改革后四级考试专讲.ppt

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1、大学英语四级考试 应试技巧专讲,By James (温宏社) 副教授 QQ: 1405624040,Contents,I. 考试流程及注意事项 II.考试题型 III.四种考试题型的应对 （I） 写作题应试技巧 （II）听力题应试技巧 （III）阅读题应试技巧 （IV）翻译题应试技巧,I. 考试流程及注意事项,考试流程,8:40 - 考生入场 （准考证、身份证、学生证 ） 8：50-9：00 试音时间 9:00 下发考试材料 9:10- 9:40 作文 9:40-10:10 听力 10:10-10:15 收答题卡一 10:15-11:25 阅读理解和翻译部分 11:25 考试结束：收试题册，答

2、题卡二,8:40 - 考生入场 1、出示准考证、身份证、学生证。 2、手机严禁带入考场。 3、入座后，请调试耳机、试听。 其他说明 1、证件不齐者，严禁入场，不能参加考试。 2、核对好听力频率，开考后不再试听。 9:00下发考试材料 1、检查试题册、条形码、答题卡的印刷质量。 2、阅读试题册正面“敬告考生”内容。 3、粘贴条形码、填写个人信息。 提示信息 1、非听力考试期间不得佩戴耳机且不得提前翻阅试题册，否则按违规处理。 2、作文题目在试题册背面，使用黑色签字笔在答题卡1上作答。 3、作文题考试时间为30分钟，之后将立即进行听力考试。,9:10- 9:40 作文 （ 9:35 会有提示听力）

3、 9:40-10:10 听力 1、打开试题册，带上耳机 2、进行听力考试 提示信息 请考生掌握好答题卡1的填涂时间，听力 录音播放完毕后，将立即回收答题卡1 10:10听力考试结束 停止作答、摘下耳机 回收答题卡1 考试暂停5分钟 10:15-11:25 阅读理解和翻译部分 （11:15会有口头提示） 11:25考试结束 考生停止作答,1.全国大学英语四、六级考试为“多题多卷”模式. 2.请考生在正式开始作答前，按要求正确填写（涂）答题卡1和答题卡2上的准考证号、姓名等信息后，还应将试题册背面的条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴至答题卡1左上角的条形码粘贴框内，并正确填写试题册背面的准考证号和姓名。 3.

4、考试正式开始后考生方可开始作答，所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，且应在规定时间内依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译部分试题，作文题内容印在试题册背面，作答作文期间考生不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，考生应停止作答，监考员将回收答题卡1，考生得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。,将试题册背面的条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴至答题卡1左上角的条形码粘贴框内,正确填写试题册背面的准考证号和姓名,II.四级考试题型,四个部分组成(按满分100)： 写作： 15% 听力理解： 35% 阅读理解： 35% 翻译：15% 四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：,III.四种考试题型的应对,

5、（I） 写作题应试技巧 （II）听力题应试技巧 （III）阅读题应试技巧 （IV）翻译题应试技巧,（I）写作题应试技巧,I. 四级考试写作题的要求及命题特点 II.写作题材模板及写作方法 III. 应试技巧,I. 四级考试写作题的要求及命题特点,1.写作题题目要求 2.写作部分考核的技能 3.写作题的评分标准 4. 命题特点和趋势,1. 写作题题目要求,写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示（如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等）写出一篇短文，四级120-180词。,2.写作部分考核的技能,A.思想

6、表达 1）.表达中心思想 2）.表达重要或特定信息 3）.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4）.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点 5）.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇,C.语言运用 6）.运用恰当的词汇 7）.运用正确的语法 8）.运用合适的句子结构 9）.使用正确的标点符号 10）.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等) D.写作格式 11）.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式,3.写作题的评分标准,本题满分为15分. 共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。 2-4分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错

7、误。 5-7分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8-10分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当，多其中有一些是严重错误。 11-13分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14-15分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误,1.题材：考试内容多以学生熟悉的日常学习生活和应该关心的社会生活、社会热点为主。 2.体裁：多以议论文和说明文为主。 3.命题形式：以文字提纲为主，图表提纲为辅。 4.写作类型： （1） 对比论述型 （2 ）图表分析型 （3 ）观点论证型 （4 ）对策方法型 （5 ）现

8、象分析型(包括: 问题分析型) （6 ）叙事型 （7 ） 应用文型,4. 命题特点和趋势,II.写作题材模板及写作技巧 1. 英语文章结果特点及其构建 2. 对比论述型 3.图表分析 4.观点论证型 5.文章开头与结尾的写作方法,1.英语文章的结构特点,英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。 简而言之，英语文章共有三大特点： 1、 观点鲜明的开头； 2、 紧扣主题的结尾； 3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。,文章总体构建,2. 对比论述型,这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通过论述相反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，

