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1、附录 汉英沉积学常用词汇（按汉语拼音顺序）A岸礁 coastal (shore) reef凹岸outer bank凹陷depressionsag拗拉谷/ 裂陷槽aulacogenB白垩chalk白云母muscovite白云石dolomite 白云岩dolostone/ dolomitite/ dolomite白云岩化作用dolomitization斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状交错层理 tabular cross bedding半深海hemipelagic半深海相 bathyal facies包
2、卷层理 convolute lamination 堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze鲍马序列Bouma sequence暴露构造exposed structure被动大陆边缘passive continental margin边滩(点沙坝) point bar辫状河河道braided channel辫状河流 braided river(stream）辫状河三角洲braid delta标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial oolith表生成岩作用epidi
3、agenesis表生作用epigenesis滨海相 littoral facies滨面shoreface滨外 offshore滨线shoreline冰雹痕(雹痕)hailstone imprint/hail print冰川 glacier冰川相glacial facies冰海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰海环境 glaciomarine environment冰湖 moraine lake/ice lake冰碛（沉积）物 till冰碛相 moraine facies冰碛岩 tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波峰wave crest波高wave
4、 height波谷wave hollow波痕 ripple/ripple mark波痕对称指数ripple symmetrical index(RSI)波痕指数ripple index(RI)波状层理 wave beddingwavy bedding剥离线理 parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不对称波痕 asymmetrical ripple不对称浪成波痕 asymmetrical wave ripple不整合unconformityC残积相 eluvial facies槽痕flute槽模flute casts槽状交错层理 trough cross beddi
5、ng侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology测井相electrofacies层bed层理构造 bedding structures层流laminar flow层面构造 bedding plane structures层系(单层)bed/set层系组(层组)bedset /coset/ formset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy 长石feldspar长石砂屑岩arkosic arenite长石砂岩arkosefeldspar sandstone长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长
6、石质岩屑砂岩feldspathic litharenite潮道tidal channel潮间带 intertidal zone潮控三角洲tidal-dominate delta潮坪tidal flat潮坪相 tidal flat facies潮上带supratidal zone潮上带supratidal zone/epilittoral zone潮汐层理 tidal bedding潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带 subtidal zone沉积地质学sedimentary geology沉积动力学sedimentary dynamics沉积分异作用sedimentary differen
7、tiation沉积构造 sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境sedimentary environment 沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积体系sedimentary system沉积体系域sedimentary system tract沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary facies 沉积旋回sedimentary cycle沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedim
8、entary petrology沉积作用sedimentation/deposition成分成熟度compositional maturity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇 alluvial fan冲积相 alluvial facies冲裂(急浪冲刷)avulsion冲流swash冲刷充填构造 scour and fill structure冲刷痕 scour mark冲刷回流带zone of swash and backwash冲洗交错层理 swash cross bedding冲溢(越)扇washover fan储层reserv
9、oir床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load垂向加积作用vertical accretion戳痕 prod mark次级水道secondary channel次生沉积构造 secondary sedimentary structure次生加大(增生)overgrowth次生孔隙secondary porosity粗砾cobbleD大潮spring tide大陆边缘 continental margin大陆环境continental environment大陆架 (棚) continental shelf大陆裂谷 continental rift大陆隆continental
10、rise大陆斜坡(陆坡)continental slope大型交错层理 large sale cross bedding大洋盆地 ocean basin单层bed单成分砾岩oligomictic conglomerate弹跳痕 bounce mark淡水湖泊 fresh-water lake岛 (弧)海 (沟) 体系arc-trench system岛弧island arc等深积岩contourite等深流 contour current低流态 lower regime低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低密度浊流 low-density turbidity低弯度河道low-s
11、inuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract堤岸bank堤礁 bank reef底负载河道bed load channel底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底流bottom current底面构造 sole structure底模sole cast底栖生物benthos地层strata地质记录 geological record递变(粒序)层理graded bedding典型浊积岩classic turbidite点礁 patch reef点沙坝 (边滩) point bar电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠层
12、石构造 stromatolitic structure叠瓦状构造imbricated structure叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement叠锥构造cone-in-cone structure碟状构造dish structure顶积层topsets定向（指向）构造direction structure/ oriented structure豆粒pisolite对称波痕symmetrical ripple多向水流 polymodal current对称浪成波痕(对称波浪波痕)symmetrical wave rippleE大潮spri鲕粒ooliteF反向粒序（递变）层理 rev
13、erse graded bedding泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原 flood plain方解石calcite非补偿 (饥饿) 沉积starved deposition非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid分流河道distributary channel分流河口沙坝distributary-mouth bar分流间湾interdistributary分选系数sorting coefficient分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite，siltstone风暴沉积 storm deposit (tempestite)风暴大潮storm surge 风暴岩 tem
14、pestite风成eolian风成波痕 wind ripple(aeolian ripple)风成交错层理wind dune cross bedding风成沙丘 wind dune(aeolian dune)风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生海流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度kurtosis缝合线 stylolites弗劳德数 Froudes Number浮游生物plankton俯冲带 subducted zone腐泥sapropel负载(负荷)构造 load structure负载囊 load pocket复成分砾岩polymictic
15、conglomerate复合层理 composite bedding复理石 flyschG改造波痕modified ripple钙结层caliche钙质结核calcareous nodules干酪根kerogen干裂(泥裂)mud cracks干涉波痕 interfering ripple干盐湖playa高潮线 high-tide line高岭石kaolinite高流态 upper regime高密度流 high-density current高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract工具痕 tool mark沟槽充填交错层
16、理 channel-fill cross bedding沟模groove casts孤立波痕 isolated ripple孤立台地 isolated platform古地理图 paleogeographic map古地理学 paleogeography古海洋学 paleo-oceanography古流向标志 paleocurrent indicator古流向分析 paleocurrent analysis古气候 paleoclimate古气候学 paleoclimatology古生态学paleoecology古生物学paleontology古水流paleocurrent古土壤paleosol
17、s骨(格)架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis广盐度生物 euryhaline organism硅化作用silicification硅土二氧化硅silica硅藻diatom硅质结核 siliceous nodule硅质软泥 siliceous ooze硅质碎屑siliciclastic硅质岩 siliceous rock过渡环境 transitional environmentH海 (湖) 泛面flooding surface海 (湖) 滩beach海岸coast海岸带coastal zone海岸环境 coastal envir
18、onment海岸平原 coastal plain海岸沙丘 coastal dune海岸线 coast-line海底扇 submarine fan海底峡谷 submarine canyon海沟trench海进 (侵) 体系域transgressive systems tract海浪seawave海绿石glauconite 海平面 sea level海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降 eustasy海侵 marine(sea) transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海滩 beachsea bankmarine beach海滩脊ridge
19、of a beach海退 marine(sea) regression海相 marine facies海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean海洋环境 marine environment海洋学 oceanography旱谷arroyowadi河床 (道) channelstream channel河床 river bedstream bed河床滞留沉积 channel-log depositchannel floor lag河道充填沉积 channel-fill deposit河谷 river valley河控三角洲 fluvial-dominated delta河口湾channel
20、-mouth bar/ distributary mouth bar 河口湾estuary河口湾相 estuarine facies河流 river stream河流沉积 fluvial deposit河流相 fluvial facies河漫overbank河漫滩 alluvial flatconcave flood plain褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale河漫沼泽backsawmp核形石oncolite黑云母biotite洪积相pluvial facies洪水 flood后滨backshore后成 (生) 作用katagenesisanadiage-nesis后生结核
21、catagenetic nodule弧背盆地retro arc basin弧后盆地back arc basin弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖泊 lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊三角洲 lake delta湖泊相 lacustrine facies湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑 (动) 痕slide mark滑塌构造 slump structure滑塌岩slumps化学搬运 chemical transport化学沉积 chemical deposit化学成因构造 ch
22、emical structure化学风化 chemical weathering缓坡台地 ramp platform黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥(泥晶，微晶) micrite 灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflowbackwash汇聚型板块边界 convergent plate boundary混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物melange混载河流mixed-load channel活动大陆边缘 active continental margin火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic br
23、eccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic (volcanoclastic) rock火焰状构造 flame structureJ机械搬运 mechanical transportation机械沉积 mechanical deposition机械风化 mechanical weathering鸡笼状构造chicken wire structure吉尔伯特型三角洲 Gilbert-type delta急流 rapid flow集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate季候泥 oarve季节河 seasonal river加积accretionaggradation假结核 pseudon
24、odule假晶 crystal pseudomoph假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing简单层理 simple bedding建设性三角洲 constructive delta交错层理cross beddingcross stratifica-tion交错微层构造crossed-lamellar structure交错纹层cross lamina胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane胶体溶液 colloid solution礁reef礁核 reef core礁后 back reef礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相fo
25、rereef facies礁后相backreef facies礁前 reef front礁相reef facies礁翼 reef flank角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias结核 concretion/ nodule结晶构造 crystallization structure结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate rock介壳滩 shelly bank界面bounding surfaces近 (临) 滨nearshore近岸流 near shore current 近滨带 nearshore进(前)积作用progradation进潮口tid
26、al inlet进食构造feeding structures晶面crystal face晶体crystal晶体印痕 crystal imprint净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure局限台地 restricted platform巨砾boulder决口扇 flood-plain splay (crevassecrevasse splay)均匀层理(块状层理)homogeneous bedding (massive bedding)均匀悬浮uniform suspensionK开阔海 open sea开阔台地 open platform
27、颗粒grainparticle颗粒流 grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle-supportedgrain supported颗粒质泥岩wackstone可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton克拉通盆地craton basin孔隙 (度) poreporosity块状层理massive bedding块体流 mass flow块状砂岩massive sandstoneL浪成波痕 wave ripplewave-generated ripple浪成交错层理 wave cross bedding浪成沙纹层理wave-ripple bedd
28、ing浪基面(波基面) wave base浪控三角洲 wave-controlled deltawave-dominated delta雷诺数 Reynolds Number离岸 (裂) 流rip current砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度参数 grain size parameter粒度概率图grain-size probability plot粒度中值mean diameter of grain (Md)粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩颗粒灰岩grainston
29、e粒序(递变)层理graded bedding链形波痕 catenary ripple亮晶spar亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite裂隙 (缝) fracture流痕rill impression (mark)流体化作用fiuidization裂陷槽/拗拉谷 aulacogen临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿side rite菱形波痕 rhomboid ripple流动构造 current structure流动体制流态flow regimes流痕(槽痕、冲流痕) flute mark硫酸盐sulphate漏
30、斗形funnel shape陆表海epeiric seaepicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract陆间裂谷 intercontinental rift陆隆(陆基陆麓) continental rise陆棚 continental shelf陆棚相 shelf facies陆相 continental faciesterrestrial facies陆缘海marginal sea陆源沉积物 terrigenous sediment陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks绿泥石 chlorite卵石质砂岩pebbly
31、sandstone水流波痕 current rippleM脉状层理 flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫滩沉积 overbank deposit煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质结核 manganese nodule锰质岩manganese rock米兰科维奇韵律 Milankovitch rhythms觅食迹 browsing trace密度底流density underflow密度流density current磨拉石 molasse磨圆度（圆度）roundness母岩source rockparent rock母岩区provenancesource are
32、aN内陆盆地 inland basin内陆棚 inner shelf内碎屑intraclast内源沉积 interbasinal deposit能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥火山 mud volcano mud cone泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩 (泥质颗粒岩) packstone泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥炭沼泽peat moor/ peat swamp泥石流debris flow泥石流沉积 debris flow deposit泥岩mud stone泥页岩argillutite泥质岩mudrock泥质支撑
33、的mud supported逆行沙波（丘）regressive sand waveantidune逆行沙丘交错层理antidune cross bedding年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit鸟眼构造 birdeye structurebirds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖 oxbow lakeP爬迹 crawling trace (tail)爬升波痕层理(攀升波痕层理)climb ripple (
34、cross) laminationclimbing ripple bedding爬行crawling拍岸浪surf泡沫痕 bubble impressionfoam impression喷出构造 ejected structure盆地 basin盆内岩石intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash sheet flow偏度skewness(SK)漂砾erratic平顶波痕 flat topped ripple mark平均海平面 mean sea level(MSL)平底(平坦床沙) plane bed (flat bed)平均粒径mean
35、 grain size(MZ)平均值mean平行层理 parallel bedding平直河直形河straight channel坡积带 deluvial zone坡积相 deluvial facies破坏性三角洲 destructive delta破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones葡萄状构造 cluster structure蹼状构造 spreitenQ气候带climate belts气泡沙构造 bubble sand structure迁移型爬升波痕层理climb ripple lamination in-drift牵引(作用) traction牵
36、引流 tractive current前滨 foreshore前积层foresets前陆盆地 foreland basin前三角洲 prodelta潜穴 burrow 浅海沉积 neriticdeposit (shallow marine deposit)浅海陆棚 neritic shelf浅海区neritic province浅海相 neritic facies shallow marine facies浅湖区 shallow lake area浅滩shoal丘状交错层理hmmnocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet球枕状构造ball and pillo
37、w structure球状粒peloid曲颈截直neck cutoff曲流meander曲流河(蛇曲河)meandering river曲流河(蛇曲河)沉积meandering river deposit渠模gutter cast全球性海平面变化eustatic change of sea level缺氧事件anoxic event群体（复体）生物colonyorganismsR扰动层理disturbed bedding扰动构造disturbed structure溶解载荷solutional load软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zoneS萨勃哈盐沼sabkha三角洲 delta 三
38、角洲平原 delta plain三角洲前缘 delta front三角洲相 delta facies沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙火山 sand volcano沙火山sand volcano沙流sand flow沙漠 desert沙漠相 desert facies 沙丘 sand dunedune沙体sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂岩岩床 sand sill砂岩岩墙(砂岩岩脉)sand dike砂枕构造pillow structure筛积sieve deposition
39、山麓冲积平原bajada珊瑚coral扇砾岩fan glomerate扇三角洲fan delta舌形波痕 lingoid ripple深海 abysspelagicdeep sea深海（深湖）abyss深海沉积abyssal depositdeep-sea deposit深海平原 abyssal plaindeep-sea plain深海软泥abyssal oozedeep-sea ooze深海扇abyssal fan deep-sea fan深海相abyssal facies deep-sea facies深湖区 deep lake area深湖相 deep lake facies深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin