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1、一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
2、,定语从句,指物：that which 指人：who (主/宾格) that whom(宾格),关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.（作宾语）,2.A person who steals things is called a thief.（作主语）,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,1.The man i
3、s our teacher. I talked with the man（宾语）.,1.The man is Mr. Li. I talked to him., The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling., The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语),The boy who has a round face is Tom., The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The boy who sits in front
4、of me is Tom.,3.that可指人也可指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略,介词不能放在that前面。),1） The photos are on the desk. I took them on my trip。（宾语）,The photos that I took on my trip are on the desk.,2 ） The photos are on the desk .,The photos I took on my trip are on the desk.,The photos interest me most. （主语）,The photos that int
5、erest me most are on the desk.,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),2.These are the trees which were planted last year.,3.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,1.Is this the library
6、? you borrow books from the library.,介词不能放在that前面,Is this the library (that) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from that you borrow books,the red the green the small the big,The apple which/that is small is red.,The apple which/that is big is green.,The apple which/that is red is small,The
7、apple which/that is green is big.,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world. whom that,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress that she is wearing is new. which ,(3) He is the kind person. I have eve
8、r worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,5.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。,Please show me the book ( whose cover is red).,I saw a woman (whose bag was stolen).,1
9、. I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .,2. Please show me the book . Its cover is red.,把两句合成一句方法如下： 1.定主句 2.找准先行词。3.确定关系词 4.去掉与关系词重复的词。从句放在先行词后。,有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in
10、 will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是 all， something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.,定语从句中需注意事项,4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very,
11、 the same, the last 作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 6.先行词被the same, the only, the very, the first, the last 等词修饰时。 This is the very house that we are looking for. Beijing was the
12、first city that I had visited.,1） “one of可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数； He is one of the students who study very hard at school. 2）“one of可数名词复数”前有the，only或the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。 He is the only one of the students who studies very hard at school.,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词 的人称和数须和先行词一致,单项选择。 1. This is th
13、e job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where 3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen 4. The man _is painting the house is my u
14、ncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who 5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which,A,C,B,D,B,6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.what C.who
15、 D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./ 10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C. which D. what,C,C,A,A,B,( )1.-Does the teacher k
16、now everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who ( ) 2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that ( )3. -Where is the scientist _gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who
17、C. whose D. which ( ) 4. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who,D,D,D,B,( )5. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that the reason _ you had a few days off？ Awhy BWhen Cwhat Dwhere ( )6. This is the best way _ has been used against pollution Awhere Bwhy Cwhich Dthat ( ) 7.The result of the experiment was very good，_ we hadnt expected （预料） Awhen BThat Cwhich Dit ( ) 8.He said _ the man _ had robbed the bank had long hair Awho；who Bwho；that Cthat；who Dthat；which,C,C,A,D,