9、然后给出自己的见解和看法，是四级考试写作中最常见的作文形式。 例如： Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? (2005. 12) 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2. 校园是否应对游客开放， 人们看法不同 3. 我认为。 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是。 2. 也有人持不用的意见。 3. 我的看法和打算,对比分析类作文主要有两种： 1) 是需要考生对比阐述两种观点或做法及各自的理由，然后表明自己的观点或做法并说明理由； 2) 是需要考生对比

10、阐述某事物的利和弊、好处和坏处或优点和缺点，继而表明自己的看法或态度。,利弊题型模板,Model 1: Nowadays many people prefer to (_) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. On one hand, (_).One the other hand,(_). But every sword has two blades/Every coin has two sides. T

11、he negative aspects are also apparent. One of the prominent disadvantages is that (_).To make matters worse,(_). Through the above analysis, I believe that The positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects/the advantages far outweigh its disavantages, because (_).,Model 2: There is no consensus

12、 among people as to the view of whether (_). The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (_).A case in point is that (_). On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them, (_).The most typical example is that (_). Weighing the pros and cons of t

13、hese arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly， the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but it is more convincing that (_).,对比类范文,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of The Internet. You should writ

14、e at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率 2. 有人认为网络让青少年沉迷，影响学习 3. 我的看法,对比论述型作文,真题实战 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words, and base your

15、composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. （2000. 6） 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2. 也有人持不同的意见， 3. 我的看法和打算,辩论式议论文模版,Model 1: Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that (观点1). But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that (观点2). As for me, I agree to (the former / latt

16、er idea). There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, (论据1). More importantly, (论据2). Most important of all, (论据3). In summary, (总结观点). As a college student, I am supposed to (表决心).或:From above, we can predict that (预测).,Model 2: People hold different views about (X). Some people ar

17、e for the opinion that (观点1), while others point out that (观点2). As far as I am concerned, (the former / latter opinion) holds more weight. For one thing, (论据1). For another, (论据2). Last but not the least, (论据3). To conclude, (总结观点). As a college student, I am supposed to (表决心).或 From above, we can

18、predict that (预测).,Model 3: There is no consensus among people on opinions about X(争论的焦点). Some people are for the view that (观点1)，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that (观点2). As far as I am concerned, (the former / latter notion) is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obv

19、ious. First of all, (论据1). Furthermore, (论据2). Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, (论据3). A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that(总结观点). As a college student, I am supposed to (表决心). 或 From above, we can predict that (预测).,3. 图表分析型 图表作文的命题形式是根据图画或者图表，

20、要求考生用简洁、生动的语言把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。然后进行分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。 图表作文是一种信息的转换。也就是说，写图表作文时，首先要以题目中的要求为指导，审慎读图，准确把握图表传达的信息，将其扩展成文。图表作文往往是以说明为主，图表中的数据是为了说明某个问题而提供的，只要问题能阐释清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有数据都在文章中引用出来。考生要切忌毫无目的地引用图表中的数据,引用数据过多的同学往往得分很低.,图表作文的段落设计,1). 开头段-说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述； 2). 中间段-对数据进行仔细地分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找

21、出产生变化的原因； 3). 结尾段-写出看完图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。,Model 1,The chart shows that (_). It is self-evident that (_). The following reasons account for this phenomenon. To begin with, (_). In addition, (_). Last but not least, (_). In my view, (_). On the one hand, (_). On the other hand ,(_). In conclusion, (_).

22、,Model 2,From the chart, we can clearly see that (_). It is obvious that (_).Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon. One reason is that(_). Another reason is that(_). As a result,(_). However, I think (_). For one thing,(_). For another,(_). To sum up,(_).,Practice: 图表分析型,上图所示为1990年、19

23、95年、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 请说明发生这些变化的原因 （可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）； 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,图表分析型 范文欣赏,(1)The chart shows that students are now spending much more time on the computer, from one hour to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. (2) It is self-evident that it increases sharply to twe

24、nty hours in the year of 2000. (3) Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon.,(4) One reason is that most college students now can afford a personal computer due to the sharp decline in its price. (5) Another reason is that they find the computer a wonderful thing to have fun with. (6) Fo

25、r instance, they can chat through QQ or playing games online. (7) Whats more, from Internet, they can learn things much more quickly than simply from reading books so that they can secure a good job in the future. (8) As a result, all these lead to much more time spent on using computers.,(9) Howeve

26、r, in my opinion, there are some complaints from both teachers and students. (10) For one thing, students complain about the less availability of computers and slow speed of the network. (11) For another, some teachers worry that the much more time spent playing computer games or surfing online will

27、 lead students to ignore their studies and even do cheating instead of doing research by their own. (12) To sum up, in spite of problems concerning the use of computer, computer is still of more merits than defects.,4. 观点论证型,证观点类作文一般需要考生按照要求提出论点，通过举例等方式论证观点，最后再对论点进行总结。 第一段：提出论点 第二段：举例论证 第三段：总结观点,Mod

