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1、 http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 提高人工审核自动站报表数据的准确度在月报表数据审核或全面审核时,仍然会出现一些疑误记录或数据,如果不进行人工审查判断,将使我们积累的原始资料出现错误或影响其准确性。该文以日常报表审核中人工审核与数据审核两方面的实践,研究讨论在自动站报表预审中应注意的一些问题。 In the monthly data audit or review, there will still be some errors of records or data, without artificial examine and judge, will give us
2、the original data accumulated error or influence the accuracy of 1-2. Based on the practice of two aspects of artificial audit and review data daily report audit, discusses some problems that should be paid attention to in the reports of automatic station.1人工审核 1 Artificial audit1.1原始记录的审查 1.1 of th
3、e original record review目前青海省的自动站是由定时自动观测项目和定时人工观测项目相结合的,所采集的人工观测数据要人工录入,才能形成一份完整的自动站报表。在每月结束后,预审员首先要对人工观测数据的录入进行校对审核。要逐日检查天气现象与云状、云量与云状以及天气现象与能见度之间是否有矛盾;天气现象的转记是否符合规范的要求;对于蒸发量尤其要注意在有影响蒸发量的日子,特别是有大的降水天气时更要检查蒸发量的处理是否正确;冬季要注意雪深雪压的观测是否正确等。自动观测数据是否有异常情况出现以及异常记录的处理是否符合要求,这些问题都要在机器预审前先由人工预审一遍。在云的检查中,还要注意日
4、照和云的合理配合。 At present the automatic station of Qinghai province is composed of a timing automatic observation and timed artificial observation item combination, artificial observation data collected to manual entry, to form a complete automatic station report. At the end of the month, the first membe
5、r of artificial observation data entry to proofread the audit. Whether there is a contradiction between the daily to check weather and cloud, cloud cover and cloud and weather phenomena and visibility; transfer is in accordance with the specification requirements of weather phenomena; for evaporatio
6、n with particular attention to the effect of evaporation in the day, especially precipitation weather big when must check whether the treatment of evaporation correct; should pay attention to observation of deep snow is correct, the winter snow. Automatic data processing and whether there was abnorm
7、al abnormal records appear to meet the requirements, all these problems to the machine by the artificial prejudication again before the hearing. In the cloud s inspection, but also pay attention to the sunshine and clouds.1.2对查询单要高度重视 1.2 for a single query should attach great importance to每个月预审前先要查
8、看上个月的查询单,对上级业务部门审核出的错误或错情要马上进行更正,避免本月出现类似上月的错误。 To view the last month of a single query each month examination, to correct the superior business department error or wrong right away to avoid similar mistakes in the last month, this month.1.3认真填写备注栏和纪要栏 1.3 fill in the remarks column and summary col
9、umn(1)从气薄-1的备注栏和纪要栏中摘入对记录有影响的原因。检查是否按地面气象观测规范中有关规定进行填写,如不完整记录的统计方法、观测仪器的变动、台站周围变化情况。 ( 1 ) from the gas thin -1 remarks and summary column of abstract cause influence on record. Check whether the relevant provisions in the in Specification for surface meteorological observation to fill out, changes
10、such as statistical methods, not a complete record of observation instrument changes, around the station.(2)出现冰雹天气时,必须将所测得冰雹的最大直径抄入。冬季由于固态降雪出现,停止使用自动站遥测雨量计时,定时降水量用人工观测值代替,因降水或其他原因致使蒸发量为负值时记0。使用和启用遥测雨量计的日期均要在值班日记和备注栏中备注。遇铂电阻地温传感器被积雪覆盖时,须在备注栏注明覆盖的具体时间。如果不备注降雪时,地面温度的变化会非常异常,原因即为积雪覆盖造成的。 ( 2 ) the hail,
11、 hail to the measured maximum diameter of copy. Winter snowfall due to solid, stop using the automatic station telemetry rainfall timing, timing precipitation values instead of manual observation, because of precipitation or other reasons caused evaporation is negative in 0. Use and enable telemetri
12、c hyetometer date shall be on duty memo diary and notes. In case of platinum resistance temperature sensor was covered with snow, to be specified in the remarks column time covering. If does not note the snowfall, variation of the surface temperature is abnormal, the reason is caused by the snow cov
13、er.(3)日照、定时降水全部为人工观测值,不必备注。 ( 3 ) the sunshine, timing of precipitation are all artificial observation value, do not have to note.1.4做好月基本数据库文件的输入、校对、预审工作 1.4 do the monthly basic database file input, proofreading, pre-trial work月基本数据库文件包括自动站和人工观测的数据。对于云、能见度、天气现象、日照、蒸发等人工输入数据应及时进行校对,避免因漏输、山东锅炉误输数据造成
14、报表错误。由于已进入自动站单轨运行,台站的大风记录应以自动站记录为准。 On the basic database files including automatic station and manual observation data. For clouds, visibility, weather, sunshine, evaporation, manual input data should be timely proofreading, avoid the leakage loss, the false input data caused report errors. Since h
15、as entered the monorail operation automatic station, station wind records should be recorded by automatic station shall prevail.1.5月极值的检查 1.5 months of extreme inspection2004年1月1日起执行了新规范。为了保证报表符合新地面气象观测规范的要求,所有气象台站尽可能使用地面气象测报业务软件的要求,进行B文件转A-J文件、及报表制作,在转换后的报表中,发现日极值的挑选并没有按新规范执行。规范规定:月最高、最低气温,气压最高、最低最
16、小相对湿度,最大风速和极大风速,地面最高、最低水汽压,降水量,冻土深度等项目的月极值出现2次或以上相同时,日期栏记天数、风冷冷却器月最长连续降水日数出现2次或以上相同时,降水量和起止日期记其降水量最大者;若2次或以上降水量都相同时,起止日期栏记出现次数,月最大风向频率有2个或以上相同时,挑其出现回数最多的,若回数又相同时,挑其平均风速最大者,若平均风速又相同时,挑取其中与邻近的2个风向频率之和,最大为最多风向。实际工作中,当出现以上项目有2次相同时,其日期值是并记的,为了保证报表制作和规范的统一性,在报表的编制预审时应进行人工修改。 January 1, 2004 from the imple
17、mentation of the new standard. In order to ensure compliance with the new report of surface meteorological observation standard requirement, all meteorological stations as far as possible OSSMO using ground requirements, the B file to A-J file, and the report, after the conversion report, found that
18、 daily extreme selection and not according to the new regulations. Specification: monthly maximum, minimum temperature, maximum pressure, minimum minimum relative humidity, the maximum wind speed and maximum wind speed, the highest ground, the minimum water pressure, precipitation, maximum depth of
19、frozen soil appear months projects such as 2 or more times the same date, remember days, months of longest continuous rainfall days 2 or over the same time, precipitation and the dates of the maximum precipitation; if 2 or more precipitation are the same, the starting and ending date column write ti
20、mes, monthly maximum wind frequency of 2 or more same, pick the most number, if the number of and at the same time, pick the average wind speed maximum, if the average wind speed and at the same time, take one and 2 adjacent frequency of wind direction and wind direction, the maximum for a maximum o
21、f. In practice, when the above 2 projects at the same time, the date value is and remember, in order to ensure the unity of the statements made and norms, in the preparation of the report should be modified manually.1.6全月数据检查 1.6 monthly data check在每月数据检查中一方面对封面、封底(纪要栏、天气概况、备注栏)进行编辑,对人工观测项目进行校对。编辑完封
22、面、封底后存盘。 On the one hand, the monthly data checks on the cover, back cover ( summary column, weather condition, the remarks column ) to edit, proofread the artificial observation project. Edit the end cover, back cover disk.2数据审核 2 Data Auditing在进行月地面数据审核前,要保证审核规则库各参数的合理设置,首先对编辑好的月报表在报表编制下检查各项目数据是否正
23、确,再进行月地面数据审核(机审)。对审核出的疑误记录要对照原始记录逐条认真分析,确实是错误的记录或输入方法有误要予以改正3-4。 1审核规则库的建立 In the months before the ground data audit, to ensure a reasonable set of audit of each parameter rule base, the monthly report compiled in the statements of the project inspection data is correct, then the month surface data
24、 auditing ( machine. ). To audit the incorrect records to control the original records carefully analysis, is indeed a record or input method error error should be corrected to 3-4. The establishment of 1 audit rules.由于测报程序不完善,在审核地面气象观测数据资料之前,为了判断记录准确与否,首先必须建立一个包含有判别标准和尺度的数据文件,即审核规则库。建立及运用好台站的审核规则库,
25、对报表的审核至关重要。审核规则库是自动气象站各气象要素的气候极值或要素时空变化的最大可能值的集合,是计算机审核A文件的标尺。规则库中各气象要素的取值范围应采用本站各要素历年出现的上下限左右的值,如果范围设置过宽,将会漏掉部分疑误信息,如果范围设置过窄,滤下过多疑误信息,对审核起不到应有的作用,因此,建立好审核库是当务之急,建立的适当与否对报表的审核起到一定的作用。 2A文件预审的基本内容 Because the measuring procedure is not complete, prior to the audit of the surface meteorological observ
26、ation data, in order to judge the record is accurate or not, first must establish a contains criteria and scale of the data file, the rule base is audit. Establishment and application of good audit rule base stations, is crucial to the report of the audit. The audit rule library is a collection of t
27、he greatest possible meteorological elements of automatic weather station Climatic Extreme or spatio-temporal change value, is a computer audit A file. Range around the value range of the meteorological elements in the rule library should adopt various elements of the past appear, if the range is se
28、t too wide, will miss some incorrect information, if the range is too narrow, the filter under the suspicious false information, the audit can not play due role, therefore, a pressing matter of the moment is to establish the audit database, establish proper or not to a certain effect on the report o
29、f the audit play. The basic contents of the 2A file PreviewA文件预审的基本内容主要包括数据文件格式检查和记录预审两大部分。一是对A文件的全部数据进行格式检查,即对逐行记录、逐个数据进行检查,其检查项目包括格式是否符合规定的要求、参数是否与本站基本参数库的内容相符;二是对各记录机器相关性予以预审,并通过分析找出矛盾的或不合理、不正常的记录,根据本站审核规则库的内容对逐个记录进行比较,以判断是否存在疑误,判断各要素之间是否存在相关性矛盾或疑误。同时启动“A文件维护”和“格检审核A文件”以达到很好的机审效果。 3预审中错误信息的处理 3.1
30、数据文件格式错误。主要包括以下几类: The basic contents of the A file pre-trial includes mainly two parts inspection and record the data file format. One is to check all data format of A files, which carries on the inspection to the progressive record data, one by one, the inspection items include format is consisten
31、t with the requirements, parameters are consistent with the basic parameters and the content of the database; two is the record of machine dependency to pre-trial, and through the analysis to find out the contradiction or not reasonable, not normal records, comparing one record at a time according t
32、o the site audit rules for the content of the database, to determine the existence of errors, to determine whether there is a correlation between the elements of contradiction or incorrect. At the same time, start A file maintenance and Ge inspection audit A file to achieve good trial effect machine
33、. Error message 3 preliminary processing of 3.1 data file format error. Mainly include the following:(1)首行数据文件格式错。该错误信息可导致无法读取A文件中的本站参数。其处理方法是,主要检查该行记录长度是否正确、字符是否为非法、数据分隔符位置是否正确等,一旦发现错误信息,应将错误的数据予以更改,并重新启动审核。 ( 1 ) the data file format. The error message can lead to A file in the station parameters
34、could not be read. The processing method, mainly check the record length is correct, whether the character is illegal, the data separator location are correct, once discover the error information, should be the wrong data change audit, and restart the.(2)数据文件首行参数与本站参数不符。遇到这种错误,先要将A文件的首行参数库的参数值进行逐个比较
35、,当有参数与本站参数不一致时,必须对A文件的逐项首行参数进行检查,直至找到错误,并做相应的更改,再重新审核。 ( 2 ) the data file first parameter and this station does not match. When this error, the first will be carried out one by one comparison value parameters the parameter library A file, when the parameter and the station is not consistent, must b
36、e one by one with parameters of A file is checked, until you find the error, and make corresponding changes, and then review.(3)数据文件内部格式错误。出现此类错误后,因难以判断数据文件的后面记录内容,审核无法继续。该错误一般发生在A文件中有多行或少行时。其处理方法是:根据预审信息给出的要素,检查该要素及其相邻要素的记录行数是否正确,将错误的记录更正后再重新启动审核A文件,直至此类错误信息消除为止。 ( 3 ) the data file format error. S
37、uch a mistake, because it is difficult to judge the following records content data files, audit cannot continue. This error generally occurs in the A file has more or less line. The method is: according to preliminary information elements are given, the inspection of the elements and their adjacent
38、elements of the row number is correct, the wrong records of corrections and restart the audit of A file, until this error message cancellation date.(4)数据文件首部参数与要素方式不符。这类多数是因为A文件首部的自动气象站型号、观测项目、索引与相应要素的方式位不一致所致。要消除这类错误,只须更改错误参数并重新启动审核A文件即可。( 4 ) the data file header parameters and elements of style d
39、oes not match. This is because the majority of the A file header of the automatic weather station observation model, project, index and the corresponding elements of the mode bit inconsistencies in. To eliminate this kind of mistake, just change the error parameters and restart the audit of A files.