轨35sleeper轨枕36track skeleton轨排37bed 道床38ballast 道碴39turnout道岔40railway shunting hump铁路调车驼峰41conti
18、nuous welded rail无缝线路42rail fastening 钢轨扣件43guard rail护轮轨44railway shoulder铁路路肩45wharf shoulder码头胸墙46relieving slab卸荷板47berthing member靠船构件48mooring post bollard 系船柱49mooring ring 系船环50sluice chamber 闸室51sluice gate; lock gate闸门52sluice pier闸墩53apron护坦54apron extension; apron海漫55stilling basin消能池(消力
19、池)56roller bucket 消能戽(消力戽)57apron; impervious blanket 防渗铺盖58impervious curtain; cut-off 防渗帷幕59sealing ; seal ; water-stop止水60connection连接61joint 节点62expansion and contraction joint 伸缩缝63settlement joint 沉降缝64seismic joint防震缝65construction joint施工缝7. 地基和基础术语1spread foundation扩展(扩大)基础2rigid foundation
20、刚性基础3single footing 独立基础4combined footing 联合基础5strip foundation条形基础6shell foundation壳体基础7box foundation箱形基础8raft foundation筏形基础9pile foundation桩基础10open caisson foundation沉井基础11cylinder pile foundation; cylinder caisson foundation管柱基础12caisson foundation沉箱基础13subgrade of highway (railway) ; formatio
21、n路基14bed ; bedding基床8. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语1reliability 可靠性2safety安全性3serviceability适用性4durability耐久性5basic variable基本变量6design reference period设计基准期7probability of survival可靠概率8probability of failure 失效概率9reliability index 可靠指标10calibration校准法11deterministic method定值设计法12probabilistic method概率设计法13permissi
22、ble (allowable) stresses method容许应力设计法14ultimate strength method破坏强度设计法15limit states method极限状态设计法16limit states 极限状态17limit state equation极限状态方程18ultimate limit states承载能力极限状态19serviceability limit states 正常使用极限状态20partial safety factor分项系数21design situation设计状况22persistent situation 持久状况23transie
23、nt situation短暂状况24accidental situation偶然状况9. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1action作用2load荷载3force per unit length线分布力4force per unit area面分布力5force per unit volume体分布力6moment of force力矩7permanent action永久作用8variable action可变作用9accidental action偶然作用10fixed action固定作用11free action自由(可动)作用.12static action静态作用13dy
24、namic action动态作用14repeated action; cyclic action多次重复作用15low frequency cyclic action低周反复作用16self weight 自重17site load施工荷载18earth pressure土压力19temperature action温度作用20earthquake action地震作用21explosion action爆炸作用22wind load风荷载23wind vibration风振24snow load雪荷载25crane load吊车荷载26floor live load; roof live l
25、oad楼面、屋面活荷载27load on bridge桥(桥梁)荷载28dead load on bridge桥(桥梁)恒荷载29live load on bridge桥(桥梁)活荷载30standard highway vehicle load公路车辆荷载标准31standard railway live load中国铁路标准活载32ship load船舶荷载33crane and vehicle load起重运输机械荷载34ship impact force船舶撞击力35ship breasting force船舶挤靠力36mooring force船舶系缆力37water pressur
26、e水压力38buoyant force; floatage浮力39uplift pressure扬压力40wave pressure; wave force浪压力(波浪力)41ice pressure冰压力42silt pressure泥沙压力43frost heave force; frost heave pressure冻胀力44representative value of an action作用代表值45characteristic value of an action作用标准值46quasi-permanent value of an action作用准永久值47combinatio
27、n value of actions作用组合值48partial safety factor for action作用分项系数49design value of an action作用设计值50coefficient for combination value of actions 作用组合值系数51effects of actions 作用效应52coefficient of effects of actions 作用效应系数53normal force轴向力54shear force剪力55bending moment 弯矩56Bi-moment双弯矩57torque扭矩58stress应
28、力59normal stress正应力60shear stress; tangential stress剪应力61principal stress主应力62Pre-stress预应力63displacement位移64deflection挠度65deformation变形66elastic deformation弹性变形67plastic deformation塑性变形68imposed deformation外加变形69restrained deformation约束变形70strain应变71linear strain线应变72shear strain; tangential strain