28、el 1,The saying (“_”) has been widely accepted for many years. It tells us that (_). The truth of it is self-evident. Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. A case in point (_). For another example, (_). Therefore,(_). Judging from the evidence offered, we may come to the conclusion t

29、hat (_). In summary, (_).,Model 2,As the proverb goes, (“_”). It reminds us that (_). The truth of it is deep and profound. There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in point (_). For another example, (_). As a result,(_). All the above-mentioned explanations tell us that(_). In a

30、 word, (_).,范文,例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 为什么说“欲速则不达”？ 2. 试举例说明。,Haste Makes Waste The Proverb “Ha

31、ste makes waste” has been widely accepted for many years. It reminds us that if we are to achieve our final goal we have to do it in a down-to-earth(现实的) way. The truth of it is deep and profound. There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in point is the ancient Chinese story of “

32、Helping the shoots grow by pulling”. This story proved that the haste caused not only waste but great loss. For another example, some parents and teachers, in order to improve childrens academic performance in a short time, tend to put too heavy burden on children. This, as a result, brings the chil

33、dren nothing but great pressure. All the above-mentioned explanations tell us that we shouldnt be over anxious for quick results. Everything has its own developing law. Therefore, whatever we do, we should not pay too much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.,5. 文章开头与结尾的写作方法,写作之文章开头,1-1 对立法

34、 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题. 1-2 现象法- 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法 1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! 1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. 1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. 1-7 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.,对立法,1. When asked abou

35、t， the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that But I think/view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to ， some people believe that Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements ， but （I tend to the former/ latter ） 3. Now， it is

36、 commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that They claim/believe/argue that But I wonder/doubt whether.,现象法,1. Recently the rise in problem of/（phenomenon of） has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of has been bro

37、ught into focus. （ has been brought to public attention） 3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.,观点法,1. Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of been more visible/popular than 2. Now people in growing/signif

38、icant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/（be aware） that 3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of . 4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that,引用法,1. “Knowledge is pow

39、er.“ such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . “Education is not complete with graduation.“ Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 2.“ how often we hear such statements/ words like these.,比较法,1. F

40、or years， had been viewed as But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ， people . 2. People used to think that （In the past， ） But people now share this new .,故事法,1. Once in （a newspaper） ， I read of/learnt The phenomenon of has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who Should he

41、 ？ Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time ， there lived a man who This story may be（unbelievable） ， but it still has a realistic significance now.,问题法,Should/What ？ Options of vary greatly ， some ， others But in my opinion ， ,文章主体有用句型总结,Firstly,Secondly,Th

42、irdly, For one thing,For another,Finally, In the first place,In the second place, Finally, On one hand,On the other hand, First of all,In addition,Consequently, To begin with, Whats more, Last but not the least,写作之文章结尾,2-1 结论型- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 2-2 后果型- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. 2-3 号召型-呼吁读

43、者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. 2-4 建议型- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. 2-5 方向型的结尾方式 - 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. 2-6 意义型的结尾方式 -文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!,结论型,1. From what has been discussed above， we may safely draw the conclusion that 2. In summary/In a word ， it is more valuable ,后果型,1.

44、 We must call for an immediate method ， because the current phenomenon of ， if allowed to proceed， will surely lead to the heavy cost of 2. Obviously ， if we ignore/are blind to the problem ， there is every chance that will be put in danger .,号召型,1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the u

45、ndesirable tendency of 2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency .,建议型,1. While it cannot be solved immediately， still there are ways. The most popular is Another method is Still another one is 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward

46、the situation.,方向型,1. Many solutions are being offered here ， all of them make some sense， but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 2. There is no quick method to the issue of ， but might be helpful/beneficial. 3. The great challenge today is There is much diffic

47、ulty ，but ,意义型,1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success， but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit 2. In any case， whether it is positive or negative， one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ,III. 应试技巧,1. 审题要快，确定写作主题，打草稿/腹稿 2. 文章至

48、少3段，主题句尽量在第一段。 3. 文章的开头力求精彩，结尾要完整。 4.写作时，要从切题、结构和语言三方面检查自己的文章是否达到大纲的要求。 5.篇幅应以题目要求的数量为准，不要太少，更不要太多。书写要工整，立意要新颖，论理要充分，过渡要流畅。 6.写作时间把握，9:35开始准备听力。,（II）听力应试技巧,1. 听力考试题型 2. 考试听力策略 3. 短对话题型听力技巧 4.长对话题型听力技巧 5. 短文听力技巧 6. 复式听写听力技巧,1.听力理解题型,语音：标准的英式或美式英语 语速： 130 wpm 分值： 35% 对话：15% 短文：20% 停顿时间：13-15 s 朗读次数： Section A B 1遍，Section C 3遍 考试时间 30 内容： 共3部分,Section A: 8个短对话 8小题 8% 2个长对话 7小题 7% Section B: