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1、Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city park.,Section A Grammar Focus,Grammar Focus,动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。,(一)动词不定式,一. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, want, remember,
2、agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。例： I want to tell you a story. They begin to work at eight every morning. Dont forget to lock the door. Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?,二. 作宾语补足语。例如： The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morni
3、ng. The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. Please let me help you. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。,但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式
4、： 1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to do sth. 例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. Her parents wish her to be a teacher.,2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语： Let / make / have + sb. +do sth. Let the boy g
5、o out now. The boy made the baby cry. see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 3.可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do housework.,否定形式： （1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.
6、 例：Tell them not to play football in the street. （2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例： Let the boy not go.,三. 作状语: （1）作目的状语。如：He stopped to have a rest. 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如： The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. （2）作结果状语。如： He woke up only to find every
7、body gone. His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. He is old enough to go to school.,（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如:Im proud to have taken part in the competitions. e.g. Im happy to have found many things I can do.,(二)动词短语,一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达 一种特定的含义,称为动词短语。 二、分类 1.动词+介词 2.动词+副词 3.其它类动词词组
8、,1. 动词+介词 look at 看 look like 看上去像 look after 照料 listen to 听 welcome to 欢迎到 say hello to 向问好 speak to 对说 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但 宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 e.g. He is looking after his sister. She always takes care of these children.,2. 动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A动词（vt.）+副词 put on 穿上 take off 脱下 write down
9、 记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词 前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词 的前面。 e.g. He took off his coat.,B动词（vi）+副词 come on 赶快 get up 起床 go home 回家 come in 进来 sit down 坐下 stand up 起立 此类短语属于不及物动词, 不可以带宾语。 e.g. Come on! The bus is coming!,close the door look the same go to work/class be ill have a look/seat have supper look yo
10、ung go shopping watch TV/games play games,3、其它类动词词组,1.由put引导的短语 put away put on put up put off put into put down put out,常用短语及用法,把放好 穿上，把放在上 举起，表现出，张贴 推迟，拖延 把放入，把翻译成 记下，放下 放出，伸出,2. 由give引导的短语 give up give in give out give away give back give off,放弃 屈服，让步 分发，散发；用尽，耗尽 捐赠，赠送；分发 归还，恢复 发出，放出,3.由call 引导的短
11、语 call on call up call in call at call for,访问（某人）；号召；要求 打电话给；使人想起 找来，请来 访问(某处)；(车，船等)停靠(某处) 需要，要求,.由take 引导的短语 take back take after take away take down take up take over take off,拿回；使疑惑 像 拿走，减去 写下，记下；拆卸 占据空间 接过；接管 脱下；飞机起飞,5. 由look 引导的短语 look after look for look at look into look through look out loo
12、k out of look up look like,照顾，照料 寻找，找 看 调查；向里看 浏览，快速地看 小心 向外看 查找，查询；向上看 看起来像,6.由show引导的短语 show up show off show around,出现，露面 炫耀，卖弄 带参观,7.由turn引导的短语 turn up turn on turn off turn down turn to turn over turn in turn out,把(音量)开大；出现，到达 打开 关掉(煤气、水、电等) 把(音量)关小；拒绝 向求助；转向 翻转，翻身 归还，就寝 结果是，证明是；生产,1. I want to
13、_ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. Im too busy with my studies this year. 2. She hopes to_ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.,4a Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.,put up hand out call up cheer up come
14、up with give out put off,put off,call up,3. Our class is trying to_ some ideas to_ sick children because they are often sad. 4. We decided to _signs around the school and_ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will_ the money from the sale to homeless people.,come up with,cheer up,put up,
15、hand out,give out,4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.,help move do make visit spend,Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do_ oth
16、ers. There are many people,to do,to help,to make,who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _ our free time. For example, we can make plans_ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few mo
17、nths to a year _ to another place，like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there,to spend,to visit,to move,4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.,1. Id like to volunteer_. 2. At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend_ _. 3. Im very busy but I could help_ _ 4. Summer vaca
18、tion is coming, and I want_ _ 5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) _.,Pair work,Choose the best answer.,( )1. Would you please drive faster? My flight is _. A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off ( )2. -How is the play going ? -We are going to _ tomorrow. A. put on
19、 it B. put it off C. put it on D. put off it ( )3. We have to _ our things if we travel on a train or a bus. A. look at B. look up C. look like D. look after,A,B,D,( ) 4. If you _ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with ( ) 5.
20、Please _ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses. A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together ( ) 6. -_ ! Theres a car coming! - Oh. Thanks. A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look out,D,A,D,( ) 7. Its very cold today. Youd better put _ your coat when you go out. A. away B. down C. on D
21、. up ( ) 8. Lucy, could you please help me _ the map on the blackboard? A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on ( ) 9. “Get a ladder, please. I cant _ .” Jim said in a tall tree. A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over,C,B,C,( ) 10. I cant see the words clearly. Can I _ the light? A. t
22、urn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off ( ) 11. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _ his heavy coat and sat down. A. took away B. took down C. took off D. took up ( ) 12. Would you mind _ my pet dog while Im away? A. setting up B. looking after C. turning down D. keeping out,A,C,B,( )
23、 13. -Mum, Im offered 8,000 Yuan a month of the job. -Really? It just sounds _to be true. A. so well B. too good C. good enough D. too well ( ) 14. When he _ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room. A. got up B. got back C. got off D. got on ( ) 15. Father is sleeping. Youd better _ quiet. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept,B,B,B,Homework,Revise the structures learned in this section and try to make dialogues with them.,Thank You!,