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1、第四章 英美小说汉译,第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节,第一节 英国小说汉译（1）,41-45,Original 41,It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so wel
2、l fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. ,Original 41 (continued),Mr Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had b
3、een insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its s
4、olace was visiting and news. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice),1 Analysis of the original:,A) Grammatical analysis B) Stylistic analysis,A) Grammatical analysis:,(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication (3) Notes,(1) Sentence structure:,The present selection consists of three paragraphs,
5、selected from the beginning and the end of the first chapter of the novel. Of the three, the first paragraph is composed of a single complex sentence, consisting of a main clause and a subject clause; the second paragraph is again composed of a single complex sentence, consisting of an adverbial cla
6、use of concession and a main clause followed by an adverbial clause of consequence; and the third paragraph is composed of five sentences, of which the first is a complex sentence, consisting of a main clause and a adverbial clause of consequence; the second and the third are simple sentences; the f
7、ourth is again a complex sentence, consisting of an adverbial clause of time and a main clause; and the last is a compound sentence, composed of two coordinate clauses.,(2) Additional complication：,The first paragraph is an emphatic sentence, where it serves as the formal subject while the nominal c
8、lause introduced by that serves as the real subject; the sentence in the second paragraph begins with an adverbial clause; and in the last paragraph, the fourth sentence begins with an adverbial clause,(3) Notes：,Of however little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first enterin
9、g a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters, the backbone structure is however little known the feelings or views , this truth is so well fixed that .,B) Stylistic anal
10、ysis:,(1) Overall stylistic features (2) Periodicity (3) Structural complication (4) Parallel structure (5) Cohesive device (6) Structural and lexical formality,(1) Overall stylistic features:,In the first paragraph, the first part of the sentence is composed of formal words such as truth, universal
11、, acknowledged, etc. to give the impression that the paragraph under discussion must be concerned with a matter of magnitude and great significance. However, in the last part of the sentence, especially in must be in want of a wife, not only words of daily use are employed but also the they words re
12、veal that it is actually concerned with a trivial of marrying ones daughters out, hence the ironic tone.,Overall stylistic features (continued):,The expression some one or other of their daughters is ironic in that it discloses Mrs Bennets idea that no matter which of the five daughters is married o
13、ut, in so far as it is her daughter, it will be a matter of greatest happiness. The expression also indicates that of the five daughters, she gives almost no preference to any. However, as revealed in the chapters to come, Mr Bennet always gives preference to Elizabeth, second daughter of the five.,
14、Overall stylistic features (continued):,In the last paragraph of the first chapter, a contrast is presented between personalities of Mr and Mrs Bennet in that in describing Mr Bennets personality, parallel structure is turned to and the description of Mrs Bennets personality is almost completely com
15、posed of loose sentences. This choice of sentence structure, reinforced by the corresponding differences in the choice of vocabulary, is quite symbolic.,Overall stylistic features (continued):,In the selection, especially in the last paragraph, parallel structures are used. In the first paragraph, o
16、wing to the use of the special sentence pattern, expectation and suspension is created on the part of the reader and an ironic tone is implied. In the last paragraph, different sentence patterns are used to symbolize the different personalities of the man and his wife.,(2) Periodicity：,The sentence
17、in the first paragraph is periodic in structure for the inverted order; the sentence in the second paragraph is also periodic for the beginning with an adverbial clause; and the fourth sentence in the third paragraph is periodic also for the beginning with an adverbial clause.,(3) Structural complic
18、ation：,The sentence in the first paragraph, that in the second paragraph, and the first and fourth sentences in the third paragraph are structurally complicated as revealed by the grammatical analysis.,(4) Parallel structure：,Parallel structures are frequently used, for example, in possession of a g
19、ood fortune and in want of a wife; feelings or views; some one or other; quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice; mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper; and the business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.,(5) Cohesive dev
20、ice：,In terms of cohesive device, examples could be found as follows: first, in the first paragraph, the emphatic sentence is used; second, parallel structures are popularly used, especially in the description of Mr Bennets personality; third, grammatical and lexical cohesive devices are frequently
21、turned to, for instance, this truth is used to refer back to a truth; such a man is used to refer back to a single man in possession of a good fortune; he in the second paragraph is used to refer to such a man; the possessive pronoun their is used to refer to the surrounding families; Mr Bennet is u
22、sed in contrast with his wife; she and her are used to refer to his wife, and so on.,(6) Structural and lexical formality：,Structurally, the selection is formal in that the sentences it is composed of are grammatically complete and free from colloquial structures. Lexically, formal words, including
23、nominalizations, are frequently used, for example, truth, universally, acknowledge, possession, fortune, surrounding, family, consider, property, mixture, sarcastic, humor, reserve, caprice, experience, insufficient, and others.,2) Staged translation:,A) Translation 1 with comments B) Translation 2
24、with comments C) Translation 3 with comments,A) Translation 1:,这是一条整个宇宙都承认的真理，一个占有丰富财产的男人，必定缺少一个妻子。 不管怎样鲜为人知这样的男人的感情或者观点可能是什么样的，在他们初次进入一个居民点的时候，这样的真理在周围的家庭的脑子里如此根深蒂固，以致他被认为是他们的这个或那个女儿的合法财产。 本内特先生是这样的一个混合物，反应很快，讽刺而又幽默，不太讲话，变化无常，以致于二十有三年的经验都不足以使他的妻子懂得他的性格。她的脑子要摸透就不那么困难了。她是个理解力平平的女人，没有什么信息，脾气捉摸不定。当她不愉快
25、的时候，她就想当然地认为自己神经有问题，她的生活的正事就是打算将女儿们嫁出去，她的安慰就是串门子和打听消息。,Comments:,On the whole, the above can be regarded, in ready terms, as a literal translation, literal both lexically in some cases, and structurally, perhaps, throughout. For example, 混合物; 二十有三年;经验are lexical cases, while不管怎样鲜为人知这样的男人的感情或者观点可能是什么
26、样的; 以致于二十有三年的经验都不足以使他的妻子懂得他的性格are structural cases in point.,B) Translation 2:,这条真理举世皆知：一个有钱的单身汉总缺少个妻子。 当这样的单身汉每搬到一个新地方的时候，尽管人们对他的感情如何、观点怎样一无所知，在周围住户的心目中，这条真理依然根深蒂固，以致将他看成了他们的这个女儿或那个女儿的合法财产。 本内特先生集聪颖过人、幽默挖苦、不苟言笑、变幻莫测于一身，他的妻子凭着和他朝夕相处二十三年的经验都摸不透他的性格。她的脑子倒不难揣测。她是个智力平平、孤陋寡闻、动不动就发脾气的女人。不高兴的时候就想当然地认为自己神经出
27、了问题。她生活中的正事就是将女儿们嫁出去，她的生活安慰就是走村串户，打探消息。,Comments:,The translation is structurally acceptable now. However, lexically speaking, such expressions as 脑子； 动不动就发发脾气 and others may sound colloquial. In addition, 动不动就发发脾气 is not an expression parallel to what has gone before.,C) Translation 3:,有条真理举世皆知：一个有
28、钱的单身汉总要娶个妻子。 每当这样的单身汉新搬到某个地方，尽管对他的想法如何、见解怎样一无所知，在周边住户的心目中，这条真理依然根深蒂固，以致将他看成了他们的这个或那个女儿的合法财产。 本内特先生聪颖过人、幽默挖苦、不苟言笑、变幻莫测，他的妻子和他朝夕相处二十三年都捉摸他不透。她的想法不难揣测。她智力平平、孤陋寡闻、易发脾气。不高兴的时候就想当然地认为自己神经受了刺激。生活中的正事就是将女儿嫁出去，生活的慰藉就是走村串户，打探消息。,Comments:,The present translation has already solved the problems mentioned in th
29、e above comments. In addition, the substitution of 有for这at the very beginning, the addition of每at the beginning of the second paragraph, the deletion of集于一身 in the third paragraph, the substitution of 慰藉for安慰 and others help to make the translation authentic to a great extent.,Original 42,My dear Mr
30、 Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Metherfield Park is let at last? Mr Benent replied that he had not. But it is, returned she; for Mrs Long has just been here, and she told me all about it. Mr Bennet made no answer. Do you want to know who has taken it? cried his wife impati
31、ently. You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it. This was invitation enough.,Original 42 (continued),Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to s
32、ee the place, and so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week. What is his name? Bingley. Is he married or single? Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A sing
33、le man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!,Original 42 (continued),Is that his design in settling here? Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, therefore you must visit him as soon as he come
34、s. I see no occasion for that. You and girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr Bingley might like you the best of the party. My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pret
35、end to be any thing extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.,Original 42 (continued),In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of. But my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr Bingley when he comes into the neighbor
36、hood. It is more than I engage for, I assure you.,1 Analysis of the original:,A) Grammatical analysis B) Stylistic analysis,A) Grammatical analysis:,(1) Sentence structure (2) Additional complication,(1) Sentence structure：,The present passage is selected from Chapter 1 of Pride and Prejudice, compo
37、sed of direct speeches, reporting clauses and intervening narratives. Generally speaking, all the sentences are not very complicated in structure, except perhaps for only one or two.,(2) Notes：,First, Mrs Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England;
38、that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week can be understood as Mrs Long says that
39、, that and that ;,Notes (continued)：,second, in You and girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr Bingley might like you the best of the party, the which in the clause introduced by which refers to you may send
40、 them by themselves; and give over means give up; and third, in reading the Mr Bennets direct speeches, attentions should be paid to such expressions as this was invitation enough; is that his design in settling here; I see no occasion for that; a woman has not often much beauty to think of; it is m
41、ore than I engage for, etc. Free of grammatical complication, the expressions may not be easy to understand as they may seem to be.,B) Stylistic analysis:,(1) Periodicity (2) Structural complication (3) Parallel structure (4) Cohesive device (5) Structural and lexical formality,(1) Periodicity：,Thro
42、ughout the selection, it is clearly indicated that Mr Bennet is passive from the beginning to the end and that he is so reserve that some of his speeches in the dialogue are realized as narrative. On the other hand, Mrs Bennet is always active and none of her speeches is realized as narrative at all
43、. Specifically speaking, there are sixteen direct speeches in the selection, of which nine belong to Mrs Benett and seven belong to Mr Benett. However, Mrs Bennets direct speeches are composed of 15 sentences, of which some are coordinate clauses. However, most of Mrs Bennets speeches serve to provi
44、de information.,Periodicity (continued)：,Mr Bennets direct speeches are composed of 8 sentences. However, 3 of them are in the form of question, intended for seeking information. This shows that first, in the first chapter, Mrs Bennet serves primarily as an information provider and secondarily as a
45、boss telling her husband what to do while Mr Bennet mainly serves as an information receiver. Second, as you will discover, Mr Bennet actually shares a great deal with his wife in thinking of marrying out their daughters, but he always pretends to have no such an intention. And his pretension keeps
46、not only his wife but also the reader, to some extent, in the dark.,(2) Structural complication：,All the sentences in the selection are not structurally complicated, and in fact there are only seven complex sentences, which, generally speaking, are quite short.,(4) Parallel structure：,Parallel struc
47、tures are frequently used, for example, Mrs Long has just been here, and she told me all about it; you want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it; that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see
48、the place, and so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week; and there are many others.,(4) Cohesive device：,In terms of cohesive device, examples could be
49、 found as follows: first, adjacency pairs are frequently used; second, parallel structures are popularly employed; third, grammatical and lexical cohesive devices ubiquitous in the selection, for instance, he, him and his are used to refer to Mr Bennet in some cases and to Mr Bingley in others; single and fortune are repeated, though in meaning not in the exact form, and so on.,(5) Structural and lexical formality：,Structurally, the selection is formal in that the sentences it is composed of are grammatically complete and free