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1、Grammar,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。,过去分词,过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表进行, 主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。,attention,过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。 过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因, 让步, 结果, 方式, 条件等。,过去分词作时间状语,When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into wate
2、r.,相当于时间状语从句，有时为了突出时间，可在分词前加when或while。,过去分词作原因状语,Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,相当于表示原因的状语从句。,过去分词作条件或者假设状语,If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the
3、cabbages could have grown better.,前面可带if，unless等从属连词，相当于条件状语从句。,作方式或伴随情况状语,The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.,没有相当的状语从句可以代替。,2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一
4、种迷失心理状态,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _, I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _, hell make a first-class tennis player. 3) As I was confused by the
5、 new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surroundings,4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,Following the old man, we w
6、ent upstairs. (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了) 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了),Compare,（伴随）,（伴随）,3. 从上面看, 体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Se
7、en,5._for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 6._ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 7._ at her, he jumped with joy. 8._ at by her, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,Revision:,He is very tired. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. Whe
8、n he woke up, he found his hands tied behind. Given more help, the trees could have grown better.,(表语),(定语),(宾语补足语),(状语),1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing,考点点拨,2. Whats the language _ in German
9、y? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D.
10、opened,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,另外, 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时, 需要独立主格结构或 with复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behi
11、nd his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析: 很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说, 只能是被动承受。因此, 该题应选D。,6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being asked,1. I l
12、ike reading the novels _ (write) by Zhang Ailing. 2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin. 3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white. 5. There was a _ (
13、surprise) look on his face. 6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。 1. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (全国 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. B
14、eginning D. begun,D,高考链接,2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海 2002) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (2002 北京春) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buy
15、ing,C,B,4. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 全国卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 5. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (湖北 2004) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compa
16、red,B,D,6. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (福建 2005) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 7. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (四川 2006) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face,D,A,8. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farm
17、ers have built more green houses. (浙江 2007) A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 9. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. (四川 2007) A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water,A,A,10. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陕西 2008) Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show,C,