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1、导线测量实习指导书一、目的1掌握导线的外业测量工作，选点、水平角测量、全站仪距离测量等；2规范外业测量的纪录；3掌握导线计算的方法和步骤；二、实习内容1利用实习场地的已知坐标反算起算方位角；2测出导线各点间的水平角和导线边长；3计算出导线各点的平面坐标；三、实习组织和实习用具五人一小组，每两个小组构成一个闭合环。每组借用：全站仪一套（包括主机1台，棱镜2个，基座1个，三脚架2个，对中杆1个），记录板l块。小组准备：统一的纪录表格34张（备用2张），计算表格56张（备用6张）。四、实习步骤和要求实习地点如下图所示：1在实习场地上选择两个已知点（坐标由指导教师提供）作为闭合导线的起算点：两已知点间
2、的距离尽量远；不同闭合环选择不同的起算点，以避免观测时相互影响。2在6号教学楼四周选择四个导线点：相邻点间保持良好的通视条件；使用记号笔、粉笔或油漆在水泥地面清晰标识出点位位置，点位中心标志尽量小，以减小对中误差；按1A的形式顺时针编号，前面的数字表示闭合环，如1、2小组用1，其他依次类推（2、3、4、5），后面的大写字母表示闭合环中的第几个点，如B、C、D；闭合环间的导线点之间尽量保持一定的距离，以避免观测时的相互影响；每小组安排3个人选点，2个人练习仪器操作。3观测：需要观测的内容包括：导线联系角和转折角，水平距离；同一个闭合环的两个小组协调分工，各观测3个水平角；仪器的对中和整平，两人确
3、认后再开始观测；水平角、水平距离可以同时观测和记录；水平角观测2个测回，由两个人分别观测1个测回后比较差值，差值30秒取平均值，否则由第三个人再观测1个测回，取差值30秒的两个测回的平均值；距离测量时注意设置好温度、气压（由老师提供）、棱镜常数、观测模式（精测模式）；每一条边都需要往返观测，往返测差值5mm取平均值。4计算：全部观测完成后，由两小组的组长负责汇总观测数据，组织小组成员分别独立计算角度闭合差，限差为。若角度闭合差超限，则交换观测检查水平角，检查时只需要观测1个测回；角度闭合差合格后，根据已知坐标推算出起算方位角，将起算数据（起算坐标和坐标方位角）和观测数据（水平角、边长）数据填入
4、导线计算表，每个人分别独立进行后续计算；导线全长相对闭合差1/4000。5上交资料（以小组位单位）：原始观测数据记录表；每个人独立计算的导线计算表格。五、注意事项1本次实习为综合实习，综合运用了以前学习的内容，实习前请认真复习相关知识；2本次实习需要多人合作协调进行，实习开始前，组长应召集本小组同学充分讨论和分工，以保证实习的顺利进行。3记录表用铅笔填写，计算表可用中性笔、钢笔、圆珠笔等填写。六、附录1记录表格；2、计算表格；3已知坐标。测回测站照准点水平角距离盘左读数盘右读数2C值角度值盘左读数盘右读数平均值 mmm闭 合 导 线 坐 标 计 算 表测站角度观测值角度改正值改正后角度值坐标方
5、位角边长坐标增量坐标增量改正值改正后坐标增量坐标XYdxdyXYXY mmmmmmmmm辅助计算草 图西南交通大学犀浦校区测量实习基地水准仪、经纬仪、全站仪测量实习场地坐标成果资料测量实习场地坐标成果表点名北坐标(m)东坐标(m)高程(m)A13405586.9384 403271.3610 530.3570 A23405586.8506 403266.3169 530.3385 A33405586.7748 403261.3354 530.3074 A43405586.6815 403256.3276 530.2968 A53405586.6001 403251.3325 530.2824
6、A63405586.5203 403246.3320 530.2398 A73405586.4517 403241.3273 530.2757 A83405586.3624 403236.3339 530.2724 A93405586.2733 403231.3164 530.2981 A103405586.1968 403226.3226 530.2752 A113405586.1141 403221.2931 530.2869 A123405586.0199 403216.3009 530.2557 A133405585.9369 403211.2942 530.2961 A1434055
7、85.8402 403206.2923 530.3056 A153405585.7590 403201.2856 530.2867 A163405585.6732 403196.2957 530.2594 A173405585.5946 403191.3018 530.2724 A183405585.5126 403186.3094 530.2412 A193405585.4155 403181.3321 530.2121 A203405585.3158 403176.3428 530.2026 B13405590.9296 403271.2745 530.3264 B23405590.847
8、0 403266.2642 530.3268 B33405590.7699 403261.2643 530.3352 B43405590.6968 403256.2728 530.3286 B53405590.6154 403251.2607 530.3073 B63405590.5412 403246.2540 530.3087 B73405590.4733 403241.2775 530.3462 B83405590.3789 403236.2917 530.3919 B93405590.2896 403231.2575 530.3435 B103405590.2179 403226.25