29、剪应变73principal strain主应变74combination for action effects作用效应组合75fundamental combination for action effects作用效应基本组合76accidental combination for action effects作用效应偶然组合77combination for short-term action effects短期效应组合78combination for long-term action effects长期效应组合79limiting design value设计限值10. 材料性能、构件
30、承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1resistance抗力2strength强度3compressive strength抗压强度4tensile strength抗拉强度5shear strength抗剪强度6flexural strength抗弯强度7yield strength屈服强度8fatigue strength疲劳强度9ultimate strain极限应变10modulus of elasticity弹性模量11shear modulus剪变模量12modulus of deformation变形模量13poisson ratio泊松比14bearing capacity承载能力1
31、5compressive capacity受压承载能力16tensile capacity受拉承载能力17shear capacity受剪承载能力18flexural capacity受弯承载能力19torsional capacity受扭承载能力20fatigue capacity疲劳承载能力21stiffness; rigidity刚度22crack resistance抗裂度23ultimate deformation极限变形24stability 稳定性25spatial behavior空间工作性能26brittle failure脆性破坏27ductile failure延性破坏2
32、8partial safety factor for resistance抗力分项系数29characteristic value of a property of a material材料性能标准值30partial safety factor for property of material材料性能分项系数31design value of a property of a material材料性能设计值32normal value of geometric parameter几何参数标准值11. 几何参数和常用量程术语1height of section; depth of section
33、截面高度2breadth of section截面宽度3thickness of section截面厚度4diameter of section截面直径5perimeter of section截面周长6area of section截面面积7first moment of area截面面积矩8second moment of area; moment of inertia截面惯性矩9polar second moment of area; polar moment of inertia截面极惯性矩10section modulus截面模量(抵抗矩)11radius of gyration截面
34、回转半径12eccentricity偏心矩13relative eccentricity偏心率14length长度15span跨度16rise矢高17slenderness ratio长细比18longitudinal gradient纵坡19superelevation超高20sight distance视距21width of subgrade路面宽度22width of subgrade路基宽度23clearance of highway公路建筑限界24gauge轨矩25railroad clearance铁路建筑限界26clearance under bridge桥下净空27const
35、ruction height of bridge桥建筑高度28clearance above bridge floor桥建筑限界29clearance of tunnel隧道建筑限界30berth泊位31additional depth; residual depth富余水深32wave characteristics; wave parameters波浪要素33tide level潮位34water level水位35design water level设计水位36dam height坝高37dam length坝长38free board安全超高(富余高度)39dead water lev
36、el水库死水位40normal (pool) level水库设计(正常)蓄水位41design flood level水库设计洪水位42exceptional flood level水库校长核洪水位43dead storage水库死(垫底)库容44usable storage 水库兴利(有效、调节)库容45total reservoir storage水库总库容total12. 工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计1coefficient of friction磨擦系数2mass density质量密度3force (weight) density重力密度4moment of momentum动
37、量矩5dynamic moment of inertia转动惯量6dynamic effect factor 动作用系数7vibration振动8acceleration加速度9frequency频率10natural frequency自振(固有)频率11period周期12natural period of vibration自振周期13periodic vibration周期振动14amplitude of vibration振幅15degree of freedom自由度16Damping阻尼17forced vibration 强迫振动18mode of vibration振型19r
38、esonance 共振20statistical parameter统计参数21mean value平均值22mean square deviation方差23standard deviation标准差24coefficient of mean value均值系数25coefficient of variation变异系数26probability distribution概率分布27fractile; quantile分位数28significance level显著性水平29hydro-static pressure静水压强30hydro-dynamic pressure动水压强31tot
39、al hydro-static pressure静水总压力32pressure gradient压力梯度33pressure head压力水头34level head位置水头35stream field流畅36stream field流线37velocity of flow流速38velocity head of flow流速水头39total head总水头40head loss水头损失41discharge cross section过水断面42wetted perimeter湿周43hydraulic radius水力半径44discharge; flow rate流量45average
40、 velocity平均流速46coefficient of roughness糙率(粗糙系数)47hydraulic slope; energy gradient水力坡度(水力比降)48Reynolds number雷诺数(re)49Froude number弗汝德数(fr)50water hammer水锤(水击)51hydraulic jump水跃52seepage flow渗流53coefficient of compressibility压缩系数54cohesion内聚力(粘聚力)55coefficient of consolidation固结系数56relative density相对密