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1、Positive Psychology: The Science of Humor,Shawn Achor Harvard University Spring 2008,Working Definition,Humor is a way of mindfully perceiving the world, analogous to optimism, where an individual heightens awareness of potentials in a situation.,Outline,I. Psychology of humor II. Mental and Physica
2、l Benefits III. Positive Social Benefits IIII. Pragmatic steps IIIII. The greatest power of humor,What just happened?,“rhythmic, vocalized, expiratory and involuntary actions“ 15 facial muscles contract Zygomatic major muscle raises lip Epiglottis half-closes the larynx Blood pressure lowered Increa
3、se in vascular blood flow Flexed abdominal, respiratory, facial, leg, and back muscles.,How We Study Changes Us,97 to 3 ratio of negative to humor research “Depression” 125,089 articles “Humor” 4,943 “Steven Colbert” (no results found) Medical School Syndrome,Why talk about humor?,Definitional probl
4、ems Dead Frog Problem Genetics vs. Environment,The Psychology of Funny,Freud: Humor as “psychological release” Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconscious “Social acceptable envelope of id desires”,Henri Bergson,Humor as social “corrective” The Dale Sturtevant Theory,Dale Sturtevant,Achor: Humor
5、 as mindful lens,Social rule breaking Humor = shift in evaluative stance Counterfactuals Positive spin: Alpha vs Beta Press Alpha press- objective constraints of reality Beta press subjective construal of reality Mindfulness of potentialities,The Tetris Effect,Humor as cognitive afterimage (Achor, 2
6、007),Humor as transformative lens,Transcending the status quo (Berger) Relationship to Peak Experiences (Maslow) Momentarily take on self-actualization Ordinary becomes extraordinary (the Office),Ordinary Transformed,Part III: The Physical and Mental Benefits of Humor,Sympathetic Nervous System,The
7、Soprano Effect (Achor, 2006),The Biology of Laughter,Laughter as medicine and exercise Increases in T-cells (immune system) Gamma-interferon (disease fighting protein) B-cells (makes antibodies) Laughter decreases serum cortisol (Sultanoff),The Mental and Physical Benefits,Even small dose increases
8、immune system Bronchial asthma (Kamata) Humor increases pain tolerance Ice bucket experiment (Zweyer) Lowers blood sugar for Type 2 Diabetes (Hayashi) Decreases stress/ increases remission rates Testicular Cancer (Chapple and Zieland),Model students?,Average # of romantic relationships 1 Average num
9、ber of sexual partners 0-.5 24% are unaware if they are currently in a romantic relationship,Positive Social Effects:,Mirror Neurons and Condoms Attraction and bondage (Fraley) Dating: Desirability in mates Signal of cognitive fitness Differences between men and women (Bressler) Flirting at a bar Ne
10、gotiations and Marriage Gottman,Humor as Therapy,Humor and Journaling (Pennebaker) Cuddle parties, laughing groups in India Transforming trauma and bad days,6 Ways to Increase Humor,1. Journal funny stories unique to you 2. Watch funny people 3. TQPTwo question process A. Why am I so funny? B. And w
11、hy dont others recognize this? Builds self-esteem 4. The permission to be subhuman 5. Variety, breaking pattern 6. Tetris Effect,The greatest power of humor,Jon Stewart post 9/11 The suffering Onion,Jon Stewart,Slow Transformation,Conclusion,Humor is a lens like optimism Demands a mindfulness to potentialities Increased health, increased sociability, and decreased stress Humor as therapeutic reorientation,Shining with Humor Lens,