9、11 530.2914 B113405590.1406 403221.2161 530.2842 B123405590.0397 403216.2392 530.2931 B133405589.9453 403211.2295 530.3030 B143405589.8512 403206.2292 530.3052 B153405589.7572 403201.2287 530.2941 B163405589.6598 403196.2301 530.2812 B173405589.5667 403191.2416 530.2534 B183405589.4768 403186.2158 5
10、30.2459 B193405589.3933 403181.2527 530.2321 B203405589.2971 403176.2703 530.2225 C13405595.8972 403271.1912 530.3109 C23405595.8260 403266.1936 530.3286 C33405595.7505 403261.1902 530.3443 C43405595.6802 403256.1868 530.3536 C53405595.6034 403251.1784 530.3726 C63405595.5392 403246.1609 530.3617 C7
11、3405595.4628 403241.1945 530.3750 C83405595.3824 403236.1957 530.3988 C93405595.2864 403231.1650 530.3529 C103405595.2115 403226.1539 530.3046 C113405595.1373 403221.1200 530.3117 C123405595.0372 403216.1582 530.3153 C133405594.9442 403211.1394 530.3295 C143405594.8525 403206.1457 530.3271 C15340559
12、4.7618 403201.1445 530.3047 C163405594.6831 403196.1466 530.3053 C173405594.5793 403191.1457 530.2764 C183405594.4784 403186.1118 530.2566 C193405594.3858 403181.1686 530.2429 C203405594.2838 403176.1727 530.1952 D13405600.8978 403271.0853 530.3128 D23405600.8224 403266.1132 530.3374 D33405600.7597
13、403261.1066 530.3650 D43405600.6839 403256.0763 530.3649 D53405600.6184 403251.0887 530.3667 D63405600.5427 403246.0574 530.3715 D73405600.4515 403241.1180 530.3765 D83405600.3873 403236.1083 530.3791 D93405600.3123 403231.0779 530.3531 D103405600.2104 403226.0686 530.3167 D113405600.1392 403221.036
14、7 530.3017 D123405600.0434 403216.0761 530.3126 D133405599.9623 403211.0440 530.3110 D143405599.8757 403206.0761 530.2992 D153405599.7922 403201.0743 530.2959 D163405599.7078 403196.0657 530.2969 D173405599.5951 403191.0678 530.2842 D183405599.4861 403186.0200 530.2533 D193405599.3772 403181.0825 53
15、0.2398 D203405599.2969 403176.0696 530.2277 D213405599.2216 403171.0878 530.1882 E13405605.8795 403271.0023 530.2574 E23405605.8132 403266.0465 530.3102 E33405605.7489 403261.0256 530.3320 E43405605.6706 403255.9892 530.3148 E53405605.5889 403251.0035 530.3362 E63405605.5252 403245.9771 530.3582 E73
16、405605.4388 403241.0361 530.3599 E83405605.3746 403236.0060 530.3611 E93405605.2853 403231.0002 530.3553 E103405605.1893 403225.9800 530.3419 E113405605.1052 403220.9518 530.3501 E123405605.0165 403215.9970 530.3365 E133405604.9223 403210.9678 530.3195 E143405604.8303 403206.0131 530.2914 E153405604
17、.7395 403201.0081 530.2911 E163405604.6333 403195.9961 530.2848 E173405604.5650 403190.9950 530.2783 E183405604.4759 403185.9195 530.2446 E193405604.3839 403181.0015 530.2558 E203405604.3001 403175.9850 530.2466 E213405604.2135 403171.0082 530.2348 F13405610.8857 403270.9175 530.2398 F23405610.8143
18、403265.9719 530.2614 F33405610.7437 403260.9433 530.2822 F43405610.6834 403255.8993 530.2870 F53405610.6052 403250.9124 530.2909 F63405610.5360 403245.9016 530.3068 F73405610.4569 403240.9518 530.3383 F83405610.3707 403235.9005 530.3505 F93405610.2911 403230.9019 530.3486 F103405610.1985 403225.9008
19、 530.3617 F113405610.1240 403220.8800 530.3643 F123405610.0278 403215.9142 530.3586 F133405609.9247 403210.8795 530.3352 F143405609.8297 403205.9244 530.3075 F153405609.7453 403200.9182 530.2863 F163405609.6493 403195.9159 530.3004 F173405609.5569 403190.9031 530.2826 F183405609.4655 403185.8441 530
20、.2387 F193405609.3794 403180.9125 530.2501 F203405609.2943 403175.8864 530.2374 F213405609.2120 403170.9258 530.2314 F223405609.1246 403165.9389 530.1691 G13405615.8850 403270.8385 530.1810 G23405615.8226 403265.9170 530.2421 G33405615.7501 403260.8572 530.2486 G43405615.6656 403255.8080 530.2556 G5
21、3405615.5913 403250.8229 530.2803 G63405615.5270 403245.8356 530.2897 G73405615.4579 403240.8712 530.3011 G83405615.3799 403235.8092 530.3159 G93405615.2860 403230.8196 530.3334 G103405615.1908 403225.8239 530.3388 G113405615.1241 403220.8187 530.3610 G123405615.0521 403215.8394 530.3625 G133405614.
22、9759 403210.7968 530.3386 G143405614.8707 403205.8597 530.3273 G153405614.7782 403200.8498 530.3099 G163405614.6842 403195.8374 530.2848 G173405614.5722 403190.8237 530.2900 G183405614.4650 403185.7565 530.2768 G193405614.3683 403180.8134 530.2587 G203405614.2794 403175.8075 530.2431 G213405614.1993
23、 403170.8461 530.2386 G223405614.1194 403165.8427 530.2276 H13405620.7230 403260.7807 530.1929 H23405620.6600 403255.7047 530.2147 H33405620.6085 403250.7361 530.2355 H43405620.5465 403245.7522 530.2362 H53405620.4484 403240.7782 530.2577 H63405620.3662 403235.7349 530.2749 H73405620.2916 403230.761
24、5 530.3119 H83405620.1836 403225.7560 530.3266 H93405620.0976 403220.7470 530.3531 H103405619.9872 403215.7567 530.3568 H113405619.8958 403210.7325 530.3451 H123405619.8018 403205.7730 530.3021 H133405619.7132 403200.7770 530.2991 H143405619.6160 403195.7639 530.2900 H153405619.5229 403190.7285 530.
25、2863 H163405619.4463 403185.6871 530.2759 H173405619.3568 403180.7283 530.2653 H183405619.2716 403175.7133 530.2755 H193405619.1998 403170.7442 530.2662 H203405619.1106 403165.7603 530.2459 I13405625.5513 403245.6826 530.1800 I23405625.4713 403240.6923 530.2035 I33405625.3917 403235.6941 530.2349 I4
26、3405625.2990 403230.6823 530.2806 I53405625.2032 403225.6847 530.3011 I63405625.1087 403220.6746 530.2941 I73405625.0162 403215.6878 530.2726 I83405624.9211 403210.6737 530.2677 I93405624.8386 403205.6986 530.2641 I103405624.7358 403200.7018 530.2737 I113405624.6454 403195.6962 530.2999 I123405624.5
27、558 403190.6544 530.2775 I133405624.4629 403185.6236 530.2706 I143405624.3663 403180.6308 530.2587 I153405624.2731 403175.6463 530.2622 I163405624.1897 403170.6687 530.2531 I173405624.0968 403165.6677 530.2366 I183405624.0125 403160.6688 530.1732 J13405630.3712 403235.6139 530.1590 J23405630.2850 40
28、3230.6092 530.2109 J33405630.1829 403225.6107 530.1957 J43405630.0995 403220.6134 530.2220 J53405630.0089 403215.6086 530.2009 J63405629.8969 403210.6062 530.1904 J73405629.8012 403205.6374 530.2449 J83405629.7057 403200.6219 530.2741 J93405629.6023 403195.6033 530.2906 J103405629.5539 403190.5689 5
29、30.3010 J113405629.4572 403185.5582 530.2671 J123405629.3618 403180.5668 530.2666 J133405629.2858 403175.5688 530.2648 J143405629.1932 403170.5776 530.2287 J153405629.1021 403165.5834 530.2385 J163405629.0180 403160.5851 530.2079 K13405635.0126 403215.5366 530.1715 K23405634.9184 403210.5478 530.147
30、5 K33405634.8333 403205.5365 530.1754 K43405634.7542 403200.5484 530.2686 K53405634.6463 403195.5243 530.2565 K63405634.5460 403190.4904 530.2494 K73405634.4411 403185.4879 530.2712 K83405634.3470 403180.4965 530.2659 K93405634.2552 403175.5040 530.2441 K103405634.1698 403170.5081 530.2510 K11340563
31、4.0975 403165.5151 530.2369 K123405634.0325 403160.5376 530.2343 L13405639.8179 403205.4682 530.1512 L23405639.7413 403200.4646 530.2044 L33405639.6464 403195.4270 530.2192 L43405639.5509 403190.3992 530.2272 L53405639.4427 403185.4037 530.2718 L63405639.3626 403180.4277 530.2382 L73405639.2836 4031
32、75.4234 530.2480 L83405639.1918 403170.4260 530.2701 L93405639.1014 403165.4418 530.2655 L103405639.0101 403160.4462 530.2336 L113405638.8954 403155.4522 530.2168 M13405644.5505 403190.3236 530.1675 M23405644.4643 403185.3481 530.1908 M33405644.3696 403180.3404 530.2225 M43405644.2918 403175.3491 53
33、0.2227 M53405644.1953 403170.3619 530.2166 M63405644.1024 403165.3690 530.2235 M73405643.9981 403160.3704 530.2138 M83405643.9176 403155.3528 530.2356 N13405649.2793 403175.2699 530.1808 N23405649.1947403170.2812530.2084 N33405649.1071403165.2823530.2025 N43405649.0079403160.2916530.1951 N53405648.9
34、080403155.2839530.2082 O13405654.0085 403160.2070 530.1499 O23405653.9093 403155.2304 530.1826 O33405653.8009 403150.2002 530.1996 GP113405659.3370 403146.3190 530.5442 GP123405636.2230 403215.7210 530.5049 GP133405617.5440 403273.8560 530.5308 GP143405586.2260 403272.4570 530.6850 GP153405585.8030 403218.8870 530.5799 GP163405584.7590 403176.9610 530.5390