《动词时态与语态.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词时态与语态.ppt（45页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、动词时态与语态,江西莲塘二中 周娟,一.时态,在英语中,在不同的时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用动词不同的形式表示出来,动词的这种不同形式构成了动词的时态.,时态表work,时态表,常用的11种动词时态可以通过下图直观展示:,现在,将来,过去,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去进行时,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般现在时,一般过去时,将来完成时,一般将来时,将来进行时,专题一,一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时,（一）一般现在时,1.表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态，通常与usually, often, always, sometimes, every day, once
2、a week等时间状语连用，有时也可不加这类状语。 He always helps others. 2.表示客观事实或普通真理。 The earth moves around the sun.,3.表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事，通常限于表示“运动”的短暂性动词，如go, come,leave,start,begin,arrive,take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。在这种情况下，一般现在时表示的是一般将来时的意义。 He comes back home tomorrow.,4.在有连词when, as soon as, before, until, if等引导的表示未来行为
3、的时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。 As soon as he comes here, he will go to visit you.,（二）现在进行时,1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 They are having an English class today. 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻这一动作不一定在进行。 The Chinese are eating more meat now than they used to. 3.在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。 When you are p
4、assing my way, please drop in.,4.现在进行时与always, all the time, forever, constantly等词连用，表示感叹，惊讶,赞许，厌恶等情感. He is always thinking of others first. 5.连系动词be的一般时有进行时的含义. She is at work. 所以be动词一般不用进行时,但如果表示短暂的行为或表示“故意如此”也可以用进行时。,(三).现在完成时,1.强调过去的行为对现在的影响. The young man has joined the army. 2.表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现
5、在。 I have worked here for five years. 3.表示经历过的事情. I have only been to the Green Wall once. 4.在时间状语,条件状语等从句中，代替将来完成时. Ill go with you as soon as I have finished my work.,基础过关训练,.基础巩固 用所给动词的适当形式填空. 1.He always _ to work late, which makes the boss angry and disappointed. (go) 2.Now watch carefully and
6、see what _ in the experiment. (happen) 3.Someone _ at the door. It might be the postman. (knock) 4.The manager _. If only you had come a moment earlier! (leave),goes,is happening,is knocking,has left,疑难易错归纳,疑难点一.一般现在时态替代其他时态 1.代替一般过去时. 表示“书上说”“报纸上说”等。 叙述往事,使其生动。 The newspaper says that its going to
7、be cold tomorrow.,2.代替现在完成时,其动词多为:hear, tell, learn, write, forget, know, find, say, remember等. I hear (have heard) he will go to London. 3.代替现在进行时,常用于“Here comes”“There goes”等句型中。 There goes the bell. 4.代替一般将来时，常用于时间，让步，条件状语从句中。 Unless you overcome that habit, you will be ruined.,疑难点二.不用于进行时态的动词类别,
8、1.短暂性动词类:finish, marry, get up, come, go 等. 2.感官类:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice等. 3.感觉类:hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等. 4.存在类: be, exist, remain, stay等. 5.占有,从属类: have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of, form等. 6.认知类: understand, know, believe, think, do
9、ubt, forget, remember 等.,疑难点三.现在进行时表“即将”的用法,有些瞬间动词用于进行时态，往往表示“即将”，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，其动词有:come, go , leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, stay, return, take等. Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?,疑难点四.have gone to与have been to的用法比较,have gone to 去而未归 have been to 去过已经回来了 It cant be John. He has gone to
10、town. John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.,疑难点五.特殊句式的时态,It/This is /will be the first/second/thirdtime that have/has done It is the first time that Ive been here.,能力提高训练,1. Send my regards to yours lovely wife when you _ home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write 2. No
11、wadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked,D,C,专题二,一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时,(一)一般过去时,1.表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作或所处的状态,常与yesterday, last year, in 2007, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用. Where did you go just now? 2.表示过去某一段时
12、间内经常或反复发生的动作,通常与often, usually等表示频度的副词连用,特别是would/used to do表示的句型，本身表现的就是过去时. He used to visit his mother once a week.,3.在时间,条件状语从句中用来代替过去将来时. Mary had left the keys in the classroom so she had to wait until her mother came home.,(二)过去进行时 1.表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作,常与at that time, then, the whole afternoon
13、, at six yesterday, this time yesterday, last night连用. What were you doing last year besides interviewing people?,2.表示在过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作. I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning. 3.表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行. When he called me yesterday, I was having dinner. 4.表示过去将要发生的动作. He told me he was leaving f
14、or Shanghai tomorrow.,(三)过去完成时,1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作,即这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, at, before等构成的短语以及由when, before, after, until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。 By the end of last term, I had already learnt 5000 words. 2.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.,3.用在间接引语或
15、宾语从句中，置于said, told, asked, thought, wondered等过去时的动词后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情. She wondered who had left the door open.,基础过关训练,1.When I was a child, I often _football in the street. (play) 2.He _ TV from 7 to 9 last night. (watch) 3.Whenever the Browns _ during their visit, they were given a warm welcom
16、e. (go) 4.The students did it better than I _. (expect),played,was watching,went,had expected,疑难易错归纳,疑难点一.一般过去时的特殊用法 1.一般过去时的句子有时用地点状语暗示动作发生的时间是过去. -Have you seen a pen? I left it here this morning. -Is it a black one? I think I saw it somewhere.,2.有时句子的其他成分含有的时间也暗示了动作发生在过去. The year 2002 saw remark
17、able changes in Shanghais landscape. 2002年目睹了上海地貌的巨大变化. 3.在很多情况下,一般过去时的时间都是通过具体上下文来体现的. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon returned to his old ways.,疑难点二.一般过去时表示的其他时间,一般过去时除了表示动作发生在过去，还能表示: 1.表现在.有时替代一般现在时,表示一种婉转,客气,礼貌,商量的语气.表示委婉语气的动作有:want, hope, wonder, think, intend等及情态动词could, wo
18、uld. Would you mind my sitting here? 2.表将来.一般过去时用在虚拟语气中,表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态.常用的句型有: It is time that sb. did sth. would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事,能力提升训练,1.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _seriously. A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged 2.-Jack, how
19、 do you find your company? -A little worried. We _ground as a leader in this field with the others developing fast. A. have lost B. are losing C. lost D. were losing,D,B,专题三,一般将来时 过去将来时 将来完成时,(一) 一般将来时,1.“shall/will+动词原形”是将来时的最普遍的表达法。 We will/shall go to ask Miss Chen for help. 2.现在进行时有时与某些表示瞬间动作的动词
20、连用，可表示按计划，安排将要发生的动作。常见动词有go, come, start, leave, stay, return,arrive, begin, take, meet等 She s leaving early tomorrow morning.,3.既定的时间如生日，日历，课程安排，交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。常见动词有be, begin, come, go, leave, stop, end, arrive, open, stay, return等。 The train leaves at eight morning from this station. 4.在时间或
21、条件状语从句及even if, in case等引导的状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。 He will call me as soon as he arrives here.,5.“be going to+动词原形”表示打算做某事（以人作主语）或目前迹象表明将要发生某事（以物为主语） Im going to gather some materials about Picasso. 6.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划，安排将要做某事。 The meeting is to take place early tomorrow. 7. be about to do sth. 表示即将发生的动作，不能
22、和具体的时间状语连用。 The new school year is about to begin.,（二）过去将来时,1.表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语。 He said that he would wait for me at the gate. 2.过去将来时的其他表达方法与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去式。 You were going to give me your address but you didnt.,（三）将来完成时,1.将来完成时是由“will/shall +have+过去分词”构成，表示到将来某个时候为止，某件
23、事已经完成了，常与by, before构成的短语或引导的状语从句连用。 The snow will have disappeared before the end of March. 2.表示到将来某一时刻持续多久的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用。 Ill have been here for seven years by next February.,基础过关训练,I dont know when Tom _ tomorrow. (arrive) He said that he _the work very soon. (finish) Mr Chen has saved some
24、 money. He _ _a TV set. (buy) It is said that it _ good weather tomorrow. (be),will arrive,would finish,is,going to buy,will be,疑难易错归纳,疑难点一、be going to与will/shall的用法比较 1.be going to指当前已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will/shall表示事先未思考或计划过的意图。 Im going to see him.（事先经过考虑） Ill answer the door.（未经事先考虑的意图） 2. be going to
25、可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will则表明说话者的观点，主观意识。 Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.（客观迹象表明要发生） I hope it will be warm tomorrow.（主观意愿） 3. will/shall还可作情态动词用，表示感情色彩。 Will you come this way, please?,疑难点二、表示过去将来的其他情况,1.was/were going to do可表示过去的打算，也可表示没有实现的动作。 We were going to have a sports meeting
26、last week, but it rained. 2.was/were to do既可指过去的计划，也可表示“后来结果，注定”的含义；was/were to have done表示计划没有实现。 The conference on SARS was to be held the next week.,3.was/were about to do 表示过去某时看来即将要发生的事。 I was about to turn on the power of the computer when the electricity was cut off. 4.was/were doing表示计划安排过去将
27、要发生的动作。 Mr Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later.,疑难点三、将来完成时的特殊情况,1.在时间或条件状语从句中，可以用现在完成时来表示将来完成的概念。 Dont get off until the bus has stopped. 2.will have done还可表示说话人对某一已经完成的动作或事态的推测或揣测，主要用于第二、第三人称主语，带有明显的情态意义。 The rain will have kept you indoors today.,疑难点四、时态的呼应,1.“时态的呼应”指在从句中，谓语动词的时态常要受主句谓语
28、动词的时间的制约，常见于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中。 （1）若主句的谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态，从句的谓语动词可以根据句意而选用任何时态。 I dont know you have been in Changsha for two years. （2）若主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句要用表示过去的某个时态与之呼应。也就是说，若从句动作和主句动作同时发生，从句中的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时；如果从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用过去完成时；如果从句动作后于主句动作发生，从句则用过去将来时。 He told me that he had visited America befor
29、e.,2.时态的呼应并不发生在所有从句中，在状语从句和定语从句中可根据意义的需要来选用任何时态；当从句表示客观真理时，时态不受主句谓语动词的影响，而用一般现在时。 When I was a primary school pupil, my teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun.,能力提升训练,1.By the time he return, the project probably_ ahead of time. A. will be finishing B. are finishing C. will have finished D. have finished 2. I dont know if my brother_ tonight. A. will return B. is returning C. has returned D.returns,C,A,